Table 6.1: Improved selected farm implements and machines

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Table 6.1: Improved selected farm implements and machines

S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION

1. Inclined Plate PlanterSuitability: It is suitable for precision planting of single seed of crops like mustard, sorghum, soybean, cotton seed, pigeon pea, maize, groundnut, okra etc. at predetermined spacing.

No. of rows : 2-6 adjustableRow spacing : 250 mm & above

2. Tractor Drawn Pneumatic PlanterSuitability: To plant single seed at predetermined seed to seed and row to row spacing. Suitable for mustard, sorghum, soy-bean, cotton, pigeon pea, groundnut, okra etc.

Field Capacity : 0.5-1.0 ha/hPower Source : Tractor (35-45 hp)

3. Plastic Mulch Laying MachineSuitability: For laying plastic film for mulching & moisture conservation, raising soil temperature for better germination of seed and weed control.

Capacity : 0.12-0.18 ha/hPower Source : Tractor (35 hp or above)

4. Rotary Assisted Broad Bed Former-cum-seederSuitability: For seeding of soybean and wheat crops on raised bed. Provision has been made for attachment of rotavator for formation of fresh bed or sowing with reshaping of bed with bed shaper only.

Field Capacity : 0.35 ha/h - 0.56 ha/hPower Source : Tractor 50 hp

5. Sugarcane Bud Chipping MachineIt is used for extracting the buds from sugarcane. These buds can be used for preparation of bud-chip nursery for planting sugarcane crop. One operator can chip about 1000 sugarcane bud chips per hour.

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

6. Vegetable TransplanterUse : Planting of Chilly, Brinjal, Tomato etc. Work capacity & description and cost planting capacity : 0.12 ha/h Required power : 35 hp TractorRequired man-power : 2 (one labour for each row)Required seedling tray no. : 2 Kinds of seedling : Seedling without soil

7. Self Propelled Multipurpose Hydraulic System for Orchard OperationsSelf-propelled hydraulic multipurpose system for medium height fruit trees facilitates orchard management operations like harvesting, pruning, spraying and other canopy management practices in fruit trees such as mango, citrus and sapota. These operations are otherwise difficult, labour intensive and cumbersome.

8. Arecanut Sheath ShredderIt shreds arecanut leaf sheath into size of 5-8mm without dust. The shredder is power operated with 3 hp electric motor and gives capacity of 100 kg/hr.• The output size of arecanut sheath shred is 5 to 8 mm, free

from dust.• It can shred arecanut leaf sheath of different moisture

content.

9. Power Operated Ribbonner for JuteIt is for removal of jute fibre from green jute stick i.e. freshly harvested jute crop, without retting of jute sticks. This machine is operated by four persons at a time.• The machine gives output of 100 kg of fibre per hour with

88-90 % ribbon recovery.• Reduces water requirement for retting by 20-25 times. • Retting time is also reduced to 7-8 days only as against

15-20 days with traditional method.

10. Millet ThresherSuitable for threshing of several minor millets like finger millet, barnyard millet, proso millet, kodo millet, foxtell millet (kodo, kutki, ragi etc.). Can also be used for dehulling of barnyard, kodo and proso millets.

Capacity : 80-120 kg/h crops Cost of Operation : Rs. 0.20/kg grain efficiency more than 98%.

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

11. Laser Guided Land LevellerIt is used for levelling the field. There is a control unit which guides the machine through a receiver mounted on machine itself. It saves the irrigation by 20-25%.

12. Tractor Operated Zero Till DrillTractor operated zero till drill is used for drilling wheat im-mediately after the harvest of rice to take advantage of resid-ual moisture, thereby ensuring timeliness for the rabi crop. It forms a thin slit with the help of the inverted ‘T’ type furrow opener to conserve moisture. Initial land preparation is also avoided.

13. Tractor Operated Raised Bed PlanterTwo raised beds can be made using this machine on which planting is also carried out simultaneously. Fertilizer drilling can also be accomplished on the raised beds. It has a field capacity of 0.4 ha/h. Raised bed cultivation saves water and gives about 15% higher yield.

14. Tractor Operated Aero Blast SprayerAero blast sprayer has a tank of 400 l capacity and high pres-sure pumps and a blower operated by pto delivering high vol-ume of spray in orchards to cover the entire canopy.

15. Tractor Operated Peg Type PuddlerIt consists of rectangular frame, pegs and three point hitch system. The square pegs mounted on three bars are uniformly staggered to partial helical configuration for better dispersion of soil. The puddler is operated in 50-100 mm of standing water. As the puddler moves, the pegs tear the soil, uproot the weeds, disperse the soil in water and level the field.

Working width : 2000 mmDraft : 1000 N

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

16. Self Propelled Vertical Conveyor Reaper (walk behind type)The self-propelled vertical conveyor reaper, also known as walk behind type harvester, consists of 6 hp diesel engine, crop row dividers, star wheels, standard cutter bar having 76.2 mm pitch of knife sections, vertical conveyor belts with lugs, steel lugged wheels, power transmission system and operating controls. The engine power is transmitted to cutter bar and conveyor belts through belt and pulleys. The effective cutter bar width is about 1 m.

