Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents INTRODUCTION Tamazight: The Language of Free People..............................................................1 Learning Tamazight.....................................................................................................1 Transcription of Tamazight ..................................................................................... 2 GREETING Greeting ........................................................................................................................ 8 Personal Pronouns ...................................................................................................... 11 Possessive Pronouns .................................................................................................. 11 Masculine and Feminine Nouns .............................................................................. 12 The verb "TO HAVE" ............................................................................................. 13 Practice ....................................................................................................................... 14 PERSONAL INFORMATION Nationalities, Cities and Marital Status ............................................................. 15 The verb "TO BE"..................................................................................................... 18 Independent Pronouns ............................................................................................. 19 The Possessive word "win/tin" ............................................................................. 20 Practice ...................................................................................................................... 22 USEFUL EXPRESSIONS Mealtime expressions ............................................................................................. 25 Thanking expressions ............................................................................................. 26 Expressions for night time/sleeping .................................................................. 26 Hygiene/cleanliness expressions ......................................................................... 26 Offering help/ Asking for favors ....................................................................... 27 Asking for Permissions ........................................................................................... 27 Being Sick .................................................................................................................. 27 Transportation Expressions.................................................................................. 27 Apologies and Responses ....................................................................................... 28 Congratulations ........................................................................................................ 28 Communications ........................................................................................................ 28 NUMERALS Cardinal numbers ..................................................................................................... 29 Ordinal Numbers / Fractions ............................................................................... 32 Fractions.................................................................................................................... 33 Time ............................................................................................................................ 34 Practice ...................................................................................................................... 36
235
Embed
Table of ContentsTable of Contents - LIVE LINGUA Textbook 2007.pdf · 1 Tamazight TAMAZIGHT THE LANGUAGE OF THE FREE PEOPLE. Tamazight, referred to as “Berber” in most western
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of Contents
INTRODUCTION
Tamazight: The Language of Free People..............................................................1
GLOSSARY OF VERBS ...................................................................................................207
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
Nom du document : TAMAZIGHT Table of Contents 2007 Répertoire : C:\Documents and
Settings\Administrateur\Bureau\Tamazight calque Modèle : C:\Documents and Settings\Administrateur\Application
Data\Microsoft\Modèles\Normal.dot Titre : Sujet : Auteur : Mots clés : Commentaires : Date de création : 27/11/2007 10:45:00 N° de révision : 2 Dernier enregistr. le : 27/11/2007 10:45:00 Dernier enregistrement par : Temps total d'édition : 0 Minutes Dernière impression sur : 27/08/2008 21:34:00 Tel qu'à la dernière impression Nombre de pages : 4 Nombre de mots : 488 (approx.) Nombre de caractères : 2 687 (approx.)
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
1 � Tamazight
TAMAZIGHT THE LANGUAGE OF THE FREE PEOPLE.
Tamazight, referred to as “Berber” in most western countries, actually refers to
a group of widely varied dialects spoken across a much of North Africa. The
word “Tamazight” is derived from the word “Berbers” use to refer to
themselves, “AMAZIGH”. Over 3000 years old, today the varieties of Tamazight
are spoken by an estimated 11 million people.
Morocco is home to three dialects of the Tamazight family: Tamazight,
TashlHeet and Tarifit. Tarifit is prevalent in the Northern Rif region,
Tamazight is found in Eastern High Atlas and Tafilalt valley region, and
TashlHeet covers an area from Marrakesh to Agadir and much of the Saharan
region. In between each of these regions you will find a gradual mix of the
dialects, making it very difficult to determine where one dialect begins and
another ends.
LEARNING TAMAZIGHT.
Even under the best conditions, learning a new language can be challenging. Add
to this challenge the rigors of Peace Corps training, and you are faced with what
will be one of the most demanding _and rewarding_ aspects of your Peace Corps
experience: learning to communicate to Moroccans in their own language. But it
can be done. And rest assured that you can do it. Here are a few reasons why:
• You are immersed in the language: some people may need to hear a word
three times to remember it; others may need thirty. Learning Tamazight
while living and training with Moroccans gives you the chance to hear the
language used again and again.
• You have daily language classes with Moroccan teachers: you are not only
immersed in the language; you also have the opportunity to receive feedback
from native speakers on the many questions that predictably crop up when
one learns a new language.
• Peace Corps has over forty years of experience in Morocco: your
training, including this manual, benefits from the collective experience
gained by training thousands of Americans to live and work in Morocco. You
will benefit from and contribute to that legacy. Despite these advantages,
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
2 � Peace Corps/Morocco
at times you may still feel like the task of learning Tamazight is too much to
handle. Remember that Volunteers like toy having been doing it for decades,
however. One of the most rewarding aspects of your time will be communicating
with Tamazight, surprising them and yourself with how well you know the
language. When that time arrives, your hard work will have been worth it.
TRANSCRIPTION OF TAMAZIGHT.
In order for trainees to move quickly into Tamazight, Peace Corps uses a
system of transcription that substitutes characters of the Latin alphabet (a, b,
c, d, …) for characters from Arabic script ،أ، ب، ت، ج..(. ). With this system, it
isn’t necessary for a trainee to learn all of Arabic script before he or she begins
to learn to the language. On the contrary, once you became familiar with the
system, of transcription, you will be able to “read” and “write” Tamazight fairly
quickly-using characters you are familiar with. You will also learn Arabic script
during training, but with transcription it isn’t necessary to know it right away.
Throughout the book, therefore, you will always see both the Arabic script and
the transcription. Becoming familiar with the Peace Corps’ system of
transcription is one of the best things you can do, early on, to help yourself
learn Tamazight. Practicing the different sounds of Tamazight until you can
reproduce them is another. This introduction is intended mainly to help you get
started the system with of transcription, and as a result it will mention only
briefly the different sounds of Tamazight.
Sounds you already know.
The large majority of consonants in Tamazight are similar to sounds that you
have in English. The vowels in Tamazight are similar to English vowels. In the
following table, each transcription character that represents a sound you
already know will be explained. The sounds are not necessarily what you may
expect, but each character was matched with a sound or good reasons.
Transcription
Character
Arabic
Character Description
a ة/ ى / _/ ا Sometimes the /ä/ in “father,”
sometimes the /a/ in “mad”
b ب the normal English sound /b/
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
3 � Tamazight
d د the normal English sound /d/
e ا /_
the short “e” sound /e/ as in “met” (this
transcription character is not used often,
only when confusion would be caused by
using the transcription character “a”)
f ف the normal English sound /f/
g گ the normal English sound /g/ as in “go”
h ه the normal English sound /h/ as in “hi.”
i ي /_ the long “ee” sound /ē/ as in “meet”
j ج the /zh/ sound represented by the ‘s’ in
“pleasure”
k ك the normal English sound /k/
l ل the normal English sound /l/
m م the normal English sound /m/
n ن the normal English sound /n/
o و
the long “o” sound /ō/ as in “bone” (this
transcription character is not used often,
mainly for French words that have entered
Tamazight)
p پ the normal English sound /p/
r
ر
This is not the normal English “r,” but a
“flap” similar to the Spanish “r” or to the
sound Americans make when they quickly
say “gotta” as in “I gotta go.”
s س the normal English sound /s/
t ت the normal English sound /t/
u و the long “oo” sound /ü/ as in “food”
v ڤ the normal English sound /v/
w و the normal English sound /w/
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
4 � Peace Corps/Morocco
y ي the normal English sound /y/
z ز the normal English sound /z/
š ش the normal English sound /sh/ as in “she”
Some vowel combinations
ay ـ ي the “ay” as in “say”
au ـ و the “ow” as in “cow”
iu "#ـ the “ee you” as in “see you later”
New sounds.
There are eight consonants in Tamazight that you do not have in English. It may
take you some time to be able to pronounce these correctly. At this point, what’s
important is that you learn the transcription of these sounds.
Transcription
Character
Arabic
Character
Sound
d ض $The Tamazight
emphatic “d”
s ص $The Tamazight
emphatic “s”
t$ ط The Tamazight
emphatic “t”
These sounds are pronounced
like their non-emphatic
counterparts, but with a
lower pitch and a greater
tension in the tongue and
throat.
q ق Like the English /k/ but pronounced further back
in the throat
x خ Like the ‘ch’ in the German “Bach;” some people
use this sound to say yech!
ā غ Like the x sound above, but pronounced using your
voice box; similar to the French “r”
н ح Like the English “h,” except pronounce deep in
the throat as a loud raspy whisper.
ع ع
This sound will be difficult at first. It can be
approximated by pronouncing the ‘a’ in “fat” with
the tongue against the bottom of the mouth and
from as deep in the throat as possible
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
5 � Tamazight
Shedda.
If you see a transcription character doubled, that means that a “shedda”
is over that character in the Arabic script. For example, in the following table,
you will see how the transcription changes for “shedda”, and thus the
pronunciation.
Notice that these two verbs are spelled differently in the transcription.
The verb “to drink” does not have a shedda on the “s” in Arabic script, and that’s
why there is only one “s” in the transcription. The verb “to water” does have a
shedda in the Arabic script, and that is why the transcription doubles the letter
“s”. These two verbs are pronounced differently, so you must pay attention
to doubled letters in the transcription.
English
Translation
Transcription Arabic Script
To drink su "ـ%
To water ssu "ـ%
This small character,
which looks like a “w,”
is the shedda. That is
why the transcription
has a doubled “s”.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
6 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Other symbols.
Sometimes, you will see a hyphen used in the transcription: it indicates
the definite article. For some letters, the definite article (the word “the”) is
made by adding the letter “L”. For others, it is made by doubling the first letter.
In both cases, a hyphen will be used to indicate to you that the word has the
definite article in front of it. See page xxx for more information on the definite
article.
In these instances, the hyphen does not necessarily indicate a change in
pronunciation. The hyphen is there to make it easy for you to see when a
definite article is being used, for example. It is a visual indicator, not an
indicator or pronunciation. Sometimes the rhythm of speech may seem to break
with the hyphen; other times the letters before and after the hyphen will be
pronounced together.
Another symbol you will sometimes see is the apostrophe (‘). When you
see an apostrophe, it indicates a “glottal stop”, which is the break between
vowels as heard in the English exclamation “uh oh”. That is to say, if you see an
apostrophe you should not connect the sounds before the apostrophe with the
sounds after the apostrophe. Pronounce them with a break in the middle.
Words and syllables without vowels.
Sometimes you will see syllables or even whole words without any vowels
written in them. This is normal in Tamazight. To the English speaker, however,
this seems impossible, since we have always been taught that all words must
contain a vowel sound. Which side is correct? Well, in a sense they both are. In
reality, it is indeed possible to pronounce consonants together without
articulating a vowel sound; you do it a lot in English at the beginning of words.
Think about the word “street”. You pronounce these consonants (s, t, and r)
without any vowels between them. So it is possible. The only challenge with
Tamazight is that the consonant combinations are new for English speakers (you
don’t put the /sh/ sound next to the /m/ sound, for example, but in Tamazight
we do.
However, try for a moment to pronounce only the letters “str”, not the
whole word “street”. In this case, most English speakers will hear something
that sounds like the word “stir”, with certain consonant combinations, that is to
say, it sound to the English speaker like there is a vowel in the middle, even if
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
7 � Tamazight
there isn’t. The “vowel” is in reality just the normal sound made as one consonant
sounds transitions to another.
Part o learning Tamazight is becoming comfortable with new consonants
combinations and practicing those combinations without necessarily placing a
vowel in the middle. The transcription words, you will notice, only include
characters for vowels when there really is a vowel in the word. It may seem
difficult at first, but it is better to accustom yourself to this as early as you
can.
Why not just write “sh”.
A final point about the transcription. At times it may seem overly
complicated to someone beginning Tamazight. For example, why doesn’t it just
use “sh” for the /sh/ sound? The answer is this: well, in Tamazight it is normal
for the /h/ sound to follow the /s/ sound. If we use the “sh” to represent /sh/
sound, there would not be any way to represent /s/ plus /h/ sound, because it
possible to represent /s/ plus /h/ and /sh/ plus /h/ (yes, in Tamazight both
these combinations are used).
All of this concerns a larger point: the transcription system used in this
book may appear complex at first, but it has been carefully thought out and
in the end it is the easiest system possible. That said, the sooner you can make
the transition to reading Arabic script, the easier it will be to pronounce
Tamazight correctly.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
8 � Peace Corps/Morocco
GREETING
Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Greet people and introduce yourself.
Cultural points.
Greetings and farewells (good byes) are two important aspects of Moroccan life.
Greetings are not to be compared with the quick American “HI”. It takes time
for two people to exchange different questions and answers which interest them
about each other, their families, and life in general. Greetings change from one
region to another, both in the questions posed and in the fashion of the greeting
(i.e. shaking hands, kissing cheeks head or hands, or putting one’s hand over one’s
heart after shaking hands).
If you greet a group of people, then the way you greet the first person is the
way you should greet everyone in the group. Don’t be surprised if you are
greeted by a friend but he does not introduce you to other people with whom he
may be talking. Do not be surprised if you are in a group and you are not greeted
as others are in the group (people may be shy to greet a stranger.) It is also not
necessary to give an overly detailed response to a greeting—only the usual
response is expected. For example, “How are you?” requires only a simple “Fine,
thanks be to God.”
How do people greet each other in
different cultures?
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
9 � Tamazight
Greeting expressions and appropriate responses.
