MA Course Old Church Slavonic Language and Culture Jos Schaeken, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Leiden University TABLES OLD CHURCH SLAVONIC – RUSSIAN: THE NOUN 1 Introductory remarks Do not interpret the OCS and Russian tables as ‘OCS Russ.’, but as ‘Proto-Slavic (South Slavic) OCS’, ‘Proto-Slavic (East Slavic) Russ.’, etc. (However, Russian does contain many OCS elements through a secondary borrowing process.) Two important Proto-Slavic morphological isoglosses: (a) Isg -o-stems: South Slavic -omь and North Slavic (West and East) -ъmь; (b) Apl - o-stems and Gsg and NApl - ā-stems: South Slavic -ę and North Slavic -ě (‘-ě3’; Russ. -i comes from the hard-stem declension). OCS Npl = Vpl; Ndu = Adu = Vdu, Gdu = Ldu, Ddu = Idu; Nsgn = Asgn = Vsgn, Npln = Apln = Vpln; Nplf = Aplf. – Russ.: vocative and dual forms gradually disappeared in Old Russian. OCS: consonant alternations in stems ending in k, g, x as a result of velar palatalization. − Russ.: alternations gradually disappeared in Old Russian. OCS: tables Id (kamenь), IIb (slovo), IIc (imę), IId (otročę), IIIc (mati), IIId (crьky) contain the (non-productive class of) consonant stems with GLsg -e and Gpl -ъ, and for masculine nouns (Id) Npl -e (cf. Russ. type гражданин ‘citizen’, Npl граждане). Category ‘animate-inanimate’. OCS: for ‘animate’ optional Asg = Gsg in masculine (very rarely also female) nouns. – Russ.: for ‘animate’ in declension class I masc. 2 Asg = Gsg, and in all classes Apl = Gpl. See also below, Appendix II. 1 Old Church Slavonic tables based on: Jos Schaeken & Henrik Birnbaum, Die altkirchenslavische Schriftkultur: Geschichte – Laute und Schriftzeichen – Sprachdenkmäler. München, 1999, pp. 218-224. 2 Russian declension classes: I masc. (слон), I neutr. (болóто), II (женá), III masc. (путь), III fem. (кость), Group и́мя, and Group мать and дочь.
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TABLES OLD CHURCH SLAVONIC RUSSIAN: THE NOUN1 · MA Course Old Church Slavonic Language and Culture Jos Schaeken, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Leiden University TABLES OLD CHURCH
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MA Course Old Church Slavonic Language and Culture
Jos Schaeken, Russian and Eurasian Studies, Leiden University
TABLES OLD CHURCH SLAVONIC – RUSSIAN: THE NOUN1
Introductory remarks
Do not interpret the OCS and Russian tables as ‘OCS Russ.’, but as ‘Proto-Slavic (South Slavic) OCS’, ‘Proto-Slavic (East Slavic) Russ.’, etc. (However, Russian does contain many OCS elements through a secondary borrowing process.)
Two important Proto-Slavic morphological isoglosses: (a) Isg -o-stems: South Slavic -omь and North Slavic (West and East) -ъmь; (b) Apl - o-stems and Gsg and NApl - ā-stems: South Slavic -ę and North Slavic -ě (‘-ě3’; Russ. -i comes from the hard-stem declension).
OCS Npl = Vpl; Ndu = Adu = Vdu, Gdu = Ldu, Ddu = Idu; Nsgn = Asgn = Vsgn, Npln = Apln = Vpln; Nplf = Aplf. – Russ.: vocative and dual forms gradually disappeared in Old Russian.
OCS: consonant alternations in stems ending in k, g, x as a result of velar palatalization. − Russ.: alternations gradually disappeared in Old Russian.
OCS: tables Id (kamenь), IIb (slovo), IIc (imę), IId (otročę), IIIc (mati), IIId (crьky) contain the (non-productive class of) consonant stems with GLsg -e and Gpl -ъ, and for masculine nouns (Id) Npl -e (cf. Russ. type гражданин ‘citizen’, Npl граждане).
Category ‘animate-inanimate’. OCS: for ‘animate’ optional Asg = Gsg in masculine (very rarely also female) nouns. – Russ.: for ‘animate’ in declension class I masc.2 Asg = Gsg, and in all classes Apl = Gpl. See also below, Appendix II.
1 Old Church Slavonic tables based on: Jos Schaeken & Henrik Birnbaum, Die altkirchenslavische Schriftkultur: Geschichte – Laute und Schriftzeichen – Sprachdenkmäler. München, 1999, pp. 218-224. 2 Russian declension classes: I masc. (слон), I neutr. (болóто), II (женá), III masc. (путь), III fem. (кость), Group имя, and Group мать and дочь.
