LIFE SCIENCE CHEMICALS LABWARE Tables and general information 2015 • Balances overview • Chemical resistance of gloves • Chemical resistance of plastics • Cut resistant gloves • Ear protection overview • Filters for respiratory protection • Guidelines on personal protective equipment 89/686/EWG • Heat protection and cold protection gloves • Hotplate and magnetic stirrers - overview • Plastic jars, bottles, containers - overview (0,1 ml - 150 l) • Plastics - Technical data / Key to symbols • Sign declarations • Skin protection, -care, -cleaning and -disinfection • Stands, racks and storage boxes overview • Temperature measurement / Thermometer overview
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Tables and general information - International | Carl Roth CHEMICALS Tables and general information 2015 • Balances overview • Chemical resistance of gloves • Chemical resistance
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LIFE SCIENCE CHEMICALSLABWARE
Tables and general information
2015
• Balances overview
• Chemical resistance of gloves
• Chemical resistance of plastics
• Cut resistant gloves
• Ear protection overview
• Filters for respiratory protection
• Guidelines on personal protective equipment 89/686/EWG
Sterilizing plastics – AutoclavingRecommended autoclave cycle: 20 minutes at 121 °C, 1 bar
1. Clean autoclave goods thoroughly prior to sterilizing.2. Rinse off used detergent with distilled water.3. Unscrew caps to enable pressure compensation.4. Only autoclave containers with stop-cock when empty, screw off stop-cocks.
Polycarbonate PC and Polysulfone PSU are also autoclavable, however thisreduces the mechanical stability. This can result in material failure particu-larly when under high mechanical strain, e.g. during centrifuging.
Plastics – Technical data / Key to symbols
Temperature in ( ) short-term
All values given in this table refer to plastic raw material and can only be regarded asguidelines. As the temperature resistance may vary with different conditions of manu-facturing or chemical influences, suitability tests by the user are highly recommanded.
No legal claims can be derived from this information; nor do we accept any liability for it.
Temperaturemeasuring in acc.with HACCP
News and Programme extensions
EU-guideline 93/43/EU is better known as “HACCP”.
HACCP stands for:
Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. One of themost critical and therefore most important controlpoints is the temperature at which foodstuffs are produced, stored, transported and prepared.
All products identified as being particularly temperature-sensitive are shipped in special ice boxes with freezerpacks or in dry ice.
All autoclavable products in our catalogue are identified by this symbol. Please also note anyadditional instructions when autoclaving.
Temperature Resistance:
Safe to freeze (approx. -10/-20 °C)
Suitable for low temperatures (approx. -70/-80 °C)
Suitable for liquid nitrogen (gaseous phase / -196 °C)
0001_0006_KatalogEinleitseiten_2015_GB:000_D_S.1-6.qxd 14.01.2015 14:13 Seite 5
Chemical resistance of plastics
● resistent
❍ conditionally resistent
– not resistent
All values given in this table refer to plastic raw material and can only be regarded as guidelines. As the chemical resistance mayvary with different conditions of manufacturing or environmental influences, suitability tests by the user are highly recommanded.
No legal claims can be derived from this information; nor do we accept any liability for it.
Chemicals at 20° C MF ETFE PA PC HDPE LDPE PMMA POM PP PS PTFE/FEP PVC SAN PMP PVDF
250 PTFE white ❍ Bottle 1181.1 34300 Aluminium silver ❍ Bottle P793.1 33300 Glass clear ❍ Bottle T956.1 239300 Glass clear ❍ Bottle T962.1 239300 HDPE white ❍ Can 5642.1 43300 PP transparent ❍ Can EP28.1 46300 PVC transparent
brown❒ Can H323.1 42
300 PVC transparent ❒ Can H315.1 42325 SAN / PE transparent ❒ Can K677.1 41350 HDPE white ❒ Bottle H336.1 32360 PP transparent ❍ Can K794.1 164360 PTFE white ❍ Can LT90.1 44460 Stainless
steelsilver ❒ Container 9502.1 41
480 PTFE white ❍ Can LT91.1 44500 Aluminium silver ❍ Bottle 2984.1 20500 Glass brown ❍ Bottle A370.1 97500 Glass brown ❒ Bottle 0329.1 94500 Glass brown ❍ Flat-bottom vial Y630.1 96500 Glass plastic-
55 HDPE white ❍ Container CY91.1 2260 HDPE blue ❍ Barrel T971.1 2260 HDPE white ❍ Carboy 5651.1 2660 HDPE white ❍ Carboy K984.1 2668,5 HDPE white ❍ Container 5459.1 22
Vol. (l)
Material Colour Shape Art. No. Page
120 HDPE blue ❍ Barrel T972.1 22150 HDPE blue ❍ Barrel T973.1 22
* Please check with our Sales Department for delivery period for these items.
Vol. (l)
Material Colour Shape Art. No. Page
GB_00_BehaelterUebersicht.fm Seite 11 Freitag, 9. Januar 2015 1:25 13
Laboratory glass
The DURAN Group
With its already well-established production sites in Mainz, Wertheim and Pula/Kroatia, the DURAN Group has a complete value chain ranging from the glass melting process to precise forming and machining processes.
It continues to offer its customers the flexibility of a medium-sized company together with the comprehensive know-how as a result of its experience of many years.
The material of glassGeneral propertiesIn comparison with other materials such as stainless steel or plastic, glass offers near-universal chemical resistance to water, saline solutions, acids, alkalis and other organic solvents. It is only affected by hydrofluoric acid and at increased temperatures by strong alkalis and concentrated phosphoric acids. Glass is dimensionally stable and safe even at high temperatures and does not release harmful substances when heated. Glass also exhibits high transparency. In the laboratory, various types of glass are used depending on application. These are chiefly soda-lime glass (AR® glass) as well as various types of borosilicate glass.
Soda-lime glass has less chemical and thermal load capacity than borosilicate glass. Due to its high thermal expansion, soda-lime glass has a low thermal shock resistance and can incur stresses and crack when heated or cooled. Soda-lime glass is well suited to applications involving temporary chemical contact at room temperature as well as to disposable articles.
Borosilicate glass is to a large extent chemically inert and suitable for use up to very high temperatures. The various types of borosilicate glass mainly differ from one another in terms of their linear coefficient of expansion and hence their resistance to changes in temperature.The most commonly used types of borosilicate glass are borosilicate glass 3.3 (DURAN®, SIMAX), borosilicate glass 4.9 (Fiolax®) and borosilicate glass 5.1.
Comparison of DURAN® and soda-lime glass
Chemical properties:
Physical properties:
Usage instructions:
The following factors are critical to the quality of laboratory glassware:• The glassware and glass type• The shape obtained during the production process• Even distribution of wall thickness in all areas of the article (particularly in critical
areas such as in the neck/shoulder area and at the transitions to the base). This ensures:- better mechanical stability- higher thermal shock resistance - freedom from stresses, which can cause the vessel to burst when heated
These quality characteristics not only increase safety for employees in the laboratory, but also extend the useful life of the laboratory glassware and protect valuable substances.