A: Peace be upon you
B: And peace be upon you (too)
s-salamu عlaykum
wa عlaykum s-salam
Κ۷�Ǒ� مҟ ẇ₢ا ҟم ẇ₢ا Κ۷�Ǒو�
A: Good morning
B: Good morning
s $$baH l-xir
s $baH l-xir
���ح ا����
A: Good afternoon / evening
B: Good afternoon / evening
ms l-xir
ms l-xir
�� ا����
A: May God help you
B: And peace be with you
lla yعawn
lla ysllm
ا� ���ون
ΚǑẇ� ا�
How are you? mayd tعnit ����� ����
How are you doing? mayd dis tعnit ������ د�� ���
Good, thanks be to God labas, l-Hamdullah �� ا₢ � ₢��س
It’s fine tga lman ن��تگا ₢
Goodbye (I leave you in peace)
qim as g lman ن��اس گ ₢ "�Κ
Goodbye (You go in peace) tmunt d wayd$ ���$#� د وا�
Name ism Κ%إ
What is your name? mismnk? ' ��ẇ�
My name is … isminu … $��%إ
Your name is … (m) ismnk ' إ%��
Your name is … (f) ismnm Κ��%إ
His/Her name is … ismns ���%إ
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
Chris: isminu Chris. i kiy? كريس إسمينو كريس إ كي؟:
Moha: isminu Moha. سمينوإ موحا :موحا
Chris: qim as g lman. مانل :كريس قم اس گ
Moha: tmunt d wayd$. موحا تمونت د وايض:
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
11 � Tamazight
GRAMMATICAL POINTS
PERSONAL PRONOUNS;
I nk, nkkin ( �۷# / ' #
You (masculine singular) Kiy, kyyin ( آ�� / * آ
You (feminine singular) Km, kmmin �آ( � / Κآ
He ntta �+#
She nttat ت�+#
We nkni * �۷#
You (masculine plural) knni * آ�
You (feminine plural) knnimti �آ�* +�
They (masculine) nitni #�* �+
They (feminine) nitnti #�* +�+
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.
In Tamazight, a suffix (ending) may be added to the end of words in order to
express possession. It’s a combination of a pronoun and the preposition “n” (of).
Singular Plural
My _nu / inu * $ـ��$/ ـ� Our _nā 1ـ�
Your (m) _nk ' ـ�$ن Your (m) _nun ـ�
Your (f) _nm Κـ� Your (f) _nknt ��۷#
His _ns ـ�� Their (m) _nsn ( ẇـ�
Her _ns ـ�� Their (f) _nsnt ��ẇـ�
*For the personal possessive “my” ( _nu) is used for words ending in vowels, while
( _inu) is used for words ending in consonants.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
12 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Examples:
House taddart ارتتد My house taddartinu رتينواتد
Your house (m, s) taddartnk ارتنكتد Your house (f, s) taddartnm ارتنمتد His house taddartns ارتنستد Her house taddartns ارتنستد Our house taddartnā ارتنغتد Your house (m, p) taddartnun ارتنونتد Your house (f, p) taddartnknt ارتنكنتتد Their house (m) taddartnsn ارتنسنتد Their house (f) taddartnsnt ارتنسنتتد
MASCULINE AND FEMININE NOUNS.
• The masculine form.
In general, all nouns beginning with “a”, “i”, or “u” are masculine.
Rooster afullus سأ$Ǒ3
Berber man amaziā 4�5أ�
Tongue ils �₢إ
Fly izi إزي
Face udm ودمأ
Heart ul ولأ
• Feminine nouns.
Generally, all nouns beginning with “t” are feminine.
Carpet tazrbit ��95ر�
Sun tafuyt ��$;�
Salt tisnt ��ẇ�
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
13 � Tamazight
Darkness tillas �ҟس�
Berber woman tamaziāt �<�5��
Female sheep tili * Ǒ��
Wedding tamāra ا�<��
Edge tama ���
THE VERB “TO HAVE” (āur).
In Tamazight, there is no infinitive form of the verb “to have” (āur), but it is
nevertheless conjugated as such:
I have āuri ري$=
You (m, s) have āurk رك$=
You (f, s) have āurm رم$=
He / She has āurs رس$=
We have āurnā 1#ر$=
You (m, p) have āurun رون$=
You (f, p) have āurknt آ�� =$ر
They (m) have āursn ( =$ر%
They (f) have āursnt ��%ر$=
To make the negative form in Tamazight we usually add the prefix “ur.”
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
14 � Peace Corps/Morocco
PRACTICE
Exercise 1: use the following words with the appropriate possessive pronoun
suffix.
Book l-ktab لكتابا Cow tafunast تفوناست Fields igran رانگإ
1. Your (f, p) book. 5. Your (f, s) fields.
2. Their (m) cow. 6. Our book.
3. My fields. 7. Your (m, p) fields.
4. Her book. 8. Their (f) cow.
Exercise 2: fill in the blanks using the appropriate form of the verb
“TO HAVE”.
1. Ali and Fatima ______ three cats.
1. Ali d fatima __________ krad$ imaššun.
______ علي د فاطمة . 1.كراض إماشون
2. I ______ 25 years old.
2. nk __________ 25 amع
. عام25_________ نك . 2
3. Do you _____ some water please?
3. is __________ kan waman (عafak) saHHa ?
كان ومان ________ إس . 3صحا؟) عفاك(
4. The girls of the country _____ beautiful eyes.
4. tirbatin n tmazirt __________ aln iHlan
تيرباتين ن تمازيرت . 4.ألن إحالن________
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
15 � Tamazight
PERSONAL INFORMATION Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Ask and answer questions about nationalities, cities, age, and
marital status.
Cultural points.
Avoid asking about the salary and age (sometimes) of people, especially
women. Men should not enquire about the wives or other female relations of
someone this could be seen as expressing an inappropriate interest. People won’t
always tell you about their jobs and other personal concerns if not asked.
Religion can be a sensitive issue and sometimes people are not willing to express
their views.
Vocabulary and expressions:
Where are you (m) from? umi ay tgit? يت؟تگ يأمي أ
Where are you (f) from? utmi ay tgit? ؟ يتتگ يأتمي أ
I am from the US. giā sg mirikan. مريكانگ سيغ گ
I am American. giā amirikani (m)
tamirikanit(f)
تمريكانيت / امريكانييغگ
I am from Morocco. giā sg l-mārib. المغربگ س يغگ
I am Moroccan. giā amāribi
giā tamāribit
امغربييغگ تمغريبيتيغگ
Are you …? is tgit …? ؟ يتتگس ٳ
Are you from the US ? is tgit sg mirikan? مريكان؟گ سيتتگس ٳ
Where are you from in the US?
ma sg tgit g mirikan? مريكان؟گ يتتگگ سما
And you? i kiy (m) / i km (f)? كمٳ/كيٳ
City tamazirt تمزيرت
State l-wilaya الوالية
Big (f) txatr ترتخا
Small (f) tmzziy تمزي
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
16 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Excuse me. samHi. سامحي
I am not … ur giā... يغگورٲ
But walaynni/walakin ولكن/وليني
Engaged (f) ttuyattrā (mxt$uba) ةمخطوب( تويترغ(
Are you married (m, f)? is tiwlt? س تولت؟ٳ
No, not yet. uhu/la, urta/ la sulā. ال سولغ/رتا ٲال /هوٲ
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
45 � Tamazight
FAMILY Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Describe family members.
Cultural points.
Family ties are very strong in Morocco. Children remain in touch or live with
their family even after they are married. Often parents and one or two married
children, with their spouses, and children, can be found in the one household
(space permitting). Relatives not living with the family are expected to visit
from time to time, especially during holidays.
Family members
My brother uggma گماأو
My sister uttma أ���و
My son m’mmi * ��
My daughter illi إ* ₢
My father bba �9
My mother mma ��
My grandfather bbaHllu $ǑZ �9
My grandmother mmaHllu $ǑZ ��
My uncle (fathers side) عmmi * ��
My aunt (fathers side) عtti * +�
My uncle (mothers side) xali * ₢�G
My aunt (mothers side) xalti * +₢�G
Other family related words.
Woman/wife tamāart/ tamt$t$ut �<�����W$ت/ ت ر
Man/husband argaz زگارأ
Girl/daughter tarbat �9ت��
Boy/son arba ر�9أ
Girls/daughters tirbatin ( ���9��
Boys/sons/children iširran انإ��[
The parents l-waldin ( �� ا₢$ا₢
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
46 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Family expressions:
How is Mohamed related to you?
mayd ak/ am iga Mohamed?
؟ � ��گا إمأ/ ���� اك
How is Amina related to you?
mayd ak /am tga Amina? �؟���Eأ گا تمأ/ ك ا���
My mom doesn’t work. mma ur da txddm. ��مأو���.رد
My mom and dad are divorced,
baba d mma nurzmn. ( .�� د �9 #$رز�
I have two siblings. āuri sin aytma ikniwn. ( .آ��$نإ�+�� أ=$ري %�
How many siblings do you have?
mšta n aytmatn ayd āurk (ayd āurm)?
) �+��أ�N+�ن �� =$ركأ�/ =$رم؟
How many sisters do you have?
mšta n taytmatin ayd āurk? ayd āurm
�+N�( ����+��� =$رك أ � / �أ� =$رم؟
What’s your father’s name?
mism n babanm? ؟ Κ#�9�9 ن Κẇ��
How old is your brother? mšta ayd āur gmanm g l-عmr?
�+Nر أ�$= � ا₢���؟ گ#Κ گما�
I have a younger brother.
āuri yan gma amzzan. 5انأ گما=$ري ��ن�.
My (male) cousin and I are the same age.
nkkin d arba n عmmi iqrin.
) د * ن ر�9 أ�۷# )إ�� ��".
My older sister is a teacher.
utma taxatart tga l-muعllima.
��أو��� ���. ا₢��Ǒ�Eگا تتر
My younger brother goes to school.
gma amzzan da ytddu s l-mdrasa.
�و س �أ گما�ز��ن داي E%ر� .ا₢�
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
47 � Tamazight
PRACTICE
Exercise: read the following text and read the questions at the bottom.
isminu John, baba ismns Steven, mma ismns Judy. āuri krad$ n aytmatn: snat trbatin d yan urba. gma ismns Brian. da yxddm g yat š-šarika. uttma Kathy, tiwl, āurs sin iširran: arba d trbat. arba isul imzziy, āurs tlt šhur. tarbat āurs tmnya n isggasn, da tddu s l-mdrasa, uttma tamzzant Mary, tsul da taqra g l-jamiعa.
Daniel: mani tadart n عli Ussu ارت ن علي وسو؟ماني تد :دانييل
Hicham: ddu nišan ar taHanut, llan sin ibrdan, yan xf uzlmad $ d wayd$ xf uyffas. t$fur abrid n uyffas ar tawd yat taddart taxatart, taddart n li Ussu tlla dع $ar as.
To exit ffā 13 tffā 1;� To be illi * Ǒإ� tilli * Ǒ�� To be able iāiy * * ttiāiy إ= <�� To be afraid ggd *( tggd *+,
To arrive awd$ وضأ tawd$ وض��
To climb up ali أ* ₢ tali * ₢�� To forget ttu $� ttu $�
To cut bbi * 9 tbbi * ��
To take amz 5أ� tamz 5���
To accompany mun ن$� tmun ن$��
To climb down ggz زگ tggz زتگ
To collect water
agm مگأ tagm مگتا
To send azn أزن tazn زن��
To want/like/love
iri إ��ي tiri ي���
To sing irir إ���� tirir �����
To recover jjiy * Q tjjiy * F�
To try arm أرم tarm رم��
To ask ttr �� ttr ��
To hear sfld �Ǒ;% sflad دҟ ;%
To close qqn ( " tqqn ( U� To swim عum م$� tعum م$��
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
61 � Tamazight 3rd CATEGORY.
Verbs Infinitive/omperative Continuous
imperative/present stem
To enter kjm ΚFآ kjjm ΚFآ
To wake up nkr �۷# nkkr �۷# To smoke kmi * آ� kmmi * آ� To start bdu و�9 bddu و�9 To pour xwu و$G xwwu و$G
To build bnu $�9 bnnu $�9 To scratch kmz 5�آ kmmz 5�آ To slaughter ārs س�= ārrs س�=
To graze fz 53 tfzza 5ا;� To scrab mri ي�� mrri ي��
To bush krd$ آ�ض krrd$ آ�ض To peel (an egg)
zlm Κ₢ز zllm Κ₢ز
To borrow rd$l \ _ rd$d ر $l \ _ ر
To break down
xsr �ẇG xssr ẇG�
To wound jrH ح�Q jrrH ح�Q
To wipe off sfd$ { ;% sffd$ { ;%
To warn عlm ΚǑ� عllm ΚǑ�
To sew gnu ونگ gnnu نوگ
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
62 � Peace Corps/Morocco
*
PRACTICE
Exercise 1: describe the present tense of the following activities.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
63 � Tamazight
Exercise 2: put the verbs between parentheses in the present tense.
ku s$-s$if “nkkin” (safr) s Miami (amz) yat l-bit g yan lot $il irxsn. kulši lot$ilat ālan ašku bzzaf n mddn (ddu) s Miami. Ku s $-s$baH (fd$r). g 1O:OO (fā) s brra. g luqt n imkli (sā) sandwitš ašku ur āuri l-flus. mn bعd (ddu) s l-bHr. kan tikkal s (aydع) dعtakurt. mn b (bعl) nād (umع)lot$il. (tš) imnsi g 7:30. g ggid (ār) l-ktabinu.
يات ) أمز(س ميامي ) سافر" (نكين"كو الصيف كولشي لوطيالت . نص يان لوطيل إرخگالبيت
Exercise 3: write a paragraph about the set of pictures.
