Table of Contents Introduction to Atoms Organizing the Elements Metals Nonmetals and Metalloids Radioactive Elements Elements and the Periodic Table.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Atoms

Organizing the Elements

Metals

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Radioactive Elements

Elements and the Periodic Table

Dalton’s ModelDalton thought that atoms were smooth, hard balls.

Introduction to Atoms

Thomson’s ModelThomson suggested that atoms had negatively charged electrons set in a positive sphere. Each electron is represented by the symbol e−.

Introduction to Atoms

Rutherford’s Gold Foil ExperimentRutherford was surprised that a few particles were deflected strongly. Which are the paths of the particles that were not predicted by Thomson’s atomic model?

Introduction to Atoms

Rutherford’s ModelAccording to Rutherford’s model, an atom was mostly open space. The “6+” in the model means that there are six protons in the nucleus.

Introduction to Atoms

Use the diagrams to compare the expected and observed results of Rutherford’s gold foil experiment.

Introduction to Atoms

Bohr’s ModelNiels Bohr suggested that electrons move in specific orbits around the nucleus of an atom.

Introduction to Atoms

Introduction to Atoms

Cloud ModelElectrons move rapidly in different directions around the nucleus.

Introduction to Atoms

Modern Model of an AtomA carbon atom has a nucleus made up of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. The nucleus is surrounded by a cloud of negatively charged electrons.

Particles in an AtomAn atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons. What is the correct charge for each atomic particle?

Introduction to Atoms

Isotopes of CarbonAll isotopes of carbon contain 6 protons. They differ in the number of neutrons. What is the missing information for each isotope?

Introduction to Atoms

Mendeleev’s Periodic TableIn his periodic table, Mendeleev left blank spaces. He predicted that the blank spaces would be filled by elements that had not yet been discovered. He even correctly predicted the properties of those new elements.

Organizing the Elements

SiliconThe entry for silicon (Si) in the periodic table looks like this.

Organizing the Elements

PotassiumPotassium has an atomic number of 19 and an atomic mass of 39.098 amu. Bananas are rich in potassium.

Organizing the Elements

The Periodic TableThe periodic table is one of the most valuable tools to a chemist.

Organizing the Elements

Elements of Period 3The properties of the Period 3 elements change as you move across the period. Which of these are Metal? Metalloid? Nonmetal?

Organizing the Elements

Element Scramble

Organizing the Elements

Elements of Group 10The elements of Group 10 include nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and darmstadtium (Ds).

Organizing the Elements

Recycling Metals Recycling helps conserve energy and reduces the amount of waste in landfills.

Metals

MetalsMany of the objects around you contain metals. What are the objects that will set off the metal detector?

Metals

Classifying Metals Where are the alkali metals and the alkaline earth metals on the periodic table?

Metals

Melting Points in a Group of ElementsThe graph shows the melting points of the Group 1 elements, or the alkali metals.

Metals

Classifying MetalsWhere are the transition metals and the lanthanides and actinides on the periodic table?

Metals

Properties of Metals and NonmetalsWhat are the properties of metals and nonmetals?

Nonmetals and Metalloids

The Families Containing Nonmetals

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Classifying NonmetalsWhere are the nonmetals in Group 14 and Group 15 on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Classifying NonmetalsWhere are the nonmetals in Group 16 and Group 17 on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Classifying NonmetalsWhere are the noble gases and hydrogen on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Classifying MetalloidsWhere are the metalloids on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Portion of the Periodic TableWhat are the chemical symbols of the nonmetals? How are the remaining elements classified?

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Alien Periodic TableWhere do the alien names go on the periodic table?

Nonmetals and Metalloids

Radioactive Elements

Trying to Turn Lead Into GoldWhat are the points in Lucy's argument?

Radioactive DecayRadioactive elements give off particles and energy during radioactive decay. What is the change (if any) that occurs in an unstable nucleus during each form of radioactive decay?

Radioactive Elements

The Effects of Nuclear RadiationThe three main types of nuclear radiation vary in their ability to penetrate materials. Use the key to complete the paths of the alpha particle, beta particle, and gamma ray emitted by the radioactive sample.

Radioactive Elements

Half-Lives of Some Radioactive Isotopes

Radioactive Elements

Radioactive Elements

Radioactive TracersPhosphorus-32 added to soil is absorbed through a plant’s roots. The tracer can be detected in any plant structures in which phosphorus is used. What is happening in each figure?