Hydrolytic resistance to DIN ISO 719 Class 1 Class 3Acid resistance to DIN 12116 Class 1 Class 1Alkali resistance to ISO 695 Class 2 Class 2
Transformation temperature [°C] 525Coefficient of expansion α (20 to 300 °C) [10-6 K-1] 3.3 9.1
Max. allowable usage temperatures 500 °C approx. 100 °CMaximum negative temperature -70 °C approx. 0 °CMaximum temperature difference ΔT 100 K 30 KUse in the microwave Suitable UnsuitablePressure and vacuum operation Only products indicated as such
are suitable for use under pressure/vacuum due to their geometry and wall thickness (e.g. suction bottles, dessicators, DURAN® pressure plus bottles)
Unsuitable
Cleaning in dishwashers Suitable Unsuitable
GB_01_LaborglasVerbrmaterial_T1.fm Seite 74 Dienstag, 13. Januar 2015 10:37 10
Laboratory glass
The special features of DURAN®
Very high chemical resistance, nearly inert behaviour, a high usage temperature, minimal thermal expansion and the resultant high resistance to thermal shock are its most significant properties. Excellent physical and chemical performance makes DURAN® the ideal material for use in the laboratory and for the manufacture of chemical apparatus used in large-scale industrial plants. It is also widely used on an industrial scale in all other application areas in which extreme heat resistance, thermal shock resistance, mechanical strength and exceptional chemical resistance are required. The properties of DURAN® meet the specifications of DIN ISO 3585. Compared to other types of borosilicate 3.3. glass, DURAN® is noted for its highly constant and technically reproducible quality.
Chemical propertiesDURAN® glass is more chemically resistant that all other known materials. DURAN® borosilicate glass is highly resistant to water, acids, saline solutions, organic substances and halogens, such as chlorine or bromine. It also has good resistance to alkaline solutions. Only hydrofluoric acid, concentrated phosphoric acid and strong alkalis break down the glass surface (glass corrosion) at temperatures >100 °C. Their near-inert behaviour means that there are no interactions (e.g. ion exchange) between the medium and glass and it is thus possible to practically rule out any influence on the experiments.
Physical Properties:Temperature stability under heatingThe maximum permissible operating temperature for DURAN® is 500 °C. As it has a very low coefficient of linear expansion (α = 3.3 x 10-6 K-1), a feature of DURAN® is its high thermal shock resistance up to ΔT = 100 K. This is also dependent on the wall thickness and the geometry of the products.
Temperature stability under freezingDURAN® can be cooled down to the maximum possible negative temperature and is thus suitable for use with liquid nitrogen (approx. -196 °C). When doing so, bear in mind the product geometry and the properties of any additional components used (e.g. screw caps). In general, DURAN® products are recommended for use down to -70 °C.When cooling down and thawing, care must be taken to ensure that the temperature difference does not exceed 100 K. In practice, therefore, it is recommended that they be cooled and heated gradually.When freezing substances such as DURAN® bottles, the container should only be filled to max. 3/4 full and frozen at an angle of 45 ° (in order to enlarge the surface area).
Use in the microwaveDURAN® laboratory glassware is suitable for use in microwaves. This also applies to plastic coated DURAN® products.
Conformity with standards and guidelinesDURAN® is a neutral glass with high hydrolytic resistance and therefore belongs to glass type 1 according to the European Pharmacopoeia (EP, Section 3.2.1), the Japanese Pharmacopoeia (JP, Section 7.01), the United States Pharmacopeia (USP, Section: 660) and the National Formulary.In addition to being in conformity with the DIN ISO 3585 international standard, in which the properties of borosilicate glass 3.3 are defined, many items of DURAN® laboratory glassware meet the standards for glass laboratory equipment.
The thermal shock resistance of glass is dependent on the shape, wall thickness, surface characteristics and finish of the glassware used.
Rapid changes in temperature cause high temporary stress in the glass, meaning that rapid cooling processes are very dangerous, since in this case a thin outer layer of the glass is placed under tensile stress over the still hot inner core. Glass is much more susceptible to tensile stress than to compressive stress.
DURAN® is much more resistant to rapid changes in temperature than soda-lime glass due to its lower thermal expansion.
Optical propertiesIn the spectral range from approx. 310 to 2200 nm the absorption of DURAN® clear glass is negligibly low. In photochemical processes the light transmission of DURAN® in the ultraviolet range is of particular importance. The transmissivity in the UV range indicates the ease with which photochemical reactions, such as chlorinations and sulfochlorinations, can be carried out. The chlorine molecule absorbs in the range from 280 to 400 nm and thus serves as a carrier of the radiation energy.
Amber colouring of DURAN® laboratory glasswareThe amber colouring allows the storage of light-sensitive substances in DURAN® products. In the wavelength band between 300 and 500 nm, light transmission compared to DURAN® clear glass is <10 %. Accordingly, the amber DURAN® glass meets USP/EP/JP guidelines.Since the amber diffusion ink is applied to the outside of the clear glass article by means of spray coating, the proven DURAN® properties inside the bottle remain unaffected; there is no contact or interaction between contents and amber coating.The coating is then stove enamelled, and therefore is resistant to chemicals and cleaning in a dishwasher.
Safety instructionsDURAN® glassware is safe to use. The guidelines applicable for the use of special glass in laboratories in the country in question should always be observed. The following points should, however, always be observed:• Before using DURAN® laboratory glassware, it should be checked to
ensure that it is suitable for the intended purpose and that it will function properly.
• Faulty laboratory glassware can present a hazard (e. g. risk of cuts, burns, infection) which should not be underestimated. If appropriate repairs to any item cannot be carried out or cannot be justified on grounds of cost, it must be disposed of in the proper manner (as household waste or, depending on possible contamination, in accordance with the applicable guidelines; never as waste glass).
• Glassware should only be subjected to sudden changes in temperature taking into account a thermal shock resistance of ΔT=100K. This applies in particular to thick-walled glassware, such as suction bottles or dessicators.
• Make sure that apparatus stands firmly and is not subjected to stress by using appropriate support material.
Environmental compatibility of DURAN® laboratory glasswareDURAN® laboratory glassware is manufactured from natural, mineral raw materials. Unlike other materials, laboratory glassware can be used for years if handled properly and therefore is superior to other materials in ecological terms. Toxic substances cannot leach out. The production processes have been systematically optimised for maximum environmental compatibility during the production process.
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Respiratory protection
Alphabetical listing of harmful substances and recommended respiratory protection filters
When selecting your respiratory unit, please also consider BGR 190 requirements for the use of respiratory untis.