Exercise 4: read the text then answer the questions below.
isminu Rob. āuri yan muš ismns Pat. kan tikkal da ytddu s igran ad iHwws. Pat ur da yttša iārdayn wala ibxxušn, da yssa l-Hlib d da yttša āas s-srdin. Pat iwHl abda, da yggan sg l-fd$ur ar imnsi. mqqar da yggan Pat, da yi tkks lqnd$. da yi tfur aynnas ddiā, mk gnā da ytlعab s l-ktubinu. iHla Pat walaynni ur tHmiln wadjarn, da t kkatn ur da as ikkin awdHaH. yan was iffā Pat s igran
. تا-غوري يان موش إسمنس . إسمينو روبت ا.. ان أد إحوسرگس إ تدوي ل دااكان تيك
ن يگا مقار دا .منسيالفضور أر إ گسن گاي دانا س ديغ مك يتفور أي ياتكس القنط دي ت داا. ينيال وات .إحال .يتلعاب س الكتوبينو نغ داگ
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
64 � Peace Corps/Morocco
ar itlعab allig iwHl. mn bعd idda s tama n yan usklu ad ign. imiH iddad yan urgaz ad ibbi asklu. ur yannay Pat, yusi aglzim ar-ikkat asklu. Pat ign da ytwirig ur yuki allig t iwt usklu. immut igllin. udrā as tama n ildjign nnag da ytlعab ku yas. iqqima digi l-Hal, usar nniā ad ttuā Pat mayd tla ddunit ašku iāzza āuri bzzaf.
2. is da yttša (Pat) iārdayn? إغرداين؟ات.إس دايتشا
3. max da yggan bzzaf? ن بزاف؟گاي ماخ دا
4. mas da ytlعab? تلعاب؟ي ماس دا
5. mayd da as karn wadjarn i Pat? ات؟پ س سكارن وادجارن إامايد
6. mag ign Pat? ات؟ پنگ إگما
7. mayd iskr urgaz? ز؟گارمايد إسكر أ
8. is ur immut Pat? ات؟پس أور إموت إ
9. mag yudr Rob i Pat? ت؟ا. يودر گما
10. is ad ittu Rob mušns? أد إتو روب موش نس؟إس
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
65 � Tamazight
Exercise 5: read the text then answer the questions below.
Tafullust n waman ومانتفولوست ن
g yat tmazirt izdā yan ufllaH d tmt$t$utns. āursn z-zhr ašku āursn yat tfllust n waman nna ittarun tiglay am d-dhb. ku yas da-zznzan yat tglayt g s-suq d da ssaān ayna tn-ixs $s $an. walayni yan was tamt$t$ut tna i wrgazns: “aytx n tfullust ur da ttaru āas yat tglayt i was ur aā tqd$i. ixs$s $a yaā ad as nārs afad a nasi d-dhb illan agnsuns d hat a ng labas”, argaz iga r-ray i tmt$t$utns, ināa tn t $-t$mع d ārsn i tfullust n waman. idā as ārsn ur ufin awdHaH. ur ufin la d-dhb wala tqqima āursn tfullust ittarun taglayt n d-dhb i was.
3. is (awl) LaHsen mid isul? 3 ( إس)؟لحسن ميد إ سول) اول
Exercise 6: put the verbs in parentheses in the correct form then answer the
questions below.
Rmd$an izrin , hay’at s-salam (azn) David s yan udwwar. (awd) āur l-famila ns g taddart. David ur(azum) asnnat $ walakin (ini) i l-familans yan was yad$nin. David (frH) bzzaf kud (anf) l-bab n l-bitns. ur dis walu walakin tHla (agl) s$-s $akns g uyadir. s $-s$baH, (mun) d uttmans lat $ifa s targa (agm) aman s ssin. tirbatin n tmazirt (rعab) walakin iعjbasnt David. sin wayurn aya (uru) yan E-mail i l-familans g Mirican (ini) asn (awl) Lat$ifa .
2. yan wayyur aya (af) Younes yan ikzin tama n taddartns. ukan (asi) t, (k) as ad itš. iwllf bzzaf. yan was (adj) t i wadjarnns. idā iعayd ur t (af), (zl). (qqim) l-Hal g Younes bzzaf.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
86 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Exercise 11: write a paragraph about these pictures.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
87 � Tamazight
Exercise 12: read the text then answer the questions below.
yan was g s$-s $if yan ušn ināat laz bzzaf ifkkr g mani tlla kan l-makla iHlan? mn bعd idda yufa yan igr digs ad$il. inna ušn g ixfns: ad $ila yat$fut riā attšā. iHawl ušn ad yawd ad$il walynni ur iāi. mn bعd inna ušn uhu ur riā ad$ila ašku ismmum riā ka nna iHllawn.
شن إنغات الز أو الصيف يان گن واس ياماني تال كان المكلة إحالن؟ من گ إفكر ، بزاف
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
95 � Tamazight
GRAMMATICAL POINTS
REGULAR ADJECTIVES.
Regular adjectives are placed after the noun they modify and must agree with it
in number and gender.
Examples:
Lame man argaz aHizun 5ونگاأر�Zز أ
Lame woman tamt$t$ut taHizunt 5ون� ����W$ت
English Masculine Feminine
Fat azurar أزورار tazurart ازورارتت
Old people awssar ارأوس tawssart اتتاوس
Skinny usdid أسديد tusdit سديتت
Small/Short agzzal الگأز tagzzalt التگتز
Crazy amعd $ur ورضأمع tamعd $urt ورتضتمع
Long / tall aāzzaf افأغز taāzzaft افتتغز Big axatar أخاتار taxatart تارتتخا
Young/Little /Small
amzzan انأمز tamzzant انتتمز
New ujdid أجديد tujdit تجديت Lazy amعgaz زمعگاأ tamعgazt زتتمعگا
Old(thing) aqdim أقديم taqdimt تقديمت
English Plural Masculine Plural feminine
Fat izurarn إزورارن tizurarin ( ��5ورار�
Old people iwssarn ارنإوس tiwssarin ( ��$%�ر�
Skinny usdidn أسديدن tusdidin ( ����%$�
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
96 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Small/Short igzzaln زالنگإ tigzzalin تيگ( زا₢�
Crazy imعd $ar إمعضار timعd $ar ر�V ����
Long / Tall iāzzafn افنإغز tiāzzafin ( ��>5ا�3
Big ixatarn إخاتارن tixatarin ( ��ر�����
Young/Little /Small
imzzan انإمز timzzanin ( ���5ا#�
New ujdidn أجديدن tujdidin �Q$�( ���
Lazy imعgazn نزمعگاإ timعgazin زينامعگتي
Old(thing) iqdim إقديمن tiqdimin ( ����U��
ADJECTIVES AS VERBS.
Kathy is happy Katy tfrH ح�;� * �آ� Mark is happy Mark ifrH رك إ�3ح��
Adjectives conjugated in the 3rd person singular.
It is full iعmmr رإعم it is rough iHrš إحرش It is empty ixwa إخوا it is
smooth išlulf إشلولف
It is fat izur إزور it is hot iHma إحما It is thin isdid إسديد it is cold iqrf إقرف It is dead immut وتإم it is warm irāa إرغا It is alive iddr رإد it is
straight inm إنم
It is sharp išwa إشوا it is winding
ifrā إفرغ
It is blunt iHfa إحفا it is far iعrq إعرق It is good ihyya اإهي it is near inmala إنمال It is good iHla إحال it is heavy izzay ايإز It is bad ixxa إخا it is light ifssus وسإفس It is sweet iHllaw وإحال it is narrow iqmr إقمر
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
97 � Tamazight
It is hot (spicey)
iHrra اإحر it is wide iwsإوسع ع
It is cooked
inwa إنوا it is long iāzzif يفإغز
It is wet immā غإم it is short igzzul ولگإز
It is dry izwa إزوا it is hard iqqur إقور It is open yunf يونف it is soft ilggaā غلگاإ
It is closed iqqn إقن it is difficult
išqqa إشقا
It is easy iwhn إوهن
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
98 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Exceptions:
Normally Tamazight adjectives can be conjugated in a way that the verb “to be”
is implied. (I.e. Mark ifrH, Mark is happy.) Adjectives borrowed from Arabic,
on the other hand, must have the “to be” verb ‘g’ specifically added.
It is important. iga muhim. مهمگاإ
It is obligatory. iga d $aruri. ضروريگاإ
It is dangerous. iga xat $ar. خطرگاإ
He is optimistic. iga mutafa’il. ئل متفاگاإ
He is pessimistic. iga mutaša’im. ئم متشاگاإ
Note the verb “to be”, ‘g’ must agree with the subject.
ADJECTIVES AS PARTICIPLES.
To make a participle, take an adjective in it’s “he” (3rd person singular) form and
add the suffix ‘n’.
Example:
“irāa” becomes “irāan”.
I want warmed water. riā aman irāan ريغ أمان إرغان
Indefinite adjectives:
The adjective “yaďnin” meaning “another” is constant (i.e. it doesn’t agree with a
noun) and it always occurs after the noun.
Examples:
Another house taddart yad$nin ارت ياضنينتد Another man argaz yad$nin ز ياضنينگاأر
Some other house tiddrwin yad$nin تدروين ياضنين Some other men irgzn yad$nin زن ياضنينگإر
She wants another book. tra l-ktab yad $nin ترا الكتاب ياضنين
Another way to say “another” in Tamazight is by using the words “wayd$”, “tayd $”,
or “tiyd$” depending on the number and gender of the subject.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
99 � Tamazight
English Masculine Feminine
Another (singular) wayd$ { } $wiyd وا� و�
Others (plural) tayd $ { ��� tiyd $ { ��
Examples:
I have two sisters, one studies at the university, the other works at the post office.
āuri snat taytmatin, yat da tqra g l-jamiعa tayd $ da txddm g l-bost$a.
Some men are near the mosque, others went to the fields
idsn irgazn llan tama n l-jamع, wiyd$ ddan s igran
زن الن تمان الجامعگإدسن إر
.رانگويض دان س إ
COMPARATIVE AND SUPERLATIVE ADJECTIVES.
Comparative Adjectives:
We use comparative adjectives when we are comparing two objects/persons
based on some quality or characteristic. For example, in English we can say: “I
am taller than John.” Taller than John” is the comparative form of the
adjective tall. In Tamazight to compare two objects we add the proposition “xf”
to the adjective.
Examples:
Said is younger than Hassan
saعid immziy xf Hassan ي خف حسنسعيد إمز.
Hassan is older than Said
Hassan ixatr xf saعid حسن إخاتر خف سعيد.
The public phone is closer than the post office.
t-tilibutik tnmala xf l-bost$a.
.التيليبوتيك تنمال خف البوسطة
Other ways of comparing.
Tamazight uses a number of words when making comparisons. The most common
of these are "yuf" and "yugr."
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
100 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Examples:
Honey is better than butter. tuf tamimt udi. ديوتوف تميمت أ. I prefer milk to tea. yuf āuri l-Hlib atay. يوف غوري الحليب أتاي.
He is older than Bob. yugr Bob g l-عmr. العمرگر بوب گيو .
He is taller than I am. yugri g taāzi. تغزيگري گيو .
Which is better, the outside or the inside?
mayd yufn, brra nād agnsu?
نسو؟ گبرا نغد أ، مايد يوفن
Comparing like objects
When comparing similar things/people we use the word "am", ”like" or "kif kif",
an Arabic expression meaning "the same".
Examples:
The outside is like the inside.
am brra, am agnsu. ا أم أنسوگأم بر.
He is older, as I am. ixatr am nk. إخاتر أم نك.
They are the same. nitni kif kif فيف كينتني ك.
Superlative adjectives
The superlative adjective in Tamazight can be formed by adding the word “ayd”
before the adjective in its participle form.
Examples:
Jeff is tall Jeff iāzzif يفدجيف إغز Jeff is the tallest among them
Jeff ayd iāzzifn digsn نگسجيف أيد إغزفن دد
She is the smartest nttat ayd išwan نتات أيد إشوان
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
101 � Tamazight
PRACTICE
Exercice 1: read the text than answer the questions.
Fad $ma tra a tssird bzzaf n iHruyn assa: s-srwal armadi d tajllabit tamllalt n urgazns. l-qamija tazrqit d j-jakit$a taqhwit n urbans, l-kswa tazggaāt d s $-s$aya tawraāt n tarbatns. l-pijama tazgzawt d z-zif amllal win Fad $ma. walaynni, tinmi t-tqašr tungalin?
Salad š-šlada الشالضة Vermicelli š-šعriya الشعرية French fries
l-frit/ bat$at$a iqlan
بطاطا /لفريت إقالن
Moroccan soup
taHrirt تحريرت
Olives z-zitun يتونالز Vegetable soup
s $-s $ubba ةوبالص
Bastilla l-bst$ila لبسطيلة ا
Rice r-ruz وزالر
Meat aksum أكسوم Couscous sksu سكسو
Chicken afullus أفولوس Pizza l-pitza لnيتزا
AT THE CAFE
The waiter l-garsun رسونگلا Black coffee l-qhwa tungalt لت نگا القهوة تو
Coffee with milk l-qhawa s l-Hlib القهوة س الحليب
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
111 � Tamazight
Half milk half coffee qhwa ns$ ns قهوة نص نص $Hot milk l-Hlib inwan لحليب إنوانا Weak coffee l-qhwa ifssusn وسنالقهوة إفس Strong coffee l-qhwa iqsHn القهوة إقسحن Coffee with a little milk l-qhwa s imiH n l-Hlib القهوة س إميح ن الحليب Orange juice l-عasir n l-limun العصير ن الليمون Apple and milk shake l-عasir n t-tffaH العصير ن التفاح Banana and milk shake l-عasir n l-banan نالعصير ن البنا
Almond and milk shake l-عasir n l-luz العصير ن اللوز Pot of tea abrrad n watay اد ن وتايأبر Glass of tea l-kas n watay لكاس ن وتايا …with mint s n-nعnaعس النعنا ع
Not very sweet adur iHllaw bzzaf أدور إحالو Some sugar please kan s-skkar عfak كان السكر عفاك A glass of cold water yan l-kas n waman ikrmn يان الكاس ن ومان إكرمن
AT THE RESTAURANT
The menu l-menu لمنوا Please bring me… awyid عafak... أوييد عفاك....