Russian – Declension class I masc. Nsg слон язык вопль врач случай Gsg слона языка вопля врача случая Dsg слону языку воплю врачу случаю Asg слона язык вопль врача случай Isg слоном языком воплем врачом случаем Lsg слоне языке вопле враче случае Npl слоны языки вопли врачи случаи Gpl слонов языков воплей врачей случаев Dpl слонам языкам воплям врачам случаям Apl слонов языки вопли врачей случаи Ipl слонами языками воплями врачами случаями Lpl слонах языках воплях врачах случаях
Old Church Slavonic – Russian: Russ. vocative боже. OCS Npl -i for hard -0-stem declension: cf. in Russian still сосед ‘neighbour’, Npl соседи;
черт ‘devil’, Npl черти (elsewhere -y, taken from Apl). Russ. Gpl -ов/-ев/-ев and -ей: see below, tables Ib and Ic. Russ. DILpl -ам/-ям, -ами/-ями, -ах/-ях, see below, table IIIa.
Historical declension class: masculine -u-stems. (The original Isg ending was -ъmь, Dpl -ъmъ and Lpl -ъхъ.)
Old Church Slavonic: Non-productive class with about half a dozen of monosyllabic words, including synъ ‘son’,
volъ ‘ox’, vrьxъ ‘top’, domъ ‘house’, medъ ‘honey’, polъ ‘half; gender’. Merger of masculine -u- and -o/- o-stems already takes place in OCS; cf. table Ia with
optional Dsg -ovi/-evi for human beings (člověkovi, mǫževi) and Vsg -u in - o-stems.
Old Church Slavonic – Russian: OCS Gsg -u – Russ. Gsg -у/-ю (‘second genitive’): много снегу ‘lots of snow’ (partitive); с
испугу ‘out of fear’ (fixed expressions). OCS Lsg -u – Russ. Lsg -у/-ю (‘second locative’): в саду ‘in the garden’, в бою ‘in battle’. OCS Gpl -ovъ – Russ. Gpl -ов/-ев/-ев: spreads to I masc. instead of original -ъ/-ь >
Russ. - , which still exists in various categories, like солдат ‘soldier’, Gpl солдат; сапог ‘boot’, Gpl сапог; глаз ‘eye’, Gpl глаз; раз ‘time’, Gpl раз; апельсин ‘orange’, Gpl апельсин (also апельсинов).
Russian – Declension class I neutr. Nsg болото благо поле жилище здание Gsg болота блага поля жилища здания Dsg болоту благу полю жилищу здании Asg болото благо поле жилище здание Isg болотом благом полем жилищем зданием Lsg болоте благе поле жилище здании Npl болота блага поля жилища здания Gpl болот благ полей жилищ зданий Dpl болотам благам полям жилищам зданиям Apl болота блага поля жилища здания Ipl болотами благами полями жилищами зданиями Lpl болотах благах полях жилищах зданиях
Old Church Slavonic – Russian: Russ. DLpl -ам/-ям, Ipl-ами/-ями and Lpl -ах/-ях, see below, table IIIa.
Historical declension class: neuter -es-stems. (The original GLsg ending was -e, Isg -ьmь, Dpl -ьmъ and Lpl -ьхъ.)
Old Church Slavonic: Non-productive class with about a dozen words, including slovo ‘word’, nebo ‘heaven’,
čudo ‘miracle’, tělo ‘body’, kolo ‘wheel, disc’, isto ‘intestines’ (only Pl and Du), oko ‘eye’ (Gsg očese, Npl očesa; Du according to table IIIb: oči), uxo ‘ear’ (Gsg ušese, Npl ušesa; Du according to table IIIb: uši).
Old Church Slavonic – Russian: Russ. небо ‘heaven’ and чудо ‘miracle’ with insertion of –еs-, but only in plural. Thus: Gsg
неба, Dsg небу; Npl небеса, Gpl небес, Dpl небесам. OCS kolo ‘wheel, disc’ – Russ. колесо, -а. Russ. derivations of the type слово ‘word’ словесный ‘word-’; тело ‘body’ телесный
‘bodily’. Russ. Pl очи ‘eyes’ and уши ‘ears’ based on original Du forms (see above).
Russian – Declension class II Nsg жена рука земля душа змея Gsg жены руки земли души змеи Dsg жене руке земле душе змее Asg жену руку землю душу змею Isg женой рукой землей душой змеей Lsg жене руке земле душе змее Npl жены руки земли души змеи Gpl жен рук земель душ змей Dpl женам рукам землям душам змеям Apl жен руки земли души змей Ipl женами руками землями душами змеями Lpl женах руках землях душах змеях
Old Church Slavonic – Russian: Dpl -amъ, Ipl -ami and Lpl -axъ of the -ā-/- ā-stems gradually spread to all other
Historical declension class: feminine -er-stems. (The original GLsg ending was -e, Dpl -ьmъ and Lpl -ьхъ.)
Old Church Slavonic: Non-productive class, including mati ‘mother’ and dъšti ‘daughter’.
Russian – Group мать and дочь Nsg мать Npl матери Gsg матери Gpl матерей Dsg матери Dpl матерям Asg мать Apl матерей Isg матерью Ipl матерями Lsg матери Lpl матерях
Old Church Slavonic – Russian: Russ. DILpl -ям, -ями, -ях, see above, table IIIa. OCS Ipl ending -ьmi – Russ. дочь ‘daughter’, Ipl дочерьми (alternatively дочерями).
3 Charles E. Townsend & Laura A. Janda, Common and Comparative Slavic: Phonology and Inflection: with special attention to Russian, Polish, Czech, Serbo-Croatian, Bulgarian. Columbus OH, 1996.