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Info-summary Overview for racks, stands and storage boxesHole-inner measurements (mm) Hole-shape Number of holes Dimensions L x W (mm) Height (mm) Height with cap (mm) Art. No. Page ∅ 5 ❍ 32 (4 x 8) 80 x 80 8,5 - LH40.1 171∅ 5 ❍ 10 ∅ 70 8,5 - LH39.1 171∅ 5 ❍ 72 (6 x 12) 210 x 110 220 - YA94.1 174∅ 5.5 ❍ 96 (8 x 12) 138 x 98 30 39 HX25.1 182∅ 5 to 12 ❍ 18 ∅ 82 60 - LP92.1 171∅ 6 ❍ 96 (8 x 12) 126 x 86 16 32 K823.1 182∅ 6 ❍ 96 (8 x 12) 127 x 85 16 22/27 P765.1 182∅ 6.5 ❍ 96 (8 x 12) 130 x 100 15 30 T098.1 182∅ 4 and 7 ❍ 96 + 6 115 x 90 15 - N470.1 189∅ 6.5 / 8 / 12 ❍ 32 + 16 + 24 210 x 115 27 50 K818.1 182∅ 6.5 / 8,0 / 11.2 / 16.4 ❍ 4 x (32 / 12 / 9 / 6) 100 x 100 208 - HC26.1 179∅ 7 and 9 ❍ 36 + 11 180 x 80 15 - N548.1 189 ∅ 8 ❍ 48 (4 x 12) 270 x 100 25 / 50 - A775.1 181∅ 8 ❍ 64 (8 x 8) 135 x 135 27 - N912.1 187∅ 8 / 11 / 17 / 30 ❍ 32 / 32 / 12 / 4 180 x 90 52 - K082.1 1798 x 8 ❒ 196 (14 x 14) - 25 - Y052.2 1858 x 8 ❒ 196 (14 x 14) - 30 - Y053.2 185∅ 8 / 11 ❍ 2 x (32 + 8) 160 x 79 28 50 K133.1 181∅ 8 / 11 ❍ 96 (8 x 12) 210 x 115 25 50 E271.1 180 ∅ 8 / 11 ❍ 2 x 96 (8 x 12) 245 x 115 25 50 T216.1 181∅ 8-12 ❒ 16 (4 x 4) 103 x 103 65 - E075.1 171∅ 8.5 ❍ 50 (5 x 10) 173 x 95 20 - TY95.1 174∅ 8.5 ❍ 250 218 x 218 33 - K828.1 1779 x 9 ❒ 169 (13 x 13) - 25 - Y050.2 1859 x 9 ❒ 169 (13 x 13) - 30 - Y051.2 185∅ 9-12 ❍ 8 ∅ 66 75 - E072.1 171∅ 9-12 ❍ 20 ∅ 96 70 - E073.1 171∅ 10 ❍ 48 (4 x 12) 200 x 100 25 / 49 - A777.1 181∅ 10 ❍ 24 (4 x 6) 150 x 82 69 - P199.1 17110-13 rods 96 (8 x 12) 179 x 127 64 - E088.1 17710 x 10 ❒ 144 (12 x 12) - 25 - Y048.2 18510 x 10 ❒ 144 (12 x 12) - 30 - Y049.2 185 ∅ 10.5 ❍ 20 (2 x 10) 210 x 90 28 / 49 - K831.1 180∅ 10.5 ❍ 20 (2 x 10) 210 x 90 50 - N390.1 180∅ 11 ❍ 24 (4 x 6) 115 x 90 30 - EP69.1 189∅ 11 ❍ 80 (5 x 16) 210 x 65 27 - C771.1 180∅ 11 ❍ 64 (8 x 8) 135 x 135 30 - N917.1 187∅ 11 ❍ 24 (2 x 12) 255 x 42 35 - 5453.1 177∅ 11 ❍ 12 (2 x 6) 135 x 42 35 - 5427.1 177∅ 11 ❍ 20 (2 x 10) 257 x 47 24 - 0403.1 174∅ 11 ❍ 48 (4 x 12) 255 x 82 35 - 5457.1 174 11 (narrowest spot) rhomboid 100 265 x 110 45 - 4562.1 180∅ 12 ❍ 4 x 24 (3 x 8) 155 x 76 8 / 300 - P166.1 179∅ 12 ❍ 50 (5 x 10) 173 x 95 20 - TY96.1 174 ∅ 12 ❍ 50 (5 x 10) 240 x 100 23 - K551.1 181∅ 12 ❍ 64 (8 x 8) 210 x 115 30 50 E815.1 180∅ 12 ❍ 81 (9 x 9) 133 x 133 - 53 HE04.1 188∅ 12 ❍ 81 (9 x 9) 142 x 142 27 48 X630.1 186∅ 12 ❍ 100 (5 x 20) 338 x 95 63 - K496.2 184∅ 12 / 13 / 17 / 30 ❍ 16 / 12 / 10 / 4 108 x 108 108 - AK71.1 17912 x 12 ❒ 96 (8 x 12) 172,5 x 116,5 22 40,5 A618.1 183 12 x 12 markers 100 (10 x 10) 133 x 133 - 52 K593.1 18812 x 12 ❒ 100 (10 x 10) 140 x 140 30 60 N195.1 18712 x 12 ❒ 100 (10 x 10) 140 x 140 - 60 N200.1 18712 x 12 ❒ 200 (10 x 20) 275 x 140 - 60 P786.1 186 12.2 x 12.2 ❒ 81 (9 x 9) 133 x 133 52 52 K585.1 18812.2 x 12.2 ❒ 81 (9 x 9) 133 x 133 95 95 K589.1 188 ∅ 12.5 ❍ 50 (5 x 10) 197 x 102 28 - H615.1 181∅ 12.5 ❍ 81 (9 x 9) 133 x 133 - 96 HE02.1 188∅ 12.5 ❍ 50 155 x 78 50 - X115.1 176∅ 12.5 ❍ 25 (5 x 5) 76 x 76 - 53 HE00.1 188∅ 12.5 ❍ 81 (9 x 9) 133 x 133 - 53 HE01.1 18812.5 x 12.5 ❒ 50 (5 x 10) 144 x 75 30 35-55 N201.1 18612.5 x 12.5 markers 100 (10 x 10) 133 x 133 - 53 HE03.1 18812.5 x 12.5 ❒ 100 (10 x 10) - 30 - P900.2 18512.5 x 12.5 ❒ 100 (10 x 10) - 65 - Y047.2 185∅ 13 ❍ 50 (5 x 10) 210 x 110 71 71 N443.2 184∅ 13 ❍ 72 (6 x 12) 238 x 111 89 - YC06.1 172 13 x 13 ❒ 50 (5 x 10) 142 x 72 85 - 1625.1 18413 x 13 ❒ 81 130 x 130 43 47 NL80.1 18313 x 13 ❒ 81 (9 x 9) 133 x 133 - 52 T435.1 18713 x 13 ❒ 84 (6 x 14) 318 x 111 67 - YA95.1 17813 x 13 ❒ 90 (6 x 15) 250 x 105 60 - 4279.1 175∅ 13.5 / 16.4 / 20.5 / 29.6 ❍ 4 x (10 / 8 / 6 / 2) 112 x 112 224 - HC25.1 17913.5 x 13.5 ❒ 81 (9 x 9) - 30 - P899.2 18513.5 x 13.5 ❒ 81 (9 x 9) - 65 - Y046.2 185
GB_01_LaborglasVerbrmaterial_T3.fm Seite 172 Dienstag, 14. Januar 2014 8:14 08