Do you have… is āurun… ونإس غر.....
What do you have? mayd āurun? ون؟مايد غر Is there any food without meat?
is tlla kan l-makla bla aksum?
إس تال كان المكلة بال أكسوم؟
I want a tajine without meat.
riā yan t$-t$ajin bla aksum.
.ريغ يان الطجين بال أكسوم
What do you have for dessert?
mayd āurun g d-disir? ونسير؟گمايد غرالد
We want a table for (four people).
nra yat t$-t$abla n (rbعa n mddn).
)ربعة ن مدن(نرا يات الطبلة ن
Outside brra ابر
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
112 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Inside agnsu نسوگأ
The bill, please. l-Hsab عafak. الحساب عفاك.
To your health. bs $HHa. الصحةب.
To your health. llay عt$ik s$-s$HHa. اهللا يعطيك الصحة.
How do you like the food?
is ak- tعjb l-makla? إس أك تعجب المكلة؟
No complaints. ur āuri mayd tiniā. تنيغ يدأورغوري ما.
The food is delicious. l-makla tat$fut. المكلة تطفوت.
Dialogue:
Judy d Paul g r-rist ora. الريسطورةگول پدجودي د . l-gars$un : mrHba issun. ونمرحباإس. :رصونلگا
Paul : s $aHHa, is tlla kan t$-t$abla n sin mddn?
صحا إس تال كان الطبلة ن سين مدن؟
:ولپ
l-gars$un : ay tlla, mag tram a tqqimm?
ترام أتقيمم؟گ أي تال ما :رصونلگا
Paul : nra yat t$-t$abla taman n s-srjm.
.نرا يات الطبلة تمان السرجم :ولپ
l-gars$un : may tram a ttšm? رصونلگا ماي ترام أتتشم؟:
Judy : mayd illan? دجودي مايد إالن؟:
l-gars$un : han l-menu. لمنواهان. :رصونلگا
Judy : nkkin, riā š-šlad$a d sksu s l-ānmi.
د سكسو س ، نكين ريغ الشالضة.الغنمي
:دجودي
Paul : nkkin da ttšaā āas l-xd $rt. is tlla kan l-makla bla aksum?
نكين د تتشاغ غاس الخضرت إس تال كان المكلة بال أكسوم؟
:ولپ
l-gars$un : ay, tlla l-lubya أي تال اللوبية. :رصونلگا
Paul : waxxa, awyid š-šlad$a d t$-t$bsil n llubya.
وخا أوييد شالضة د طبسيل ن .اللوبية
:لوپ
l-gars$un : is tram a tsum ka? رصونلگا إس ترام أتسوم كا؟:
Can you please give me your phone number? (at the gendarm/police
ki n-nmra n t-tilifunnk ?afakع
* ' �;�ك؟₢اآ ���ا ن ا₢+�Ǒ;$ن #
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
126 � Peace Corps/Morocco
station)
I want to get a “cart de sejour.”
riā ad skrā lakart$ d sijur.
آ�رط %�F$ر D ر�1 أد %�۷غ
Is there a pharmacy here?
is illa kan l-frmasyan da? آ�ن ا₢;���%��ن دا؟ Dإس إ
Is there a teleboutique here?
is tlla kan t-tilibutik da? دا؟ ' ��$��Ǒ+₢آ�ن ا ҟ � إس
Do you sell cell phone cards?
is da tzznzat lakart$ n t-tilifun?
�5#5ات D آ�رط ن إس دا ا₢+�Ǒ;$ن؟
Which service is available here: Mediatel or Maroc Telecom?
matta r-rizu illan da? meditel nād Maroc telecom?
� ��5و إDن دا؟�₢����� ا<# \ �+��وك �۷�Ǒ$م؟�ر�
Is there cell phone reception/coverage here?
is illa r-rizu da? ا₢��5و دا؟ Dإس إ
Is there CTM (the bus company)?
is illa s-satyam da? م دا؟��+ẇ₢ا Dإس إ
What day/time is transportation available?
mantur ayd da ytili l-mrkub?
* ا₢��آ$ب؟ Ǒ�+دا� � ��#+$ر أ�
Is there a cyber cafe here?
is tlla kan lanternet da? آ�ن ₢�+��� دا؟ ҟ � إس
How far is it from here? mšta as tعrq sg da? ق��� دا؟ گس�N+� أس
Which day is the souk? matta was nnag illa ssuq? �# ق؟ گ�+� واس$ẇ₢ا * Ǒ+دا�
Is there any association here?
is tlla ka n l-jmعiya da? دا؟ E���F₢آ�ن ا ҟ � إس
Note: Ask your LCF for any other words or expressions you think you may need
for your site visit.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
127 � Tamazight
TRAVEL
Ojective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Talk about future plans.
• Identify means of transportation and use appropriate expressions
for travel.
Future time expressions:
Tomorrow morning askka s$-s$baH ح��Y₢أ%�۷ ا
Tomorrow at seven askka g s-sbعa �۷%گأE��ẇ₢ا
The day after tomorrow nnif n uskka #��۷%ن أ X
One day yan was ن واس��
Next sunday l-Hdd ( nna) diddan �د��ان) #� (ا₢
Next week s-simana ( nna) diddan E#���ẇ₢ان) #�(ا�د�
Next summer s $-s$if ( nna) diddan X �Y₢ان) #�(ا�د�
Next year asggas (nna) diddan/imal ان) #�(أ%ڭ�س�إ��ل/د�
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
128 � Peace Corps/Morocco
GRAMMATICAL POINTS
FORMING THE FUTURE TENSE
qad/ad/mad + imperative simple (infinitive) + past tense ending.
nkkin ______ ā _______غ نكين/نك
Kiy/km t ____ t ت______ت كم/كي
ntta i _____ إ________ نتا nttat t _____ ت_______ نتات nkni n _____ ن_______ نكني knni t _____ m م______ت كني knnimti t _____mt مت_____ت كنيمتي nitni ______ n _______ن نيتني nitnti
qad ad
mad
______ nt ______نت
قاد أد ماد
نيتنتي
Example:
To drink su سو
I will drink ad suā أد سوغ We will drink
ad nsu سون أ
You will drink
ad tsut تسوت أ You (m, p) will drink
ad tsum سومت أ
He will drink
ad isu سوي أد You (f, p) will drink
ad tsumt سومتت أ
She will drink
ad tsu سوت أ They (m) will drink
ad sun سون أد
They (f) will drink
ad sunt أد سونت
Examples:
1-MoHa will travel to Rabat tomorrow morning.
MoHa ad isafr s Rbat aska s$-s$baH.
ا أد إسافر س الرباط أسكا موح.حالصبا
2-They will cook dinner tomorrow night.
nitni ad snwin imnsi aska ggid $.
سنوين إمنسي أسكا نيتني أد
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
129 � Tamazight
.ضيگ
3-Fatima and Ali will get married next year.
Fatima d Ali ad awln asggas diddan.
س گاسأولن أ فا طمة د علي أد.ديدان
4-Next month I will rent a house in my village.
ayur diddan ad kruā taddart g udwwarinu.
گ تدارت ديدان أدكروغأيور.أدوارينو
FUTURE TENSE NEGATION
To form the negative of the future tense, the word “nni”, conjugated like a past
tense pattern 1 verb, is inserted between the negative indicator “ur” and the
normal future tense.
ur + nni (conjugated like a past tense pattern 1 verb) + future tense
I will not go ur nniā ad dduā وغأور نيغ أد د You will not go ur tnnit a tddut * دوتأور تنيت أت
He will not go ur inni ad iddu و أور إني أدإد
She will not go ur tnni a tddu * وأورتني أتد We will not go ur n-nni a nddu * وأور نني أند
You will not go (m,p) ur tnnim a tddum * وم أتتنيمأورد
You will not go (f, p) ur tnnimt a tddumt * ومتأور تنيمت أتد
They will not go (m) ur nnin ad ddun ونأور نين أد د They will not go (f) ur nnint ad ddunt تأور نينونت أد د
* Remember that the “t” assimilate the “d” and the “n”, and in this case, the “i”. i.e.: d+t=t; d+n=n ; d+i=y
Examples:
I will not go outside at night.
ur nniā ad ffāā s brra ggid $.
.يضگ س برا غأور نيغ أد فغ
He will not smoke in Ramaďan.
ur inni ad ikmu g Rmd$an. ن رمضاگأور إني أد إكمو.
She will not go to school tomorrow because she is sick.
ur tnni ad tddu s l-mdrasa askka ašku tmrd$.
دو س المدرسة تأأور تني .أسكا أشكو تمرض
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
130 � Peace Corps/Morocco
She will not talk to her family till next week.
ur tnni ad tsawl i l-familans ar s-simana diddan.
نس تساول إ الفامال أور تني أ.أر السيمانة ديدان
In order to express “will never,” we put the word “usar” (‘never’) instead of “ur.”
usar + nni (conjugated like a past tense pattern 1 verb) + future tense
Examples:
I will never smoke. usar nniā ad kmiā. غ أد كميغر نيساأو.
She will never go to the cafe at night/
usar tnni a tddu s l-qhwa ggid $.
سار تني أتدو س القهوة وأ.يضگ
USING VERBS CONSECUTIVELY
In English we use the infinitive form of a verb after a conjugated verb (i.e. “I
want to read”). However, in Tamazight we conjugate the second verb in the
future tense.
I want to drink riā ad suā ريغ أد سوغ
you want to drink trit ad tsut سوتت تريت أ
he wants to drink ira ad isu سوإرا أد إ
she wants to drink tra ad tsu سوت ترا أ
we want to drink nra ad nsu سون نرا أ
you want to drink (m, p) tram ad tsum سومت ترام أ
you want to drink (f, p) tramt ad tsumt سومتت ت أامتر
they want to drink (m) ran ad sun ران أد سون
they want to drink (f) rant ad sunt سونتد أتران
Examples:
She wants to read the book
tra a tār l-ktab. ترا أتغر الكتاب.
I hope to go to the U.S. da tmnnaā ad dduā s mirikan.
.دا تمناغ أد دوغ س مريكان
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
131 � Tamazight
Exceptions:
Some verbs are followed by a second verb conjugated in the present tense (i.e.
“bdu” “to start” and “qqim” “to stay”):
I started to speak Tamazight a month ago.
bdiā da sawalā tamaziāt ayyur aya
.لغ تمزيغت أيورأيااوسبديغ د
I remained working until the afternoon
qqimiā da xddmā ar tadggat
.تگاغ دا خدمغ أر تديقيم
Using “other” expressions
This same construction is used after “other” words and expressions. The most
important of these is “afad.” This word is the equivalent of the English
expression “in order to.” Verbs following “afad” are always conjugated in the
future tense.
Examples:
Rqiyya went to the post office in order to send a letter.
Rqiyya tdda s l-bost$a afad at azn yat tbrat.
زنارقية تدا س البوسطة أفاد أت . يات تبرات
I went to Marrakech in order to see Jason
ddiā s mrrakš afad ad inniyā Jason
اكش أفاد أد إنييغ ديغ س مر.يسندجا
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
132 � Peace Corps/Morocco
TRAVEL
• GENERAL TRAVEL INFORMATION.
Public transport in Morocco is both inexpensive and easy to use. Between major
cities, trains are the quickest and most comfortable means of travel, although
they can be crowded at certain times of year. Buses are the cheapest choice and
can vary in terms of speed and comfort.
• TRAVELING BETWEEN CITIES.
� CTM: this is the national bus line, very comfortable, on schedule; seats are
reserved and can be purchased in advance in most places. Unaccompanied
baggage can be sent via CTM.
� Souk Buses: in each large town there is a bus station, such as “qamra” in
Rabat. One can buy a ticket one day in advance and fares are set. Sometimes
the ticket is for a reserved seat, other times it is for whatever seat is open
when the bus goes through town. A ticket does not necessarily mean there is
a real seat either. Sometimes there are additional places set-up in the aisle.
You have to bargain for the price you pay for your luggage if this gets
stored on top of the bus. The price depends upon the size of the piece. It is
advisable to carry smaller pieces of luggage you can store in the bus itself.
Souk buses do not always leave or arrive on time. They may stop in the
middle of nowhere. They may also stop in towns along the way looking for
additional passengers.
� Train: there are two classes: first and second. The price of any train car
with air conditioning will be higher. Sometimes there are schedule changes,
but no available printed timetables. Check to be sure that the time you wish
to travel is still accurate. Train tickets can be bought in advance, and this is
the only form of local transportation on which you can buy a round trip
ticket.
� Grand Taxis: this is for travel between large towns and cities. They carry 6
passengers and since the fare is per seat, if you want you can pay for empty
seats so that the taxi leaves earlier. Ask the other passengers in the car
what the regular should be, do not ask the driver first. If you want to take
the entire taxi for yourself, ask for a taxi “korsa”. Baggage does not cost
extra in a taxi.
� Pick-up Truck (kamio): in some areas where no public transportation is
available, people use their personal trucks to carry supplies to their douars;
they also take passengers at a rate they determine themselves.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
133 � Tamazight
� Airport Transportation: there are airport buses and trains which run from
Rabat Ville to the Casablanca airport. There are also airport buses which
connect the airport to Casablanca, but from Rabat/Sale airport, there are
only taxis.
• TRAVEL WITHIN CITIES.
� Petis Taxis: every city has petit taxis which can carry up to three
passengers. The fare is calculated by meter. When you get in the taxis, ask
that the meter be turned on. If there is no meter, or if it does not work, ask
the price before you begin. Since the taxi can carry 3 passengers, if you are
the only one getting in, he can pick up other passengers. If you are the
second or thirdperson entering the taxi, ask the price for your trip. At night
(usually by 8 p.m) until sunrise, the fare is 50% more than the daytime fare.
� Chariots: in very small villages, the chariots are used to get people to the
weekly souk or to towns on the main road, where larger transportation is
available for fartherdistances.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
134 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Travel expressions.