Weight : 245 kgPower source : 6 hp diesel engine

17. Tractor Operated Straw Reaper-cum-TrailerThis design has the provision of trolley over the straw reaper for collecting the straw. It harvests straw of combine harvested wheat field, gathers shattered ear heads as uncut plants from the field, threshes straw into fine quality bhusa and separates collected grains. Simultaneously it blows bhusa (fine straw) in the in-built overhead trailer. Thus the work of harvesting, threshing, loading and unloading is done with only one tractor while in the existing system additional tractor and trailer is required to collect the straw.

Power Source : 35 hp tractor or aboveLength of cutter ba : 1830 mmHeight of cut : 60 mmNumber of blowe : 1-2Fuel consumption : 5.6 l/h

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE & PROCESSING18. Pedal Operated Potato Peeler

The pedal operated potato peeler is developed for small en-trepreneurs where electricity is not available. The perforated stainless steel drums during rotation remove skin of potatoes as in manual peeler.Its capacity is 188 kg/h with 0.53 man-h/q requirement and 30/- operating cost. The peeling efficiency is 77%.

19. Pedal Operated Potato SlicerThe pedal operated potato slicer is suitable for small entre-preneurs where electricity is not available. It consists of main frame, feeding unit, stainless steel blade etc.

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

20. Cottage Scale Soy Paneer PlantIt is a cottage level plant to produce milk and paneer. It consists of steam generation unit, grinder cum cooker, milk filtration unit and paneer pressing device. The soysplits are grinded at 80 OC in air free surroundings to produce paneer. Its capacity is 300 kg milk and 50 kg paneer per day.

21. CIAE-Millet Mill Developed for dehusking of all minor millets. The capacity of the machine is 100-110 kg/h of millet grains at 10-12 % moisture content.• Power requirement: One hp single phase electric motor.• It has provisions to adjust the clearance between the

dehusking surfaces to suit the different sizes of minor millets.• Working principle: Gentle abrasion/attrition & (aerodynamic)

cyclone separator.

22. Fruit GraderCIAE-Fruit Grader is suitable for all round fruits/vegetables like tomato, guava, amla, apple, citrus, onion, etc.• Capacity of grading is 1.2 to 1.5 tonnes per hour.• Power requirement – 0.5 hp single phase. The Grader is light

in weight (Approx. 138 kg). • Cost of operation is Rs. 51 per tonne assuming 4 hour

operation per day.

23. Aloevera Gel ExtractorThe continuous feed aloevera whole gel extraction unit peels both top and bottom rinds in a single pass with the help of pair of stainless steel blades.• There is a set of stainless steel rods, which are provided at the

outlet, for the aloevera gel to be separated from the peeled upper and lower rind.

• The whole gel is directly collected in the food grade container, which is partially filled with clean water. The top and the bottom leaves are collected separately.

• The equipment is unique in design and very useful in separating the aloevera gel with ease with minimal quantity of aloin.

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

24. Various Soy-products• Soy milk• Soy flour (full fat, medium fat, defatted)• Tofu (soy paneer)• Traditional foods• Dairy analogs• Okara based products

25. CIAE Nutri-bar: A Healthy Snack It substantially contributes to our daily requirement of energy, protein and minerals and also provides added advantages of phenolics and antioxidants. This snack can be used to satisfy “between the meals” hunger and also act as “quick bite” during travel.High in energy and proteins, good source of minerals, phenolics and antioxidants, high satiety value, healthy substitute to sweet and savory snacks.

AGRICULTURAL ENERGY & POWER26. Biomass Gasification & Electricity Generation Plant

• The agro waste crop residues are converted into briquette suited for gasifier.

• The agro waste briquettes are converted into fuel gas. These fuel gases are used in gas engine for generation of electricity.

• The electricity generation is environmental friendly as no extra carbon dioxide is introduced into the atmosphere as compared to fossil fuelled combustion systems. 1 kWh of electricity energy can be produced from 1.2 kg of biomass using developed technology.

IRRIGATION & DRAINAGE ENGINEERING27. Mole Plough

This Plough can be used for making moles at 600 mm depth to drain temporarily water logged vertisols. The plough can be at-tached to a 3-point linkage of a tractor (75 hp or more) and about 600 mm depth from the surface drains are to be constructed.

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

AGRO PROCESSING MACHINERY28. Manually Operated Banana Comb Cutter

Banana-Comb/hand Cutter maintains smooth cutting curve of banana-comb/hand, with no fruit damage during cutting (as in case of knife or sickle cutting, some ba-nana-finger getting damaged). This tool is suitable for all sizes of banana bunch stems.

29. Pomegranate Aril SeparatorThis is extremely useful for small scale fruit juice processors and fruit juice vendors for easy, hygienic and fast separation of arils. About 40-45% arils are already separated in the process of irregular breaking due to shearing action on the inner sheath and outer peel.