Info-summary
14-17 rods 50 (5 x 10) 187 x 105 70 - E094.1 17714 x 14 ❒ 12 (2 x 6) 101 x 44 70 - H439.1 17614 x 14 ❒ 24 (4 x 6) 197 x 44 70 - H440.1 17614 x 14 ❒ 36 (6 x 6) 102 x 102 56 - H529.1 17514 x 14 ❒ 48 (4 x 12) 197 x 76 70 - H441.1 17614 x 14 ❒ 49 (7 x 7) 115 x 115 48 55 C648.1 18614 x 14 ❒ 72 (6 x 12) 200 x 100 57 - 7390.1 175∅ 14.5 ❍ 50 188 x 95 58 - X116.1 176∅ 14.5 ❍ 119 218 x 218 33 - K829.1 177∅ 15 ❍ 8 (2 x 4) 130 x 59 65 - P200.1 171∅ 15 ❍ 40 (5 x 8) 176 x 116 20 - TY97.1 17415 x 15 ❒ 64 (8 x 8) - 30 - P898.2 18515 x 15 ❒ 64 (8 x 8) - 65 - Y045.2 185∅ 16 ❍ 40 ( 4 x 10) 254 x 111 89 - YC07.1 17416 x 16 ❒ 60 (5 x 12) 250 x 105 70 - 4299.1 17516 x 16 ❒ 60 (5 x 12) 318 x 111 67 - YA96.1 178∅ 16.5 ❍ 96 218 x 218 33 - K830.1 177∅ 17 ❍ 12 (2 x 6) 145 x 52 90 - PH51.1 176∅ 17 ❍ 24 (2 x 12) 278 x 52 90 - PH52.1 176∅ 17 ❍ 40 (4 x 10) 285 x 115 70 - E100.1 177∅ 17 ❍ 45 255 x 137 72 TP22.1 178∅ 17 ❍ 48 (4 x 12) 287 x 97 90 - PH53.1 17617 x 17 ❒ 49 (7 x 7) - 30 - Y043.2 18517 x 17 ❒ 49 (7 x 7) - 65 - Y044.2 185∅ 17.5 ❍ 50 220 x 115 63 - X117.1 176∅ 17.5 ❍ 25 110 x 110 40 - PX26.1 176∅ 17 / 30 ❍ 9 / 16 132 x 132 95 129 PC60.1 184∅ 17 / 30 ❍ 21 / 12 255 x 137 72 - PC54.1 178∅ 18 ❍ 12 (2 x 6) 186 x 60 80 - 5119.1 17718 x 18 ❒ 12 (2 x 6) 130 x 50 70 - L385.1 17618 x 18 ❒ 12 (2 x 6) 130 x 50 70 - H442.1 17618 x 18 ❒ 20 (2 x 10) 210 x 50 70 - L386.1 176 18 x 18 ❒ 24 (2 x 12) 250 x 50 70 - L387.1 17618 x 18 ❒ 24 (2 x 12) 250 x 50 70 - H443.1 17618 x 18 ❒ 24 (4 x 6) 130 x 90 70 - L389.1 17618 x 18 ❒ 36 (6 x 6) 126 x 126 68 - H533.1 17518 x 18 ❒ 36 (6 x 6) 144 x 144 102 127 HX01.1 18418 x 18 ❒ 36 (3 x 12) 250 x 70 70 - L388.1 17618 x 18 ❒ 48 (4 x 12) 250 x 90 70 - L390.1 176 18 x 18 ❒ 48 (4 x 12) 250 x 90 70 - H444.1 17618 x 18 ❒ 72 (6 x 12) 250 x 130 70 - 7395.1 17518 x 18 ❒ 100 (10 x 10) 210 x 210 70 - L391.1 176∅ 20 ❍ 12 (2 x 6) 164 x 60 90 - PH54.1 176∅ 20 ❍ 24 (2 x 12) 310 x 60 90 - PH55.1 176∅ 20 ❍ 40 (4 x 10) 254 x 111 89 - YC08.1 174∅ 20 ❍ 40 (4 x 10) 285 x 115 70 - E101.1 17720 ❍ 9 ∅ 98 165 - YT05.1 176 20 ❍ 12 ∅ 116 165 - YT06.1 17620 ❍ 45 ∅ 194 165 - YT07.1 17620 x 20 ❒ 36 (6 x 6) - 30 - Y041.2 185 20 x 20 ❒ 36 (6 x 6) - 65 - Y042.2 18520 x 20 ❒ 40 (4 x 10) 318 x 111 67 - YA97.1 178 21 x 21 ❒ 40 (4 x 10) 250 x 105 70 - 4388.1 17522 x 22 ❒ 20 (4 x 5) 128 x 103 83 - H537.1 17522 x 22 ❒ 40 (4 x 10) 250 x 100 83 - 7438.1 175∅ 24 ❍ 25 (5 x 5) 160 x 160 30 - TY98.1 174∅ 24 ❍ 30 330 x 110 22 YC05.1 17424 x 24 ❒ 25 (5 x 5) - 30 - Y039.2 18524 x 24 ❒ 25 (5 x 5) - 65 - Y040.2 18525 x 25 ❒ 24 (3 x 8) 318 x 111 67 - YA98.1 17826 x 26 ❒ 16 (4 x 4) 122 x 122 75 - H541.1 17526 x 26 ❒ 40 (4 x 10) 300 x 120 92 - 7479.1 175 26 x 26 ❒ 40 (4 x 10) 300 x 125 85 - 4448.1 175∅ 29 ❍ 1 ∅ 92 30 - TP29.1 178∅ 29 ❍ 1 90 x 67 67 - TP30.1 178∅ 30 ❍ 4 (2 x 2) 105 x 105 65 65 P201.1 171∅ 30 ❍ 15 220 x 115 63 - PX27.1 176 ∅ 30 ❍ 18 255 x 137 72 TP23.1 178∅ 30 ❍ 24 (3 x 8) 298 x 127 95 - K993.1 17430 x 30 ❒ 12 (2 x 6) 318 x 111 67 - YA99.1 17830 x 30 ❒ 16 (4 x 4) 144 x 144 102 127 HX02.1 18431 x 31 ❒ 16 (4 x 4) - 30 - Y037.2 18531 x 31 ❒ 16 (4 x 4) - 65 - Y038.2 18531 x 31 ❒ 24 (3 x 8) 300 x 110 85 - K833.1 17532 x 32 ❒ 9 (3 x 3) 109 x 109 84 - H543.1 17532 x 32 ❒ 24 (3 x 8) 285 x 110 83 - 7492.1 175∅ 36 ❍ 12 (2 x 6) 275 x 100 80 - 5416.1 177
Hole-inner measurements (mm) Hole-shape Number of holes Dimensions L x W (mm) Height (mm) Height with cap (mm) Art. No. Page
GB_01_LaborglasVerbrmaterial_T3.fm Seite 173 Dienstag, 14. Januar 2014 8:14 08
Ear protection
Work Safety Act for the prevention of noise and vibration (March 2007) instruct the employer to provide the employee with suitable ear protection when exposure to noise exceeds 80 dB(A). Individual ear protection must be used when exposure to noise has reached or exceeds 85 dB(A).