Taxi t$-t$aksi الطاكسي Where is the taxi stand? mani l-maHt$t$a n
t$-t$ksiyat? ؟تماني المحطة ن الطاكسيا
Please take me to . . . awyi s . . . s$aHHa. ا......أوييصح.
I want to go to this address.
riā ad dduā s ladrisatx. وغ س الدريساتخريغ أد د.
Please wait a minute for me.
gganni/qqli imiH s $aHHa. ا/ني گاقلي إميح صح.
How much, please? mšta, عafak? مشتا عفاك؟ Turn on the meter please.
sxdm l-kuntur s$aHHa. اسخدم الكنتور صح.
Stop here, please bdd da عafak. بد دا عفاك.
Petit taxi / small taxi t$-t$aksi tamzzant / petit t$aksi
.تي طاكسيپ/ الطاكسي تمزانت
Grand taxi / large taxi t$-t$aksi taxatart /grand t$aksi
ران گ/الطاكسي تخاتارت.طاكسي
Is there a seat to . . . ?
is tlla kan l-blas $t s . . . ? ؟......إس تال كان لبالصت س
Yes, there is. yeah, tlla. ييه تال.
How many seats are reserved so far?
šhal n l-blays$ ayd illan? لباليص أيد إالن؟اشحال ن
Four and you are the fifth.
rbعa d ki wisxmsa. ربعة د كي ويس خمسة.
I want to pay for two seats.
riā ad xlls$ā snat( n) l-blays $.
ريغ أد خلصغ سنات ن .لباليصا
Taxi driver š-šifur n t$-t$aksi الشيفور ن الطاكسي.
Baggage l-bagaj جلبگاا.
Trunk l-kufr الكوفر City bus t$-t$obis الطوبيس City depot / stop l-maHt$t$a n t$-t$obis المحطة ن الطوبيس Where does bus # . . . stop?
manig da ytbdda t$-t$ubis nmra . . .?
داي تبدا الطوبيس گماني ؟.....نمرا
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
135 � Tamazight
Does this bus go to . . . ?
is da ytddu t$-t$obistx s . . .?
إس داي تدو الطوبيستخ ؟....س
Which bus do I need to take if I want to go to . . . ?
mattat$t $obis ayd ixs$s$an ad amzā mk riā ad dduā s . .?
أد متا الطوبيس أيد إخصان؟... مك ريغ أد دوغ سأمزغ
Can you stop here? bd da s$aHHa? ا؟بد دا صح Last stop / teminus t-tirminus الترمينوس Ticket taker r-rusuvur وسوڤورالر Bus l-kar الكار Bus station l-maHt$t$a المحطة Which bus is going to . . ?
matta l-kar ayd itddun s . . . ?
؟..... الكار أيد إتدون سامت
When does the bus leave to . ?
mantur ayd da ytffā l-kar s . . . ?
منتور أيد داي تفغ الكار ؟ .....س
I want a ticket to . . . riā tawriqt s . . . ريغ توريقت س......
How much is the ticket to . . . ?
šHal i twriqt s . . . ? ؟......شحال إ توريقت س
I want to keep my bag with me.
riā ad adjā āuri s$-s$akinu. اكينوريغ اد أدجغ غوري الص.
Tell me when we arrive to . .
lmi adday niwdع $ s . . . اي نيوض سعلمي أد......
Driver š-šifur الشيفور.
Driver’s assistant l-grisun ونسريلگا.
How long will you stop here?
mšta n luqt ay trit at qqimt da?
مشتا ن لوقت أيد تريت أتقيمت دا؟
Is this seat empty? is txwa l-blas $tx? لبالصتخ؟اإس تخوا
Train t-tran التران.
Train station lagar n t-tran ر ن الترانگاال.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
136 � Peace Corps/Morocco
PRACTICE
Exercise 1: fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs and conjugate them in
nkkin __________ عamayn g l-mārib. __________ ayyur āur l-familianu. __________ xf yan l-muعllim afad ad ārā tamaziāt, d __________ ad sawlā i mddn. mn bعd __________taddart, d __________ l-Hwayj nna i yxs $s$an. nšallah __________ l-mjhudinu afad ad عawnā mddn nna iعzzan āuri d __________ āif t-taqafa n l-mārib. adday عaydā s mirikan __________ tibratin i l-familanu g l-mārib. usar __________ l-familanu d udwwarinu.
2. is tra a tazn tabrat ikspres? 2 .؟ر0;:- إڪإس ترا أتازن تبرات
3. mayd ira Paul ad yazn? 3 . أد يازن؟ ولپمايد إرا
4. mayd ixs$s $an Paul ad iskr? 4 . انسكر؟ إأد ولپمايد إخص
Exercise 2: make as many sentences as you can using the following words. You
may need to add some of your own words.
tdd اتد rant رانت sā سغ lmand$a المانضة ddat اتد
ran ران sksu :<%" l-kulia الكولية
ddant انتد s l-
bos $t$a ašku tra ترا srrf mirikan ريكانم
ndda اند س
البوس طة
أمز amz نرا nra أشكو
idda اإد ira اإر
bwat$ ppus $t$al
بواط پوسطا
ل
ddu ود
ran ران
tnabr تنابر
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
143 � Tamazight
AT THE HOTEL
Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Look for and use hotal accommodation.
• Use conditional sentences to express possible and impossible
conditions.
HOTEL ACCOMODATION.
Hotels are classified into categories from 0 (non-classified) to 5-star hotels. There is a reduction of 25% on the second day for Moroccans and foreign residents in Morocco, but only in classified hotels.
Vocabulary and expressions.
The hotel lot$il لوطيل The reception desk larisipsyun ن:#.=ر"#%
Room l-bit/ š-šambr الشمبر/ البيت
Is there a cheap hotel around here?
is illa kan lot$il irxs$n da? إس إال كان لوطيل إرخصن دا؟
Where is a nice hotel? mag illa kan lot$il ihyyan da?
إال كان لوطيل إهيان دا؟گما
Pleace take me to a hotel (to taxi driver)
awyi s kan lot$il عafak. أويي س كان لوطيل عفاك.
A room for one person (a single)
l-bit n yan البيت ن يان.
A room for two people l-bit n sin mddn. نالبيت ن سين مد.
Do you have a room available?
is tlla kan l-bit ixwan? ؟إس تال كان البيت إخوان
Is there a room with a hot shower?
is tlla kan l-bit s waman irāan g d-duš?
إس تال كان البيت س ومان الدوش؟گ إرغان
Which floor? matta lit $aj? ليطاج؟تام
Is breakfast included? id l-fd$ur ittuHasab d l-bit?
إد الفضور إتوحاسب د البيت؟
I’ll stay two nights. ad qqimā sin yid$d $an. ن يضانأد قيمغ سي.
Wake me up at ... please snkr i g ... عafak عفاك .......گ سنكري .
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
144 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Dialogue:
Jack d Amanda g l-otil لوطيلگ د أمندا دجاك Jack d
Amanda: s-salamu عalaykum. دجاك د السالم عليكم:
اأمند bu lot$il: wa عlaykum s-salam. المبولوطيل و عليكم الس:
Jack: is tlla kan l-bit? دجاك إس تال كان البيت ؟: bu lot$il: mujud, tlla l-bit n yan, d
tlla l-bit n sin. موجود تال البيت ن يان د تال البيت
.ن سين
:بولوطيل
Jack: nra yat l-bit n yan. نرا يات البيت ن يان. :دجاك bu lot$il: mrHba. مرحبا. :بولوطيل
Jack: mšta i ggid$? يض؟گمشتا إ :دجاك bu lot$il: 140 drHm. 140درهم . :بولوطيل
Amanda: is llan waman iHman? اأمند إس الن ومان إحمان؟: bu lot$il: ay a lalla. بولوطيل ألالاي:
Amanda: waxxa k aā yat l-bit. وخا كا غ يات البيت. :اأمند bu lot$il: عmrat tawriqtdx عafakn,
uruyat ismnun, ladrisa, d r-raqm n l-pasppor.
عمر تاوريقت دخ عفاك أرويات د الرقم ن ، دريسةال، إسمنون
.ور<-ا2-
:بولوطيل
Jack: haā ak. دجاك هغاك: bu lot$il: šukran, han tasarut n l-bit
156 g lit $aj amzwaru. 156هان تساروت ن البيت ، شكرا
. ليطاج أمزواروگ
:بولوطيل
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
145 � Tamazight
GRAMMATICAL POINTS
THE CONDITIONAL
In Tamazight we use two expressions to refer to the conditions.
1. “am + is” conditional form meaning “if + then” While “amr + is” implies that
the stated condition cannot or has not been met.
“amr tzzrit lmtiHan is tnjHt”.
for example, translates as “If (it was that) you had passed the exam, you would
have succeeded.”
2. “amr + is” can be used in the past or present, and can mean “if it was/were
If (it were that) you studied hard, you would have learned Tamazight.
amr tārit mzyan, is tعllmt tamaziāt.
إس تعلمت ، أمر تغريت مزيان تمزيغت
NEGATION.
In negating the conditional, the “is” is dropped.
Example:
If it were not that he was sleeping, he wouldn’t have had the accident. If he hadn’t been sleeping, he wouldn’t have had the accident.
amr ur igin, ur inni ad ig laksid$a.
گ أور إني أدي ،ينگأمر أور إ.الكسيضة
If it wasn’t that you had amr ur tārit, ur tnit a أور تنيت ،أمر أور تغريت
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
146 � Peace Corps/Morocco
studied, you would not have succeeded If you hadn’t studied, you wouldn’t have succeeded.
tnjHt. أتنجحت.
Negative conditionals with a noun
To use a noun with a negative conditional, use the following form:
amr + urid + pronoun/noun , is
Examples:
If it were not for the doctor, the child would’ve died.
amr urid i wd$bib, is imut urba.
إس ، وضبيبأمر أوريد إ.إموت أربا
If it were not for her, they would’ve slept outside.
amr urid i ntat, is nsan brra.
إس نسان ، ريد إ نتاتوأمر أ.برا
If it were not for the neighbors, Lissa’s house would have been broken into.
amr urid i wadjarn, is ttuyakr Lissa.
إس توياكر ، مر أريد إ ودجارنأ.ليسا
“mk/mš” CONDITIONAL.
“mk” or “mš”, translated as “if”, is the conditional form in which the condition
can/may be met.
Examples:
If you build it, he will come.
mk t tbnit, ad iddu و، تبنيتمكأديد.
If you break it, you will buy it.
mk t trzit, a t tsāt أتسغت، مك ترزيت.
To negate this conditional form, simply add “ur” after the “mk/mš”
Examples:
If you don’t want it, leave it.
mk ur t trit, adj t. أدجت، مك أور تريت.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
147 � Tamazight
DESCRIBING THE PEACE CORPS
MISSION Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• Talk about the three goals of peace corps.
• Describe your job in Morocco.
PEACE CORPS.
hay'at s-salam المهيئة الس
hay'at s-salam tga yat l-mund$d $ama tamarakanit. da ttazn l-mutat$wiعin s timzar. d l'ahdafns gan: 1. amعawan g l-majal t-tiqni. 2. imirikani ad fhmn bzzaf mddn nna āur zdān d afad ad sawln āifsn adday .aydn s mirkianع3. mddn nna āur zdān imirikanin awd nitni ad isin xf mirikan d imirikanin.
دا . كانيتي يات المنضمة تمرتگاالسالم هيئة د األهداف نس . زن المتطوعين س تميزارات
:نگا . المجال التقنيگمعاوان أ) 1زدغن إمريكانين أد فهمن بزاف مدن نا غور) 2
.ن غيفسن أداي عايدن س مريكاند أفاد أد ساوليتني أد مدن نا غور زدغن إمريكانين أود ن) 3
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
148 � Peace Corps/Morocco
ENVIRONMENT SECTOR
isminu Judy nkkin da xddmā d brnamaj n l-bi’a d hay’at s-salam. l-xdmtinu ad sksuā mamk da tmعamaln mddn d t$-t$abiعa . da tiniā i mddn d t-turist nna itzurn l-park adur ggarn l-krfi g adāar nna ufan. d ad-Hafd $n xf l-bi'a sg t-talwwut. d adur bbin iskla. d ad Hafd $n xf l-āabt. riā ad afā kan l-Hll yad $nin afad adur sāusn bzzaf n ikšudn. nkni da ntgga bzzaf n l-mašariع d l-jmعiyat g l-majal n l-muHafad$a xf l-bi’a d t-tnmiya.
امج ن البيئة د إسمنو دجودي نكين دخدمغ د برنمك دا لخدمتنو أد سكسوغ ما .هيئة السالم
مدن د تينيغ إاد. معاملن مدن د الطبيعةتن الكرفي رگاك أدور ار2.االتوريست نا إتزورن
حافضن خف البيئة د أد .فانو أا أدغار نگد أد حافضن .أدور بين إسكالد . التلوتگس
الحل ياضنين أفاد فغ كان أريغ أد .خف الغابت ) ?,ا نكني د. أدورسغوسن بزاف ن إكشوضنالمجال ن گبزاف ن المشاريع د الجمعيات .المحافضة خف البيئة د التنمية
Vocabulary:
Environment l-bi'a ا����� Program l-brnamaj �#��₢ا�� Forest l-āabt �9�<₢ا To deal with
To protect Hafd $ xf �ZXG { 3 To cut bbi * 9 Pollution t-talwwut ₢تا$Ǒ+ To consume sthlk ' ǑT+% Trees iskla ҟ إ۷%
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
149 � Tamazight
HEALTH SECTOR
Dialogue:
Sumiya: s-salamu عalaykum. الم عليكمسمية الس: Christin: waعalaykum s-salam. المكريستين و عليكم الس: Sumiya: anayā km g s-sbitar, is tgit
tafrmlit? ت# ,) السبيطار إسگأنايغ كم
تفرمليت؟ :سمية
Christin: uhu, ur giā tafrmlit wala tad $bibt.