POWER OPERATED PROCESSING MACHINES30. Automatic Litchi Peeler

Litchi is non-climacteric fruit that possesses poor shelf life and therefore needs processing to enhance shelf life.

Capacity : 120 kg/hPeeling efficiency : 96 %Pulp loss : 4 %

31. Pomegranate Aril ExtractorThis is used for Pomegranate arils which are not consumed mostly because of the cumbersome process of removing arils from peel. The separated arils can be further processed for juice, dried arils, jellies etc.

Aril extraction capacity : 5.0 quintal /hAril extraction efficiency : 90-94%Mechanical damage : 2-4% to arils

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

32. Custard Apple PulperCustard apple is an underutilized crop due to lack of handling and processing machineries. For food processing industries, this machine would help them to develop new products out of custard apple and get good market value.

Capacity : 120 kg/hPeeling efficiency : 94 %Pulp loss : 6 %

33. Cryogenic Spice Grinding SystemCryogenic spice grinder is a system for grinding of spices at ultra low temperature, thereby maintaining their flavour and medicinal properties. This is Cyclone system for collection of different grades of ground spice powder with capacity of 30–50 kg/h depending on type of spice with 185 litre (self pressurised) liquid nitrogen cylinder capacity.

Capacity : 30–50 kg/h

34. Makhana Popping MachineThis machine has advantages such as mechanized process, reduces time of processing, reduces the drudgery of the labourers, production of high amount of grade I kernel, high throughput, decortication and energy saving.

Capacity : 35-40 kg/hDecortication efficiency : 95 %Popping efficiency : 92-94 %

35. Potato PeelerFor processing of potatoes in any form, removal of peel is an important unit operation. Hence, a power operated batch type potato peeler was developed which is suitable for small scale processor of potato chips and other products.

Capacity : 400 kg/hPeeling efficiency : 99.5 %Peel loss : 0.5 %

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

MACHINERIES USED IN THE POST-HARVEST PROCESSING OF COTTON36. Cotton Pre–Cleaner

Useful to remove the trash from the seed cotton before ginning to get improved gin-ning performance and obtain better quality lint.

Capacity : 3500 – 6000 kg/hPower requirement : 2.98 – 5.59kWCleaning efficiency : 40 – 50%

37. Lilliput Gin A portable ginning machine useful to breed-ers, seed companies, traders, marketing agencies and farmers etc. for ginning small seed cotton (kapas) samples and ascertain the ginning percentage as well as assess fi-bre quality.

Power requirement : 0.75 kW (single phase) Capacity : 5 kg seed cotton/h

38. CIRCOT Miniature Spinning System Useful for assessment of spinning quality of small cotton fibre samples and for the preparation of fibre sliver and yarn samples. The system consists of four table model mi-croprocessor controlled machines (units) viz., Miniature Carding Machine, Miniature Draw frame, Miniature Sliver to Yarn Spin-ner and Rotor OE Spinner.

Output capacity : 100 g/h (cotton sample)Power requirement : Single phase, 0.6 kW

Agricultural Engineering and Produce Management

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

39. Axial Flow Cotton Pre-CleanerUseful for on-farm cleaning of seed cotton by farmers and traders. It removes small trash particles, kawadi, sand and dust.

Power requirement : 1.86Output capacity : 650 kg seed cotton/hCleaning efficiency : 30 - 40%

40. CIRCOT Minicard for Sliver Production (Village Level) This machine is suitable for making sliver from cotton that can be used in cottage industries.

Power requirement : 1.12 kWCapacity : 2 kg/h of sliver

41. Stick Removal Machine for Mechanically Harvested CottonThis machine is used to remove the large sized vegetative trash (sticks) from mechanically harvested cotton.

Power requirement : 3.73 kW and 0.74 kWOutput capacity : 750-800 kg seed cotton/hStick removal efficiency : 80-85%

42. Saw Band Cleaner for Cleaning of Machine Harvested CottonMachine is used to remove fine trash, burrs etc. from mechan-ically harvested seed cotton.

Power requirement : 3.73 kW and 0.74 kW for feed rollerOutput capacity : 800-850 kg seed cotton/hFine trash removal efficiency : 25-30%

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S. No. OPERATION-WISE EQUIPMENT

43. On Board Pre-cleaner for Cleaning Mechanically Stripped Cotton Machine is used for on-farm cleaning of trash, burrs, bracts etc., from cotton harvested by machine stripper.

Cleaning efficiency : 48-50%Capacity : 900-1000 kg/hPower Requirement : 3 kW

44. Lint OpenerUsed for preparing the cotton samples for testing of micronaire value on High Volume Instrument.

Capacity : 30 samples of 100 g each per hourPower Requirement : 2.5 kW

Source : 1. Equipment from 1-27, ICAR-Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Nabi Bagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal. 2. Equipment from 28-35, ICAR- Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering & Technology, Ludhiana, Punjab. 3. Equipment from 36-44, ICAR- Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Adenwala Road, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019.

Agricultural Engineering and Produce Management