Attenuation values of ear protection products:
Art. No. H-value M-value L-value SNR-value Page
Ear plugs:0245.1 30 24 22 28 531C493.1 32 29 29 33 531EH62.1 f. 37 31 27 34 531EH64.1 f. 27 22 20 25 534HE94.1 27 24 22 27 534HE97.1 f. 36 34 34 37 533HE99.1 f. 33 30 29 33 533K130.1 30 24 22 28 533P907.1 34 32 31 35 534T210.1 37 34 31 37 532X556.1/Y868.1 32 29 29 33 531Y861.1 f. 34 32 31 35 532KA60.1 35 32 30 35 531KP16.1 34 32 31 35 532KP17.1 26 18 12 22 532KN21.1 f. 36 35 34 37 531TE80.1 f. 33 28 25 32 533TE82.1 25 17 10 20 533XA38.1 f. 32 28 26 32 534XC88.1 f. 28 23 19 26 530Ear plugs on band:1029.1 under the chinbehind the headover the head
exxentric press, sawmill100 Metal processing work, compressor,
pressroom and stamping90 Belt grinders, milling seaming machines,
welding shops, heavy goods vehicles80 Heavy traffic, vacuum cleaner,
lawnmower, EDP printerAnnoying
70 Cars, shouting, kitchen mixers60 Normal radio music, normal conversation50 Running tap water, typewriter Safe40 Quiet radio music30 Ticking of alarm clock, whispering20 Breathing, fine rain10 Rustling leaft
Ear muffs or ear plugs?
It is not possible to say that the one is better than the other, but it is rather a question of what is more suitable under individual working conditions. Ear plugs are usually used for protection against long-term noise (weight!), ear muffs for short-term noise and both of them together for protection against extreme short-term noise.
Past experience has shown, however, that comfort (i.e. handling) and hygiene have always played a major role when selecting the correct protection.In order to encourage the wearing of ear protection, we recommend giving the employees the possibility to choose.
The ear protection is insulated to max. 20-40 dB(A), depending on frequency, material and anatomy. To achieve a higher level of insulation, the ear protection plugs and capsules can be combined. Ear protection plugs can be used for noise levels of up to 115 dB(A) (refer to manufacturer's information). Combinations of plugs and capsules are suitable for higher noise levels.
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T1.fm Seite 530 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:29 09
Skin protection
Skin protection
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Dualin® cream P332.1 x x xHand protection Rotiprotect®
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HERWEDERM PROTECT SENSITIVE
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HERWESAN ALL-IN-ONE
KN04.1 x x x x
HERWE EMULSION KN05.1 x xHERWESAN UV KN06.1 x x xLINDESA® YY19.1 x x xPhysio® UV 30 P346.1 x xPhysioderm® proGlove
AH81.1.f x x
Saniwip® C785.1 x x x x xSilicoderm® F 4140.1 x x x xSkin protection- and skin care creams Mono-Dermin
T051.1 x xx x x x x xT052.1
Skin protection foamMarly Skin®
2938.3f x x x x x x x
Sineprint 2987.1 x x x
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T1.fm Seite 538 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:29 09
Skin care
For stressed skin
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Baktolan® Iotion L297.1 x x x xCura Soft Y866.1 x x x xcUrea soft LP24.1 x x x xMono-Dermin skin protection and care creams
T051.1 x x x x xT052.1 x x x x
Rotiprotect® skin protection cream 0543.1 x x x x
HERWE CURA KN06.1 x x x x xHERWE MIELOSAN YT49.1 x x xPhysioderm® cream
4671.1 x x x x x
ROTIDERM® A 1930.1 x xROTIDERM® unscented
5535.1 x x x
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T1.fm Seite 541 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:29 09
Skin cleansing
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YT48.1f x x x
HERWE FRESH ANTIDOR wash/shower gel
YT46.1 x x x
Majola® cleanser lotion 1548.1 x x x x xplum wipes moist hand wipes CK45.1 x
x x xCK46.1 x
BIP liquid soap 0819.1f x xSkin cleanser pH-neutral CK41.1f x x xStellisept® med X668.1f x x x x xTopscrub® NATURE AH82.1 x x x
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T1.fm Seite 543 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:29 09
Skin disinfection
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Disinfectant spray Cutasept® F AK64.1f x x x xSofta-Man® XP54.1ff x x xSofta-Man® ViscoRub XP55.1ff x x xSterillium® L276.1ff x x xSterillium® Antiseptic wipes T037.1 x x xSterillium® classic pure EH72.1ff x x xSterillium® Virugard L313.1ff x x
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T1.fm Seite 546 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:29 09
Disposable gloves
Guidelines on Personal Protective Equipment 89/686/EWG
Identification of protective gloves via Cat. I, II or III pictographs:
Minimal risk Low protection requirements
Medium risk Protection against e.g. mechanical hazards
High risk Protection against irreversible damages and fatal hazards, e.g. damage caused by chemicals.
European Standards for protective gloves:
EN 374 Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organismsEN 388 Protective gloves against mechanical risk EN 407 Protective gloves against thermal riskEN 420 General requirements for glovesEN 421 Gloves for protection against ionising radiation and radioactive
contaminationEN 455 Medical gloves for single useEN 511 Protective gloves against the coldEN 1082 Protective clothing, gloves and protective sleeves for protection against
cuts and stab injuries caused by pocket knivesEN 1149 Protective clothing against electrostaticsEN 12477 Protective gloves for welders
AQL-value: Statistical procedure for quality analysis.
Identification of protective gloves via standardized pictographs:
Protection against mechanical hazards
Protection against chemical hazards
Waterproof protective gloves and low protection against chemical hazards
Protection against bacteriological contamination
Protection against radioactive contamination
Protection against cold
Protection against heat and flames
Commodity goods which are safe to come in contact with food
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T1.fm Seite 553 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:29 09
Chemical protection gloves
Resistance against chemicals - protective gloves
Material Butyl Chloroprene (Neoprene) Latex PE-spec.
Level / Permeation timeLevel 1 >10 min Level 3 >60 min Level 5 >240 min n/r: no recommendation available to dateLevel 2 >30 min Level 4 >120 min Level 6 >480 min n.t.: not tested
This table is meant as a guideline when selecting the correct chemical protection gloves. All information is based on EN 374. Permeation is the molecular penetration through the glove material.The time required by the chemical to permeate is listed in levels.
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T2.fm Seite 566 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:59 09
Level / Permeation timeLevel 1 >10 min Level 3 >60 min Level 5 >240 min n/r: no recommendationLevel 2 >30 min Level 4 >120 min Level 6 >480 min n.t.: not testet
Attention:The information in the table was established under laboratory conditions (new gloves, no additional mechanical strain, room temperature). As the conditions in everyday practical use often vary from the above conditions, the information in only meant as a guideline when choosing suitable chemical protection gloves. The table does not replace the need for suitability tests to be carried out by the end consumer. For this reason Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG will not be held responsible and/or accept liability in connection with the information in the above list.