. تفرمليت وال تضبيبتگيغ روأهو أ :كريستين
Sumiya: mayd igan lxdmtnm? ن لخدمت نم؟گامايد إ :سمية Christin: da sawalā i mddn xf
s $-s$aHtnsn d s $-s$aHt n tarwansn.
حت نسن د ا سوالغ إمدن خف الصاد.نسنحت ن تروااالص
:كريستين
Sumiya: is da asn tikkit d-dwa? سمية الدوا؟يتتك سنا إس د: Christin: ur da asn ikkiā d-dwa, d ur
da tggaā tismi. da asn tiniā may tn ixs $s $an ad skrn afad adur mrd$n la nitni wala tarwansn. d da asn sawalā xf d-dwa n wanu, bit l-ma d tarda n ifasn, d d-dwa n udis.
غ تگا اد رد أو، الدوايغك إسن أورداتينيغ مايتن إخصان دا سن .تسمي
فاد أدور مرضن ال نتني أد سكرن أ ساوالغ خف سن د دا .نسن وال تروا
Sumiya: mzyan. aya iga muhim. i tasmuntnm may tskar?
إ تسمونت نم . مهم گان أيا إمزيا ماي تسكار؟
:سمية
Christin: da asn tini ad jlbn i iširransn afad adur mrd$n. d da asn tsfham mayd tggan afad adur arun bzzaf. d da tns $aH tiwtmin ittarwn ad ddunt s s-sbit$ar.
د أفانسن ي أد جلبن إ إشرانيت سن داسن تسفهام مايد دا د .أدور مرضن
د دا .ن أفاد أدور أرون بزافتگا ت تنصاح توتمين إتارون أد دون
.رس السبيطا
:كريستين
Sumiya: aya iga muhim. tbarklla āifknt.
.غيفكنت مهم تبارك اهللا گاأيا إ :سمية
Christin: llah ybark fik بارك فيكياهللا. :كريستين
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
150 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Vocabulary:
health s -saHt احتالص Health clinic
s-sbit$ar سبيطارال The importance
la'hmiya الألهمية
Nurse afrmli أفرملي Well anu أنو Doctor (masc.)
ad $bib أضبيب Diarrhea adis أديس
Doctor (fem.)
tad $bibt تضبيبت To imunize jlb/šrd$ شرض/جلب
To be sick mrd$ مرض To give birth
aru أرو
Medicines d-dwa / idiwan
إديوان/ دوا To be pregnant
aru أرو
Injection tismi تسمي
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
155 � Tamazight
PRACTICE
Exercise 1: puut the household items in the correct “room”.
but$agaz/ l-but $a
البوطة/زگاابوط
l-kursi الكرسي n-namusiya ةالنموسي
t$-t$abla الطبلة s $-s$abun ابونالص taānjawt تغنجاوت
l-kuzina
الكوزينة
الطاوة
t$-t$awa
t$-t$awa الطاوة l-ktab الكتاب aman أمان asid أسيد t$-t$bsil الطبسيل
l-bit
البيت
lusada/attag گاتا/لوسدة
tasfayt فايتست
r-robini وبينير
bit l-ma
بيت الما
Exercise 2: describe how you want to set up your house during your stay in
Morocco, and then list the items you will need in your house.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
156 � Peace Corps/Morocco
SAFETY AND SECURITY Objective: by the end of this chapter, you will be able to:
• List some safety and security problems you might encounter in your
service.
• Describe some strategies for dealing with these issues.
• Use Tamazight to implement these strategies.
HARASSMENT
Vocabulary:
Gazelle* tamlalt/ l-āzala
�₢ҟ ��/E₢5ا= To follow someone
t$fur ر$;f
The beautiful*
tiHli * Ǒ � To get in someone's way
��ض $rrdع
The beauty*
z-zin ( � ا5₢
*These words are often used by men to harass women.
Sexual harrassment t-taHruš l-jinsi ش الجنسيالتحر He followed me. it$far i. إطفاري What do you want? may trit? اي تريت؟م
Go away. ddu ibrdannk. و إبردانكد
Get away (far) from me. bعd i/ عrq i. عرقي/ بعدي
Let go of me. rzm i. رزمي
Don't touch me. adur i tHadat. أدور إتحادات Don't follow me again. ad usar tعawat ad i
tt$furt .ت أد إتفورتواأد أوسارتعا
Give me some space. Ki s t tisaكي س التيساع .ع.
Go or you will regret it. ddu nād at-ndmt. و نغد أتندمتد.
I will tell the police. ad عlmā l-bulis. أد علمغ إ البوليس.
I will call the gendarms. ad ārā i jadarmiya. ةأد غرغ إ جدرمي.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
157 � Tamazight
Respect yourself. Htarm ixfnk. م إخفنكحتار.
He doesn't want to get (far) away from me.
ur iri ad i bعd. أور إري أد إبعد.
I told you, get (far) away from me.
niā ak عrqi. نيغاك عرقي.
I told you: go away. niā ak ddu ibrdannk. و إبردانكنيغاك د.
Text:
idā Cathy tffā sg dar chabab
illa yan bu t $-t$omobil ibdda taman ubrid. idā tgulan Cathy tama ns innay as "ali azzin a km nsguliā" Cathy tnnay as" ddu ibrdannk, is trit kan yan ad it$fur utmak?" tqqim Cathy tt$far abridns. d iqqima bu t $-t$omobil it$far t. tbbi abrid s aziy yad $nin. d tkna ixfns d tmun d ubridns. diā g as wissin ijra mayd ijran g as amzwaru. walayni g was wiskrad$ tna Cathy i bu t$-t$omobil: "mk tعawt ad i tt$furt hat ad عlmā i l-bulis. walayni iعawd it$far t. ukan tdda s l-bulis d tعlm asn. d tka asn n-nimiru n t$-t$omobil. l-bulis umzn bu t $omobil d āran i Cathy. bu t$-t$omobil ittr l-musamaHa sg Cathy. d iggulla afad usar inni a t it$fur tiklt yad $nin.
.بدار الشباگ س تي تفغ كاگلي
".و2#@?:)ألي أزين أكم " :اسي تمانس إنا تي كاو=نتگإدغ . دإال يان بو الطوموبيل إبدا تمان أبريد إقيم بو .ي تتفارأبريد نستتقيم كا إس تريت كان يان أد يتفور أتماك؟، دو إبردانك" :ي تناياس تكا
2. mag illa bu t $-t$omobil? 2 .إال بوالطموبيل؟گما
3. mayd ina bu t$-t$omobil i Cathy? 3 .ي؟تمايد إنا بوالطموبيل إ كا
4. is tmman Cathy d bu t$-t$omobil? is tni Cathy t $-t$omobil?
ي تمبيل؟ إس تني كاوي د بو الطتإس تمان كا. 4 الطموبيل؟
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
158 � Peace Corps/Morocco
5. may tskr Cathy idā t-it$far bu t$-t$omobil?
ي إدغ تتفور بو الطموبيل؟تمايد تسكر كا. 5
6. mayd iskr bu t$-t$omobil idā t umzn l-bulis?
ن البوليس؟مايد إسكر بوالطموبيل إدغ تومز. 6
English translation:
Cathy coming out of the youth center
When Cathy was coming out of the youth center, there was a man in his car by the side of the road. As she passed by him, he told her: “Get in gazelle, I will take you home.” Cathy said: “Go away. Is it okay with you if someone harasses your sister?” Cathy kept walking and the man was following her with his car. She crossed the road, ignoring him, and continued on her way. The next day, the same thing happened with that man. The following day Cathy told the man: “If you follow me again I will tell the police.” In fact, he did follow her again and so she went to the police station. She told them what happened and gave them the license plate number. The police arrested the man and called Cathy. The man apologized to Cathy and promised not to get in her way again.
AT THE TAXI STAND
Vocabulary:
Seat l-blas $t البالصت Windsheild tajjajt اجتتج Tire r-rwida الرويدة Cracked trza ترزا Smooth ttumHa تومحا To be
Carlos: l-fikra iHlan aya. الفكرة إحالن أيا. :كارلوس
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
171 � Tamazight
Jamal: ay, llahmma slamat wala ndamat
.ييه اللهم السالمت أوال الندامت :جمال
Questions:
1. mayd da yskar Carlos? 1 . مايد دايسكار كارلوس؟
2. mayd igan l-muškil? 2 .ن المشكلنس؟گامايد إ
3. mayd ixs$s $an Carlos ad ig afad ad ihnna?
أفاد أد إهنا؟ گ كارلوس أد إنمايد إخصا. 3
English translation:
Jamal: Peace be upon you.
Carlos: And peace be upon you too. Welcome.
Jamal: What are you doing at home?
Carlos: Nothing, just sitting around.
Jamal: Let’s go out.
Carlos: Okay.
Jamal: What is this? This lock is not strong. You need a strong one. You also need a sliding metal bolt in order to lock the door from the inside.
Carlos: Good idea. Where can I get these from?
Jamal: From the hardware store or from souk tomorrow. Also this window needs iron bars so you feel safe. Let’s go to the welder’s to fix this window now. You need to measure it.
Carlos: Excellent idea.
Jamal: It’s better to be safe than sorry.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
172 � Peace Corps/Morocco
POLITICAL HARASSMENT
Vocabulary:
To end sbd سبد Population/people š-šعb بالشع
War l-Hrb الحرب For d د Citizen l-muwat$in المواطن Against d $idd ضد
Normal عadi عادي To convince qnقنع ع Freedom l-Huriya يةالحر Killing tanuāi تنوغي Democracy dimuqrat$iya ةالديموقراطي To kill nā نغ Subject l-mud$uالموضوع ع
Dialogue:
John iqqima g lqhwa da iqra "newsweek" mddn da tfrrajn g l-jazira. yan urgaz ina i John:
، مدن دا "نيوزويك" القهوة دا يقرا گدجون إقيما .ز إنا إ دجونگايان أور. الجزيرةگتفراجن
l-muwat$in: sawl i bush ad isbd l-Hrb. ساول إ بوش أد إسبد الحرب. :المواطن John: nkkin āas yan l-muwat$in
adi sg mirikan. lxdmtinuعad عawnā mddn aytx ayd snā.
5. is __________ utfl affla n عari? 5 . ري؟أتفل أفال ن عا_______ إس
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
186 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Adverbs of opinions
Adverbs expressing certainty/uncertainty/doubt
Yes ay/ih إه/أي
Sure nnit نيت Okay waxxa/xyar خيار/ وخا
That’s all ukan/Hilli هيلي/نكاوأ
Not sure muHal موحال Maybe عniā عنيغ
Doubtless bla š-šk بال الشك PREPOSITIONS
Using Prepositions with Pronoun Endings & Verbs
Learning how to use prepositions correctly can sometimes be tricky. First, the
prepositions don’t always correspond directly to English prepositions. Thus, at
different times in Tamazight we will use different prepositions for what would
be the same preposition in English. Second, prepositions sometimes change in
meaning depending upon the verb they are used with. This is true in English, too:
She spoke on the rights of homeless people. (on means “on the subject of”)
I put the book on the table. (on means “on top of”)
With these challenges, it may take awhile for you to be a master of Tamazight
prepositions. But with continued use and exposure, they will become natural for
you, just as greetings are now natural for you.
In this section, we will look at two aspects of prepositions: 1. how to connect
prepositions with pronoun endings, and 2. which verbs use certain prepositions.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
187 � Tamazight
Prepositions
On/about xf/āif غيف /خف With someone id/did ديد /إد
At the place of āur غور
To/for i إ In dig گ#د
xf/āif
The preposition xf/āif is used with many verbs and can be translated into two
english prepositions: "on" or "about"
It is used with certain verbs simply to express the meaning of the verb.
"xf"/"āif" with pronoun affixes
About me āifi غيفي
About you (masc.) āifk غيفك
About you (fem.) āifm غيفم
About her āifs غيفس
About him āifs غيفس
About us āifnā غيفنغ
About you (masc. pl.) āifun غيفون
About you (fem. pl.) āifkunt غيفكنت
About them (masc.) āifsn غيفسن
About them (fem.) āifsnt غيفسنت
Some verbs that go with "xf"/"āif"
To laugh t$s ;`
To lie skdb/sHlil ب*<% /J%#W#A
To die mmt I5
To look/search for inig گإ#G
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
188 � Peace Corps/Morocco
To cry al أل
To greet sllm /A%
Examples:
Did we talk about the Peace Corps' goals?
is nsawl āif lahadaf n hay'at s-salam?
ة ئإس نساول خف لهداف ن هي السالم؟
Yes we talked about them.
ay nsawl āifsn. أي نساول غيفسن.
Greet them alot (sincerely).
sllm āifsn bzzaf. افسلم غيفسن بز.
Are you dying for pizza? is da tmtat āif l-pidza. يتزا؟لپاغيف ت إس داتمتا
Yes, I'm dying for it? ay da tmtatā āifs أي دتمتاتغ غيفس.
I don't know to speak French and he laughed at me.
ur sinā ad sawlā tafransist d it$ssa āifi.
تفرنسيست أور سينغ أد ساولغ.د إطسا غيفي
"id"/"did" with (someone)
With me didi/idi إدي /ديدي
With you (masc.) idk إدك With you (fem.) idm إدم With him/her ids إدس With us idnā إدنغ With you (masc. pl.) idun إدون With you (fem. pl.) idunt إدونت With them (masc.) idsn إدسن With them (fem.) idsnt إدسنت
Verbs:
To laugh t$s طس
To meet jmجمع ع
To stay qqim قيم
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
189 � Tamazight
To accompany mun مون To get to know myassan انمياس To quarell/fight nnaā ناغ
Examples:
Yesterday I fought with you, why are you talking to me?
as $nat nnaā idk, max da yi tsawalt?
