1 Tablets and Capsules Aulton 16, 27-30 Tablets • Half of all pharmaceutical products are for oral use (tablets and capsules) • Advantages: high patient compliance, relatively easy to produce, easy to market • Disadvantages: the conditions in the GI tract that leads to degradation of some substance and that all substances are not absorbed through the epithelial cells of the GI-tract • Can you think of other examples of advantages and disadvantages?
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Tablets and Capsules
Aulton16, 27-30
Tablets• Half of all pharmaceutical products are for oral use (tablets
and capsules)• Advantages: high patient compliance, relatively easy to
produce, easy to market• Disadvantages: the conditions in the GI tract that leads to
degradation of some substance and that all substances arenot absorbed through the epithelial cells of the GI-tract
• Can you think of other examples of advantages anddisadvantages?
• Produced in an encapsulationmachine employing a rotary dieprocess
• A heated fluid of gelatin mixed withexcipients is transported onto twoflat ribbons on which the gel isformed.
• The ribbons are transported to thedie where the liquid fill is injected.
• Injection of the liquid forces thegelatin to expand into the dieforming the capsule
• The capsule is dried from 30%water in the formulation to lessthan 10% in finished product
Quality of capsules
• In-line controls The gel ribbon
thickness Soft gel seal thickness
at the time ofencapsulation
Fill matrix weight Capsule shell weight Soft gel shell moisture
level Soft gel hardness at the
end of the drying stage
• Excipient control Limit the presence of
trace impurities suchas aldehyde andperoxides which cancross-link the gelatin
Quality control of thegelatin• Viscosity of the
melted gel• Bloom strength
(hardness of thegel)
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Terms to know from today's lecture
• Disintegrating tablet: tablet that disintegrates in the stomach, normallyused for fast uptake
• Immediate release: fast release of the active substance (all “normal”tablets)
• Filler: an excipient added to give a tablet the right weight and volume• Disintegrant: an excipient added to disintegrate the tablet into its primary
particles• Binder: an excipient added to increase the cohesion of the granules and
between particles in the tablet• Gliadant: an excipient added to increase the flow of the powder• Lubricant: an excipient added to lubricate the punches during tabletting• Hardness and Friability measurement of the mechanical properties of
tablets• Disintegration: how fast the tablet disintegrates into its primary particles• Dissolution: how fast the active substance is released from the