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T2.fm Seite 567 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:59 09
Chemical protection gloves
Resistance against chemicals-protective gloves
This table is meant as a guideline when selecting the correct chemical protection gloves. All information is based on EN 374. Permeation is the molecular penetration through the glove material.The time required by the chemical to permeate is listed in levels.
Attention:The information in the table was established under laboratory conditions (new gloves, no additional mechanical strain, room temperature). As the conditions in everyday practical use often vary from the above conditions, the information in only meant as a guideline when choosing suitable chemical protection gloves. The table does not replace the need for suitability tests to be carried out by the end consumer. For this reason Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG will not be held responsible and/or accept liability in connection with the information in the above list.
Permeation time (Level):Level 1 >10 min Level 4 >120 min n.r. = no recommendationLevel 2 >30 min Level 5 >240 min available to dateLevel 3 >60 min Level 6 >480 min n.t. = not tested
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T2.fm Seite 571 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:59 09
Cut resistant gloves
Cut-resistant glovesThe cut-resistant gloves are controlled according to EN Standard 388 (mechanical risks). This standard defines four tests and determines the level. The levels illustrate the efficiency of a glove.
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T2.fm Seite 574 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 3:18 15
Cold resistant gloves
Cold protection glovesTested according to EN 511 standard (gloves for protection against the cold). This applies to all gloves designed for protection of the hand against convective and contact cooling to -50 °C. The standard defines three performance indicators in conjunction with specific protective properties.
A: Resistance to convective cooling (performance levels 0-4)Thermal insulation against through-cooling, measured by convection transfer.
B: Contact cooling (performance levels 0-4)Thermal insulation of the glove material in direct contact with a cold object.
C: Waterproofing (0 or 1)The test for water-tightness is voluntary. 0 = water penetration1 = no water penetrationX = the glove was not submitted for testing, or the test or test method is not appropriate or irrelevant.
Cold protection gloves
Art. No.Performance indicators according to EN 511A B C
In addition all gloves must achieve at least performance level 1 for abrasive resistance and tear strength according to EN 388 (protection against mechanical risks).
Performance indicators according to EN 388 Art. No. Abrasive
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T2.fm Seite 582 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:59 09
Heat resistant gloves
Heat protection glovesTested according to EN 407 standard (gloves for protection against the thermal risks). The standard defines six performance indicatorsin conjunction with specific protective properties andperformance levels from 0-4.
A: FlammabilityB: Contact heatC: Convective heatD: Radiation heatE: Small amounts of molten metal spatterF: Small amounts of liquid metal
Heat protection gloves
Art. No.Performance indicators
A B C D E F0745.1 4 2 2 2 x x6584.1ff. x 2 x x x xALA1.1ff. x 1 x x x xALA3.1ff. x 1 x x x xAPX6.1ff. 4 1 3 4 4 4H297.1ff. 4 3 4 2 x xHE74.1 4 3 x 2 x xHE75.1 4 4 x 2 2 4HE76.1 4 4 x 2 1 xLY89.1ff. x 2 x x x xTT82.1 4 1 3 4 4 4TT84.1ff. 4 2 4 3 x xTX89.1 4 3 4 3 x xXE56.1 4 1 3 x 4 xXY15.1 3 2 x x x xY351.1ff. x 2 4 2 x xY431.1ff. 4 2 4 1 x x
In addition, all gloves must achieve at least performance level 1 for abrasive resistance and tear strength according to EN 388 (protection against mechanical risks).
Performance indicators according to EN 388 Art. No. Abrasive
resistanceCutting
resistanceTear
resistancePenetration
force0138.1ff. 1 x 1 x0145.1ff. 1 x 1 x0745.1 1 x 2 x6584.1ff. 1 x 1 xH297.1ff. 4 x 1 xHE74.1 1 5 4 xHE75.1 2 3 x xHE76.1 1 x 2 2LY89.1ff. 3 2 3 2TT81.1 1 x 2 xTT82.1 4 x 4 xTT84.1ff. 1 4 4 1TX89.1 2 4 4 2XE56.1 3 2 4 3Y351.1ff. 2 2 4 1Y431.1ff. 1 4 4 1XY15.1 3 2 3 2
GB_04_Arbeitsschutz_T2.fm Seite 585 Montag, 19. Januar 2015 9:59 09
Thermometer, digital
Overview - Digital ThermometersMeasurement range (°C)
Resolution (°C)
Accuracy (°C)
Features Art. No. Page
-10 to +50 0.1 ±1 Solar thermometer, Min/Max-storage KT83.1 714-10 to +200 1 ±1 Thermometers with timer function X256.1 718-20 to +55 0.1 ±0.4 °C and rF data logger; memory with capacity for 1 mill. measured values; data readout via PC or SD card PH32.1 727-20 to +50 0,1 ±1 Refrigerator thermometer TA56.1 716-20 to +50 0.1 ±1 Min/Max-temperature values; Suitable for inside and outside; Splashproof CK39.1 715-20 to +70 0.1 ±0.5 °C- and rF data logger with display for 16000 measured values NA07.1 727-30 to +70 0.1 ±1 Digital fridge/freezer thermometer with stand PE75.1 716-30 to +60 0.1 ±1 °C and rF data logger with wireless sensor; connectivity for 8 transmitters PL21.1 728-30 to +70 0.1 ±0.5 °C data logger with display for 16000 measured values NA06.1 727-30 to +220 0.1 ±0.5 / 1% Folding thermometer for core temperature and random measurement PE63.1 719-30 to +220 0.1 ±1.5 to ±2 or 2 % Non-contact thermometer with hold and lock function Y400.1 730-32 to +44 0.1 ±1 to ±2 Fever thermometer for the measurement of body temperature in humans and animals PY79.1 717-33 to +500 0.1 and 1.0 ±2 or ±2 % Infrared thermometer with thermocouple inlet and pistol handle CH99.1 730-35 to +55 0.1 ±0.5 °C data logger; memory with capacity for 1 mill. measured values; data readout via PC or SD card PH31.1 727-35 to +365 0.1 and 1 ±2 to ±2 % Infrared thermometer with measuring spot marking and pistol grip LY46.1 730-35 to +950 0.1 ±0.75 to ±0.75 % Infrared thermometer with thermocoupe input, laser cross and memory HH65.1 731-40 to +65 0.1 ±1 Wireless transmission of outer temperature, min/max memory LP27.1 713-30 to +70 0.1 ±1 Wireless transmission of measured values HY40.1 713-40 to +60 0.1 ±1 Wireless transmission of measured values; Min/Max storage with time data HL18.1 713-40 to +70 0,1 ±1 to ±2 Inner-/outer thermometer Rotilabo® YE41.1 714-40 to +70 0.1 ±1 Solar-operated indoor/outdoor thermometer, Min/Max-storage KT84.1 714-40 to +70 0.1 ±0.5 to ±1 For monitoring refrigerators KA32.1 716-40 to +70 0.1 ±0.5 to ±1 °C data logger with integrated USB port for 60000 