ي يا ماخ دأسناط ناغ إدك تساوالت؟
We stayed with them at the cafe.
nqqima idsn g l-qhwa. القهوةگنقيما إدسن .
Did you know them already?
is tmyassant idsnt yad? انت إدسنت ياض؟إس تميس
Come with us to the association.
mun idnā s l-jmعiya .ةمون إدنغ س الجمعي
"āur" at the place of
At my place āuri غور
At your place (masc.) āurk غورك
At your place (fem.) āurm غورم
At his/her place āurs غورس
At our place āurnā غورنغ
At your place (masc. pl.) āurun غورون
At your place (fem. pl.) āurunt غوركنت
At their place (masc.) āursn غورسن
At their place (fem.) āursnt غورسنت
Verbs:
To have breakfast fd $r فضر To have dinner mnsu منسو To stay qqim قيم To be illi إلي
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
190 � Peace Corps/Morocco
To spend the night ns نس To pass k ك
To buy sā سغ
Examples:
Are you at your family's house (at the place of your family)
is tllit āur l-familank? إس تليت غؤر الفميالنك؟
Yes, I am at their place ay lliā āursn. أي ليغ غورسن.
Have you ever been to Fa'dma's house (to the place of Faďma)
is urdjin tkkit āur Fad $ma?
إس أردجين تكيت غور فضمة؟
I went to her place and had breakfast there.
kkiā āurs asnat$ d fd$rā āurs
كيغ غورس أسناط د فضرغ .غورس
Note: āur can also be used with the adjective "iHla"
Example:
Lissa is dear to me. tHla āuri lissa. اتحال غوري ليس.
"i" to/for
To me i إ To you (masc.) ak أك To you (fem.) am أم To her/him as أس To us aā أغ To you (masc. pl.) awn أون To you (fem. pl.) awnt أونت To them (masc.) asn أسن To them (fem.) asnt أسنت
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
191 � Tamazight
Verbs:
To speak sawl ساول
To excuse samH سامح
To send azn أزن To say ini إني To explain sfhm سفهم
To give as gift hdu هدو
Examples:
He spoke to me about Moroccan culture yesterday
isawli asnat$ āif t-taqafa n l-mārib
غيف التقافة ن ط أسناإساولي. المغرب
He sent him the letter yesterday.
yuzn as tabrat asnat$. يوزناس تبرات أسناط.
She explained to him that she cannot travel at night.
tsfhm as hat ur tāiy a tsafr ggid$.
تسفهماس هات أور تغي أتسافر .يضگ
We gave a present to them at the party.
nhdayasn l-kad$o g l-Hfla الحفلةگنهداياسن الكاضو .
"dig" in
In dig يگد
In me digi ييگد
In you (masc.) dik ديك In you (fem.) digm ميگد
In him/her digs سيگد
In us dignā نغيگد
In you (masc. pl) digun ونيگد
In you (fem. pl) digunt ونتيگد
In them (masc.) digsn سنيگد
In them (fem.) digsnt سنتيگد
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
192 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Verbs:
To ask about sqsa سقسا
To be scared of ggd دگ
To take care of thlla تهال
Examples:
Your brother asked about you yesterday but he didn't find you.
isqsa digm gmanm assant $ walayni ur km yufi.
وليني نطما نم أساگم يگإسقسا د.أور كم يوفي
The director is strict and the children are afraid of him.
l-mudir išqqa, d iširran ggdn sg digs.
سگ دنگالمدير إشقا د إشران .سيگد
Did your family take care of you?
is thlla dik l-familank? ملة نك ؟إس تهال ديك الفا
Yes, they took care of me.
ay thlla digi. ييگأي تهال د.
THE DEFINITE ARTICLE
The definite article in Tamazight is included in the noun.
Examples:
The man argaz زگاأر the men irgzn زن)إر
The house taddart ارت*H the houses taddrwin a0درو H
The women tamt$t$ut 5 Hت"C the women tiwtmin a#)H"#H
Indefinite articles:
The indefinite articlte “a” (m, s)
yan 0 ن
The indefinite articlte “a” (f, s)
yat 0 ت
Some (m) idsn a%إد
Some (f) idsnt IG%إد
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
193 � Tamazight
Examples:
A man yan urgaz زگا0 ن أور
A woman yat tmt$t$ut ت"C)H 0 ت
Some men idsn irgzn إر a%زنگإد
Some women idsnt twtmin H IG%إدa#)H"
PARTICLES OF PROXIMITY
'd' and 'n' can be combined to any verb of motion to express orientation or proximity.
The particle ’d’ refers to "to here" and the 'n' refers to "to there"
Examples:
I brought the letter (to here)
iwiā d tabrat إويغد تبرات
I brought the letter (to there)
iwiā n tabrat إويغن تبرات
Faďma came (to here) tdda d Fad$ma اد فضمةتد Faďma came (to there) tdda n Fad $ma ان فضمةتد
Position of particles
'd' and 'n' are placed after the verb in the past tense as seen in the examples
above. However in the following cases they are placed before the prefixes or
markers. Note that especially in the case of the present and future tenses, the
particle of proximity can look like a different conjugation. "ad n zurā" "I will
visit (to there)" is assimilated to "an-zurā" making it resemble the "we" form
prefix. Only the 'ā' at the end tells you that the subject is "I" and not "we."
Future and present tense:
Future/present marker + particle of proximity + verb stem
Examples:
I come (to there) every day to the association.
da n tdduā kuyas s l-jmعiya
.دا نتدوغ كوياس س الجمعية
I will visit (to there) the village
ad n zurā -> an-zurā tamazirt
أنزوغ زورغند أ.تمازيرت
Note the assimilation of "ad n" to "an" in the second example.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
194 � Peace Corps/Morocco
Negation:
ur + particle of proximity + verb
I'm sorry, I didn't come to the wedding today.
samHi, ur n ddiā s tamāra assant$.
ديغ س تمغرا أور ن .محيسا أسناط
Interogative form
is/id + particle of proximity + verb
Examples:
Did he bring the letter (to there)?
is n yiwi tabrat? يوي تبرات؟ إس ن
Did he bring the letter (to here)?
is d yiwi tabrat? يوي تبرات؟ إس د
Conditional form
mk/amr + particle of proximity + verb
Examples:
If he slept here, I will stay
mk d insa da, ad qqimā مك دينسا دا أد قيمغ .
If he had stayed (to there) I would have gone
amr n iqqimi, is ddiā يغ،أمر ن إقيميإس د .
Note: Sometimes 'i' is inserted when there is an indirect object
Examples:
I collect water da tagmā aman. مغ أمانتگدا
I collect it da t tagmā مغ تگدا ت
I collect it (to here) da tid tagmā مغتگدا تيد
I collect it (to there) da tin tagmā مغتگدا تين
LINKING WORDS/CONJUNCTIONS
that/who/which nna نا Where is the money that I lent you?
mani l-flus nna ak rd$lā? رضلغ؟ كاماني الفلوس نا
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
195 � Tamazight
Where is the girl who sells carpets?
mani tarbat nna iznzan ikd$fan?
ماني تربات نا إزنزان إكضفان؟
I saw the house which has been burnt.
annayā taddart nna yāusn.
.أنايغ تدارت نا إغوسن
when adday ايأد Come and visit when you are free.
adday tsulat tzritn. اي تسوالت تزريتنأد.
When you are going to the fields, please tell me.
adday tddit s igran tinit i t.
ران تينيتگأداي تديت س إ.يت
that hat تها
Tell Moha that I'll come.
inniy as i MoHa hat an dduā.
.إ موحا هات أندوغ إنياس
I told her that I have no time.
nniā as hat ur āuri lwqt. نيغاس هات أور غوري لوقت.
in which/where in nnag گنا
The house in which I live is big.
taddart nnag zdāā txatr. ارت ناتخاترغ زدغگتد .
The school in which she works is far.
l-mdrasa nnag txddm tعrq.
. تخدم تعرقگالمدرسة نا
The house where I live is small.
tmzziy taddart nnag zdā. ارت ناي تدغ زدغگتمز.
Show me (the place) where he hid the thief.
snعti adāar nnag iffr ašffar.
.شفار إفر أگسنعتي أدغار نا
who is/are ayd أيد I am the one who is responsible here.
nk ayd yklfn s da. نك أيد إكلفن س دا.
You are the one who knows where to go.
kiy ayd isn mas tddut. وتن ماس تدكي أيد إس.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
196 � Peace Corps/Morocco
to whom/whose nnami نامي The men to whom we gave money have left.
ddan irgzn nnami nka l-flus.
.لفلوسازن نامي نكا گدان إر
Here is the woman whose donkey died this morning.
han tamt$ut nnami ymmut uāyul s $-s$baHtx.
مي يموت أغيول هان تمطوت نا.الصباحتخ
unless āas mk غاس مك I'll be back tomorrow unless it rains.
qad عaydā askka āas mk yiwt unzar.
قاد عايدغ أسكا غاس مك ييوت .نزارأ
since sg گس
I have not seen him since he arrived.
ur tannayā sg may didda. اگسأور تنا يغمايد إد .
He has been waiting for you since ten.
iqql ak sg lعšra. العشرةگس إقل أك .
before urta رتاوأ
I'll be back before you leave.
ad عaydā urta tddit. يتأد عايدغ أرتا تد.
when mantur منتور I would like to know when John will be back.
riā ad isinā mantur ad iddu John.
ريغ أد إسينغ منتور أد إدو .دجون
She did not tell Mary when I would be arriving.
ur as tnni i Mary mantur ad awd$ā.
أور أس تني ماري منتور أد .أوضغ
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
197 � Tamazight
although mqqar رمقا
Although she was tired, she went to work.
mqqar twHl tdda s l-xdmt.
.مقار توحل تدال س الخدمت
He gave her the book although she does not know how to read.
ikay as l-ktab mqqar ur tsin a tār.
لكتاب مقار أور تسين اإكا ياس .غرأت
شعلحقا laHqqašع
ašku أشكو
Because
idā إدغ I went out with him because I like him.
munā dids عlaHqqaš yعjbi.
.مونغ ديدس علحقاش إعجبي
She did not talk to me because she doesn't know me.
ur i tsawil idā ur i tsin ينأور تساويل إدغ أور إتس.
He locked the house because there was no one inside.
irgl taddart ašku walu awdyan.
. تدارت أشكو والو أوديانلگإر
idā إدغ When/since
aynna أينا I gave him the letter when he arrived.
kiā as tabrat idā d yiwd$. كيغ أس تبرات إدغ.دييوض
We talked when we went out. n sawl aynna nffā. نساول أينا نفغ.
Since you do not know be quiet...
idā ur tssint tfst... ينت تفستإدغ أور تس.
while/what aynna أينا We were working while you were talking.
da nxddm aynna da tsawalm.
.دان خدم أينا داتساوالم
He stole the money from us while we were asleep.
yukr aā l-flus aynna ngn. ننگلفلوس أينا ايوكراغ.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
198 � Peace Corps/Morocco
I gave her what she needs.
kiā as aynna tra. كيغ أس أينا ترا.
Take what you want. asi aynna trit. أسي أينا تريت.
to whom mami ميما
I want to know to whom you gave the money.
riā ad isinā mami tkit l-flus.
ريغ أد إسينغ مامي تكيت .لفلوس
until allig گليأ
He waited until he came. iqql as allig d yiwd . دييوضگليإقل أس أ .$
I was working until he came.
ar xdmā allig didda. مغ أاگليأر خدديد .
what mayd يدما
I want to see what he has brought.
riā ad inniyā mayd isāa. ريغ أد إنييغ مايد إسغا.
She wants to know who went out.
tra a tisin mayd iffān. سين مايد إفغنت ترا أ.
where mas سما
Tell her where he went. inniy as mas idda. اإني ياس ماس إد.
where in dinnag گدينا
Where do you take the animals to drink?
mani dinnag tsswam l-bhaym?
. تسوام البهايمگماني دينا
This is where I sleep. han dinnag gganā. نغ گاگهان دينا.
where aynnag گأينا
Show me where you store water.
snعt i aynnag tggat aman. ت أمانتگا گسنيعتي أينا.
about what maxf ما خف
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
199 � Tamazight
Tell me what you are talking about
iniyi maxf da tsawalm. إنييي ماخف دا تساوالم.
mimk ميمك How
mamk مكما
Show me how you did it. snعti mamk as tgit, يتتگسنعتي مامك أس.
Show me how to knead bread.
snعti mamk da tعjant. تعجانتا سنعتي مامك د.
in oder to afad دأفا
I'm going to bed in order to get up early.
ddiā ad gnā afad ad nkrā zik.
.نغ أفاد أد نكرغ زيكگديغ أد
I gave him a biscuit in order to keep him quiet.
kiā as l-gato afad ad ifst.
.طو أفاد إفستگالكيغ اس ا
walayni ��و� But
mašan ن���
I want to marry her, but she doesn't like me.
riā a tt tawlā walaynni ur i tri.
* أور ��ي إر�1 أ��و₢1 و₢�� .
He invited us for dinner but we didn't want to go.
iāra yaā s imnsi mašan ur nri a nddu.
* ��Nن أور غإ=�ا�� ẇس إ���و# #�ي أ.
just āas غاس Just as we arrived, it began to rain.
gas niwď ibda day-kkat unzar.
ت يكاس نيوض إبدا داغا.نزارأ
except āas غاس Everybody understood except me.
kultn fhmn āas nk. كولتن فهمن غاس نك.
They all came except Moha.
ddant kultnt āas Moha. انت كولغاس موحاتنتد .
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
200 � Peace Corps/Morocco
kud كود While/as
maHd ماحد You have to go while there is still time.
ddu kud isul l-Hal. و كود إسولالحالد.
I will plant it while it is still warm.
a t tzzuā maHd isul iHma l-Hal.
حد إسول إحما زوخ مات ت أ.الحال
She talks as she cooks. kud tsnwa tsawal. كود تسنوا تساوال.
aynnas سيناأ wherever
aynnaār أيناغر Wherever you go, I will go with you.
aynnas tddit a dik munā . يد أمونغ ديك أيناس تد.
whoever wnna ونا Whoever comes is welcome.
wnna didan mrHba is. ان مرحبا إسونا ديد.
let alone daššn داشن I don’t care about them, let alone him.
ur kkulā digsn daššn nta سن داشن نتايگأور كولغ د.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
201 � Tamazight
MOROCCAN HOLIDAYS
Holidays in Morocco are extremely important and festive occasions. Women and girls have henna parties and come out of their houses to celebrate. Visitors are entertained and gifts are exchanged among friends. Particular religious rites are performed. Special sweets and foods are washed down by glass after glass of mint tea as everyone gets caught up in the socializing and celebrating.
• RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS.
There are both religious and civil holidays in Morocco. The Gregorian calendar, based on solar computation, is used for civil purposes. This is the calendar Westerners generally use.
The Islamic calendar{ XE "Islamic Calendar" \f "v" }, based on lunar computation, divides the year into twelve months which reoccur in varying relationship to the Gregorian year and complete their cycle every thirty years of 355 days. These thirty-year cycles consist of nineteen years of 354 days and eleven years of 355 days. Thus, the Islamic calendar gains 10 to 11 days a year on the Gregorian year.
This calendar is called the Hegiran calendar because its starting point was the hegira, when Mohamed fled from Mecca in 622 of the Gregorian calendar. This calendar is used for religious purposes in Morocco.
Month Transcription
Name Arabic Festivals
1st muнarram مرح10 مth of the month: taعšurt
2nd s afar فرص
3rd rabiع l-luwl لبيع اللور 12th of the month: id l-muludع
4th rabiع t-tani بيع التانير
5th jumada l-luwla لةمادى اللوج
6th jumada t-tanya مادى التانيةج
7th rajab بجر
8th šعban شعبان
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
202 � Peace Corps/Morocco
9th ramadan ضانمر
10th šuwal الشو 1st of the month: l-عid amzzan
11th du l-qiعda دو القيعدة
12th du l-нijja ةج10 دو الحth of the month: l-عid axatar
Here are sescriptions of the major festivals:
� tعašurt تعشورت
muнarram, the first month of the Islamic year, is in Morocco called ayyur tعašurt, the month of the tعašurt. It has derived this name from the feast on the tenth day of the month. This day, called as tعašurt is the Islamic New Year’s Day. It is said that Allah created Adam and Eve, heaven and hell, and life and death on the 10th.
The Day of Ashura (راء$[ �� translit: عašura, also Aashoora and other
spellings) is on the 10th day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar and marks the
climax of the Remembrance of Muharram but not the Islamic month. For Shi'a
Muslims, it commemorates the martyrdom of Husayn ibn Ali, the grandson of
Muhammad at the Battle of Karbala in the year 61 AH (AD 680), and is a day for
mourning.
Ashura is also commemorated by Muslims as the traditional date on which
Noah's ark came to rest, the prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) was born and the Ka'ba
was built in Mecca. Ashura corresponds to the Jewish festival of Yom Kippur,
which was held by the Jews of Medina
Good food has a place in the rejoicing of tعašurt, in accordance with the
traditional saying of the Prophet, “Who give the plenty to his household on the
tعašurt day, God will bestow plenty upon him throughout the remainder of the
year.” Cow, bullock, goat, sheep, dried dates, and eggs are fixed according to
local custom. Visits to the graves of relatives and alms-giving are common at this
time.
Of great interest are the fire and water rites practiced at tعašurt, to which
purificatory and other beneficial effects are ascribed. On tعašurt eve, “the
bonfire night” fires are built throughout the town and the people sing and dance
around them. The chief object of the rite is to purify men and animals or to
protect them from evil influences, since there is “baraka” (blessings) from those
fires.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
203 � Tamazight
Similar effects are attributed to the water rites which even more
frequently are practiced on the following morning. It is a general belief that
there is baraka in all water on this morning. To take a bath on the morning of the
tعašurt day is a very wide-spread custom, and in many cases it was expressly said
that it must be done before sunrise. Children are traditionally involved in this
festival. They dress-up, play small drums, and are given gifts during this holiday.
عيد المولود id l-muludع �
In Morocco, the third month of the Islamic year is called ayyur l-mulud, the month of the mulud. These names are given because of the feast celebrating the birth of the Prophet which commences on the twelfth day of the month and lasts for several days. The mulud is a particularly blessed month and all children born during it are considered fortunate.
The Prophet’s Birthday has more significance in Morocco because Morocco is
a Kingdom rather than a republic, and King Mohamed VI is a descendant of the
Prophet. The anniversary is brilliantly celebrated at the Imperial Palace in Rabat
and in the evening in Sale a great procession of candles takes place.
In Meknes the Aissaoua brotherhood has its own unique celebration worth seeing. Followers of the holy man, l-hadi Ben Aissa throng to Meknes and play music, dance, celebrate and make what is called “the small pilgrimage” to nearby saints’ tombs.
� laylatu l-qadr ليلة القدر
Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic year. The most important feature of Ramadan is the complete abstinence from food, drink and sexual activity from daybreak to sunset. Every Muslim who has reached the age of puberty must fast. Pregnant women, menstruating women, travelers, and those who are ill are exempt from fasting, but should make it up at a later date.
According Islam, there is one night in Ramadan which is more important than any other, namely, laylatu l-qadr, “the night of power.” The Koran is sent down to the Prophet on that night. This night is one of the last ten nights of Ramadan, but its exact date has not been discovered by anyone but the Prophet himself. It is said to be one of the odd nights—the 21st, 23rd, 25th, 27th, or 29th—and in Morocco it is celebrated on the 27th day.
On the night of the 27th, the Muslims go to the mosque to pray. From sundown to daybreak, the imam (the prayer leader) reads the Koran. The complete Koran is read before the sun rises. It is believed by some that the sky
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
204 � Peace Corps/Morocco
will open up during this night and wishes will ascend directly to Allah and be granted. During the night, special meals of couscous are prepared and brought to the mosques. Those unable to go to the mosque eat specially prepared meals at home. Each family gives part of the meal to the poor.
� l-عid amzzan انالعيد أمز
Immediately following Ramadan is l-عid mzzin, or “the little feast.” Everyone stays up very late to hear the announcement that the new moon has been sighted and Ramadan and fasting are over. When it has officially been sighted, a three-day festival ensue in which alms-giving plays a major role. The alms (zakat l-fitr) usually consist of food items like wheat or barley, and each family does the best it can and it is given just the day of l-عid. The chief
religious rite of the feast is a prayer service at the mosque in the morning.
� l-عid axatar أختارالعيد
On the tenth day of the month du l-нijja, the last month of the year, the Islamic world celebrates its yearly sacrificial feast. In Morocco it is known as l-عid mqqurn or “the great feast.” This is the central feast in Islam, comparable to and derived from the feast of the atonement, Abraham’s substitute sacrifice. Hence, the animal sacrificed must be mature and without blemish.
Every family must have its own sheep just as Americans need turkeys for
the proper celebration of Thanksgiving. Those who cannot afford a sheep buy a
lamb or another less expensive animal. In Morocco, the animal cannot be slain
until the King has killed his sheep. Then in each household, the head of the
family kills the sheep (sometimes a butcher is asked to come to the house and
perform the ritual). The sheep is eaten in an orderly fashion determined by local
custom. For example, on the first day, the liver, heart, stomach, and lungs are
eaten. On the second day, normally the head and feet are eaten. However, the
head and feet can be eaten on the first day if that is the local custom. There
are purification and sanctification customs and rites that prepare the people for
the holy feast and its principal feature, the sacrifice. People must purify and
sanctify themselves in order to benefit from the holy feast and its sacrifice.
Personal cleanliness should be observed. Men and boys visit the barber and often make a trip to the hammam as well.
Henna is used as a cosmetic. Women paint their hands with it and, in many cases, also their feet. Among some ethnic groups, henna is also applied to domestic animals.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
205 � Tamazight
Alms-giving and prayer are two other purification rites practiced during the great feast. Gifts are exchanged between family members and a portion of the meal is given to the poor. The day begins with prayer. The chief praying ceremony takes place in the morning at the mosque.
• MOUSSEMS.
Many Moroccan communities commemorate local saints, or “marabous,” in a yearly festival or “moussem.” Most moussems are held near the tomb of the marabou and involve music, dancing and fantasia. For a very famous marabou’s moussem, people will come from very far away. Some very famous moussems celebrate Moulay Bouchaib (near El Jadida), Moulay Brahim (near Marrakech), Moulay Yaعqub (Fes), and Moulay Idriss (Fes). Many towns have their own moussems known only to those in the region.
• NATIONAL HOLIDAYS.
In addition to the religious holidays, some important civil holidays commemorating significant events in Morocco’s recent history are celebrated. The most important of these are Independence Day, the Throne feast, Green March Day, and King Mohamed’s birthday.
The Festival of the Throne, or عid l-عrš, is the biggest of the civil holidays. This festival commemorates the coming to power of the King on July
30, 1999. Celebrations including parades with nationalistic anthems usually occur in the cities with local government officials, like the governor, making appearances. Traditionally during this holiday, country people come to visit their city relatives, who are expected to feed and house them for the duration of the festival. There is often a special emphasis on improving the appearance of the town prior to this holiday. City employees clean streets and paint walls, and townspeople are sometimes required by government officials to paint their doors, whitewash their houses, and display flags.
Green March Day is also celebrated by large parades in most of Morocco. This day commemorates one of the greatest achievements of King Hassan II: the mobilization of 350,000 Moroccans for the march into the Sahara territory. On November 6, 1975, the first Moroccan marchers, under the leadership of the then Prime Minister Ahmed Osman, set out from Tarfaya and entered the Spanish territory. During the celebration, those who went on the actual march once again dress up in green and re-enact the march.
Independence Day, or عid l-istiqlal, commemorates the November 18,
1956 return of Mohamed V from his French-imposed exile in Madagascar. This day gives rise to receptions at the Imperial Palace and parades and celebrations all over Morocco.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
206 � Peace Corps/Morocco
The last of these major national holidays celebrates the King’s Birthday, August 21, 1962. There are many organized celebrations in Rabat and broadcasts on the radio praising the King.
• REGIONAL FESTIVALS.
There are also many regional festivals which are centered around a particular product in which a region specializes. The product is displayed and sold; music and other activities take place in an atmosphere similar to a country fair.
Some famous regional festivals are the Cherry Festival in Sefrou, the Date Festival in Erfoud, the Rose Festival in El-Kelaat M’Gouna (near Ouarzazate), the Marrakech Folklore and Music Festival, and the Immouzer Idawtanan Honey Festival (near Agadir).
One of the most interesting festivals in Morocco is the re-enactment of an ancient market in the High Atlas Mountains. At one time, these very isolated High Atlas tribes would gather yearly at a specific point near Imilchil where many mountain paths met for the yearly “market.” Provisions for many months were bought and sold and at one time one of the reasons for coming was to acquire a bride. Men would meet a girl for the first time and pay her dowry then take her home. Some say this practice still exists and others say it is just a re-enactment for tourists, but in any case, it is a large market where many Berbers still buy many of the coming year’s provisions.
Religious, civil, and regional festivals are an excellent chance to get out and see interesting things, meet people on an informal basis, and have fun. Dates of these celebrations can be obtained from the national tourist office branches in many cities, but people in your community will usually provide you with the information about your region.
It should be noted that the same festival may be celebrated somewhat differently in various sections of the country. For example, in Errachidia Province, a far greater emphasis is put on Green March Day than in other sections of Morocco because that province provided the first contingent for the march.
Be sure to check out the expectations of your community for a particular
holiday, particularly in terms of visitation, entertaining, gift-giving, and
participation, so you can get as involved as possible and enjoy the holidays.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
229 � Tamazight
Widen sws4 ع%$% swsaع ع�%$% swsعā
Win rbH ] ح�trbaH �9� ر9 rbHā
Wipe off sfd$ { ;% sffd$ { ;% sfd$ā
Wipe dry zwu زوو zggu وگز zwiā
Wish tmnna ���� tmnna ���� tmnnaā
Wither sllaw وҟ % tslliw وҟ ẇ� ---
Witness šhd �T[ tšhad �TN�د šhdā
Wonder at rعb p ب���� abعtr ر� rعbā
Work xdm م�G xddm م�G xdmā
Worry qllq ^Ǒ" tqllaq قҟ U� qllqā
Wormy, to get
nkr dig.. ibxušn
E<? گد#.. Q"LMإa
nkkr dig.. ibxušn
E<?گد#.. aQ"LMإ
---
Worth, to be
swa ا$% swa ا$% swiā
Wound jrH ح�Q jrrH ح�Q jrHā
Write uru أرو turu رو$� aruā
Y
Yawn fa �3 tfa �;� faā
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.
Nom du document : TAMAZIGHT 2007 12 Répertoire : C:\Documents and
Settings\Administrateur\Bureau\Tamazight calque Modèle : C:\Documents and Settings\Administrateur\Application
Data\Microsoft\Modèles\Normal.dot Titre : Sujet : Auteur : Mots clés : Commentaires : Date de création : 27/11/2007 10:44:00 N° de révision : 61 Dernier enregistr. le : 27/08/2008 20:46:00 Dernier enregistrement par : user Temps total d'édition : 566 Minutes Dernière impression sur : 27/08/2008 20:55:00 Tel qu'à la dernière impression Nombre de pages : 229 Nombre de mots : 36 857 (approx.) Nombre de caractères : 202 717 (approx.)
More free Tamazight courses can be found at the Live Lingua Project website.