measured values CCE2.1 726-40 to +200 0.1 ±0.5 to ±1.5 With Min/Max storage and limit value alarm; IP 65 KA33.1 716-40 to +200 0.1 ±0.5 to ±1 Min/Max-storage, display lighting N359.1 722-40 to +200 0.1 ±0.8 to ±1 Insertion thermometer with revolving display, Min/Max-display AK16.1 718-40 to +200 0.1 ±1 to ±1.5 Penetration thermometer with HOLD-, Min- and Max-function T332.1 717-40 to +250 0.1 ±0,5 to ±1 or 1 % Penetration thermometer with min/max function, water and dustproof acc. to IP 67 LN45.1 717-40 to +250 0,1 ±0.5 Folding thermometer for core temperature and random measurement TA94.1 719-40 to +550 1 ±2 Suitable for use with different K-Type-probes 5855.1 719-50 to +60 0.1 ±1 Inner-/outer thermometer Min/Max-storage AN34.1 714-50 to +70 0.1 ±0.3 to ±0.5 For monitoring refrigerators Y238.1 717-50 to +70 0.1 ±1 Inner-/outer thermometer, Min/Max-storage CH86.1 715-50 to +70 0.1 ±1.5 Thermometer with timer-function and temperature trend Y845.1 713-50 to +70 0.1 ±1 Indoor-/outdoor thermometer, officially calibrated with certificate EH47.1 715-50 to +70 0.1 ±1 to ±2 Inner-/outer thermometer with limit value alarm, Min/Max-display HA34.1 715-50 to +125 0.1 ±0.5 to ±1 °C data logger with display for 60000 measured values. Connection of external sensor NA22.1 728-50 to +150 0.1 ±0.3 to ±0.5 Test function, high measuring accuracy G001.1 720-50 to +150 0.1 ±0.2 or ±0.4 Precision-NTC-thermometer with acoustic limit value alarm EL54.1 725-50 to +150 0.1 ±0.3 to ±0.5 Test function, high measuring accuracy G002.1 720-50 to +220 0.1 to 1 ±0.3 or ±0.4 % Pocket thermometer with self-diagnosis function T235.1 718-50 to +200 0.1 ±1 Penetration probe thermometer A321.1 718-50 to +250 0,1 ±0,5 to ±2,5 Penetration probe and infrared thermometer for core and surface temperature measurement XK00.1 729-50 to +250 0.1 ±0.5 to ±1/1 % Folding thermometer for core temperature and random measurement with Min/Max-function PE64.1 719-50 to +300 0.1 ±0.2 to ±0.3 Calibrated, PTB-approved for official check measurements EH93.1 726-50 to +300 0.5 ±1.5 to ±2 Like P854.1, but with laser spot marker P855.1 729-50 to +1000 0.1 to 1 ±0.5 to ±0.7 /
±0.3 % to ±0.5 %An extensive range of accessories is available; Min/Max-function; with lighting EH73.1 724
-50 to +1350 0.1 to 1 ±0.2 % Suitable for use with different K-Type-probes, Min/Max-display HA65.1 721-60 to +1000 0.1 to 1 ±2 or ±2 % Infrared thermometer with thermocouple input and double laser KA38.1 730-64 to +1370 0.1 ±1 or ±1 % For simple temperature measurements, various K-type sensors can be connected KL30.1 720-99.9 to +850 0.1 to 1 ±0.3 to ±1.5 Pt 100-thermometer with Min/Max-function, RS 232-interface AY90.1 722-99.9 to +1370 0.1 to 1 ±0.5 Min-/Max-memory, RS 232 interface P269.1 722-100 to +800 0.1 ±0.2 to 0.2 % Pt 100-thermometer with Min/Max-function and limit value alarm EH87.1 725-200 to +250 0.1 ±0.5 °C-data logger with display for 60000 measured values. Connection of external sensor NK56.1 728-200 to +1760 0.1 ±0.1 to ±1.5 With calibrating function, can be connected either to Pt 100 probe or thermocouple X717.1 723-200 to +1760 0.1 ±0.1 to ±1.5 With calibrating function, can be connected either to Pt 100 probe or thermocouple X718.1 * 723-200 to +1760 0.01 to 0.1 ±0.03 to ±1.5 With calibrating function and extremly high accuracy X719.1 * 723-200 to +1760 0.01 to 0.1 ±0.03 to ±1.5 With calibrating function and extremly high accuracy X720.1 * 723
* Please check with our Sales Department for delivery period of these products.
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Thermometer, digital
Information on temperature measurementThere are various methods to make a temperature visible or readable:Colour reaction (e.g. with colour change crayons), defined solid or liquid extension (e.g. glass thermometers) and electric signals (e.g. digital thermometers). There are a number of sensor elements available to change the temperature values into electric signals.
Thermocouples (NiCr-Ni)Thermocouples consist of two point welded wires of different metals.The most common thermocouple is NiCr-Ni (Designation K).
Resistance sensors (Pt 100)Here the resistance change of platin resistance, which is independentof temperature, is used. The multiplier resistor is driven with a constant current and the fall of voltage measured.
Thermistors (NTC) Temperature measurement with thermistors is also based on a temperature-independent resistance change of the thermocouple. Unlike the Pt 100 thermometers, thermistors have a very negative temperature coefficient.
General rule Thermocouple probes are fast and have a large measuring range. Pt 100 and NTC probes are slower, but more precise. There is a special probe for each application, e.g. insertion probe for measuring in plastic or pasty media.
GB_07_Messgeraete_T1.fm Seite 719 Dienstag, 20. Januar 2015 12:51 12
Thermometer, digital
Information on temperature measurementThere are various methods to make a temperature visible or readable:Colour reaction (e.g. with colour change crayons), defined solid or liquid extension (e.g. glass thermometers) and electric signals (e.g. digital thermometers). There are a number of sensor elements available to change the temperature values into electric signals.
Thermocouples (NiCr-Ni)Thermocouples consist of two point welded wires of different metals.The most common thermocouple is NiCr-Ni (Designation K).
Resistance sensors (Pt 100)Here the resistance change of platin resistance, which is independentof temperature, is used. The multiplier resistor is driven with a constant current and the fall of voltage measured.
Thermistors (NTC) Temperature measurement with thermistors is also based on a temperature-independent resistance change of the thermocouple. Unlike the Pt 100 thermometers, thermistors have a very negative temperature coefficient.
General rule Thermocouple probes are fast and have a large measuring range. Pt 100 and NTC probes are slower, but more precise. There is a special probe for each application, e.g. insertion probe for measuring in plastic or pasty media.
General information on calibration and calibrating meters
Calibrated meters: Calibration of a meter is performed by the competent calibrating body. Each unit must fulfill certain criteria prior to receiving a certificate (e.g. automatic check when switched on, suitable connection for standard probes, etc.). A calibrated meter is not automatically a highly accurate unit, it must simply keep within the given tolerances. Each calibrated unit receives a seal and certificate of testing. Tests should be repeated at regular intervals.
Meters with DAkkS Certificates of Calibration: A DAkkS Certificate of Calibration is issued by a accredited testing agency (must be approved and is monitored by Deutsche Akkreditierungsstelle [German Accreditation Agency]). Meter meets national standard requirements and can be used in accordance with ISO 9000 Quality Assurance Standards.Very low preset tolerance (lower than required for works certificate).
The user of DAkkS certified meters can therefore issue internal works certificates. This is particulary of advantage in the Quality Assurance Department of larger firms where measuring instruments used in the Production Department must be tested and calibrated at specific intervals. Individual test points should be customized depending upon temperature ranges under measurement.
Meters with a Works Certificate of Calibration: A works certificate of calibration is issued after carrying out a comparison measurement with a DAkkS calibrated meter. Unit meets national standard requirements and can be used in accordance with ISO 9000 Quality Assurance Standards. Tolerance of measurement with works certificates is slightly higher than of a DAkkS certified unit. Individual test points should be customized depending upon temperture ranges under measurement.
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Choosing the right pH single-rod measuring cellDuring the pH measurement a pH single-rod measuring cell (see Fig. A) is inserted into the sample solution in such a way that the pH-sensitive glass membrane interacts with the hydrogen ions ("protons") in the sample solution. The resultant voltage potential is dependent on the concentration and is measured by the measuring instrument and converted to a pH value.
pH single-rod measuring cells are distinguished, among other things, by the reference electrolyte, the diaphragms, the shape of the glass membrane and the electrode material (glass or plastic). The sample solution dictates which electrode is most suitable for the pH measurement.
The reference electrolyte is stored inside the pH single-rod measuring cell. It is in contact with the sample solution via a special connection, the so-called diaphragm, and can flow into the sample solution in a controlled manner. Reference electrolytes are roughly subdivided into two categories - liquid electrolytes and gel electrolytes.• pH single-rod measuring cells containing liquid electrolyte have a faster
response time, greater measurement certainty and longer life. The electrolyte is refillable, but is also completely exchangeable and more heat resistant.
• pH single-rod measuring cells containing gel electrolyte incur virtually no loss of electrolyte during the measurement and do not need to be refilled. They are rugged, require little maintenance and affordable, but they are unsuitable for highly acidic/basic solutions with a low ion content.
The connection between the electrolyte and the sample solution is made in a different way. It is important that the diaphragm not become clogged by the sample solution (e.g. by viscous solutions, suspensions, aqueous samples with a high protein content), as otherwise it will not be possible to obtain a correct pH measurement. • The ceramic diaphragm has a porous structure which has a high
chemical resistance, but is highly sensitive to contamination. This diaphragm is suitable for standard measurements in aqueous solutions which are free of suspended matter.
• The platinum diaphragm consists of fine, smooth platinum wires which are twisted together and fused into the glass shaft of the pH single-rod measuring cell. The electrolyte flows out through cavities between the platinum wires. The platinum diaphragm does not clog up as quickly as the ceramic diaphragm, but it is unsuitable for sample solutions with a strong oxidising or reducing effect.
• The fibre diaphragm is similar to the platinum diaphragm, but is less chemically stable. It comprises a non-metallic fibre bundle (e.g. made of nylon) and often contains a gel electrolyte.
• The ground joint diaphragm is suitable for measuring pH in contaminated solutions, sludge, suspensions, emulsions and viscous media. The bottom section of the electrode is ground and covered by a sleeve. The electrolyte flows out from the fine gap between the shaft and sleeve at a high velocity. This also allows the pH of sample solutions with a low ion content to be measured. The diaphragm can be cleaned very easily by pushing up the sleeve.
• The hole diaphragm is a small connecting hole between the gel electrolytes and the sample medium. This diaphragm is highly resistant to clogging because it does not have a reticular structure.
Depending on application, the pH-sensitive glass membrane is shaped in a specific way (see Fig. B-F).• For standard applications, the glass membrane has either a spherical
structure (B) or a hemispherical structure (C).• For insertion measurements in semi-solid, pasty and solid samples,
the glass membrane is tapered (D).• For surface measurements and droplet-sized samples, the glass
membrane is flat (E).• For small quantities of fluid and sample solutions in narrow vessels,
there is a micro version in which the glass membrane is narrow and hemispherical (F).
Temperature compensationOne of the key factors influencing pH measurements is the temperature. For this reason, only pH values which have been measured at the same temperature should be compared with one another. In order to correlate the pH value with the actual temperature of the sample solution, temperature compensation should be carried out. The temperature can either be entered manually into the pH meter or measured automatically by an additional temperature sensor.
CalibrationA pH single-rod measuring cell is characterised by its zero point and its slope. At a pH of 7 the electrical voltage at the zero point is approx. 0 mV. The slope describes the change of voltage between two pH units. Since these characteristics change as a function of time, the sensor should be calibrated regularly using a calibration solution with a known pH. This is particularly important after cleaning, maintenance or long periods of storage of the pH electrode. To obtain more exact test results, 2-point calibration should be carried out at least once and the pH buffer solutions is use should have a pH nearest to the expected pH values.
StoragepH single-rod measuring cells are stored in an aqueous, solution with a high ion content. A solution which matches the inner electrolyte is recommended. The pH 4 buffer solution can be used as an alternative. However, pH single-rod measuring cells should never be stored in distilled water. For longer periods of storage (several weeks to months), pH single-rod measuring cells can also be stored in a dry state. The electrodes will age more slowly as a result, but the outer hydrated layer on the pH-sensitive glass membrane which forms through contact with aqueous solutions will be irreparably damaged. Therefore, pH single-rod measuring cells which have been stored in a dry state have to be wetted again prior to initial use. For this purpose, the pH single-rod measuring cell is regenerated overnight in the storage solution.
Care and maintenanceWith proper care and maintenance, pH single-rod measuring cells will deliver more exact measurement results, shorter response times and last longer.• After each measurement the electrode must be flushed with deionised
water and stored in the storage solution. If the electrode is dabbed with a paper towel, its rough surface should not come into contact with the pH-sensitive glass membrane.
• pH single-rod measuring cells containing liquid electrolyte have to be refilled. It is important that the electrolyte level does not drop below that of the sample solution because it will otherwise flow into the electrode.
• To prevent crystallisation of the electrolyte, the electrolyte should be completely exchanged on a regular basis.
• If air bubbles form inside the measuring cell, they can be removed by carefully shaking the electrode. Air trapped in the vicinity of the glass membrane leads to unstable measurement values.
• If the electrodes or the diaphragm are contaminated, various cleaning solutions can be used.
Useful lifeThe pH single-rod measuring cell is a consumable subject to diminishing performance over time. Its useful life is considerably reduced by high temperatures (>50 °C) and measurements at extreme pH values in particular. However, the type of sample solution, duration and frequency of measurement and, not least, electrode maintenance are also factors which influence the useful life of the measuring cell. Ageing symptoms include longer response time, decreasing slope and zero shift.
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