8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/t8-b17-faa-trips-1-of-3-fdr-briefing-slides-investigating-air-traffic-control 1/43 MIT 1C AT Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication & Coordination: Results of field studies Hayley J. Davison & R. John Hansman Massachusetts Institute of Technology International Center for Air Transportation
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T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination
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8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination
Much of the current ATC communication research focuses onthe high-level strategic communication such as COM
As the air traffic increases, we must strengthen the lower levelsof strategic communication between facilities (e.g., TMUs)sothat the system will be more flexible to handle disturbances
Need for delay program Traffic overload High traffic flow
m•T
AT/ O/*ATCSCC ^elay program
1 *Facility
TMU1
1
Implement delay^nmftrstm
• • • • • j fT._ ._ A :~.~ .iTactical
Controllers
l
•••
iran c
Flow
Strategic flow changes to
alleviate workload within facility
• There appears to beopportunities to improve informationsharing at the inter-facility level
8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination
Information quality is important to the TRACON TMC
Q Weather forecasts (integrated from NWS, Center meteorologists and possibly
Massport contractor if the first two contradict each other)Q Demand forecasts (found fairly accurately from the TSD)Q Individual work styles of area controllers
Ability to negotiate with TMCs from other facilities is critical
Q Knowledge of structure and capacity of other facility
Q Knowledge of needs and wants of other facilitiesQ Personal acquaintance with TMC makes it more likely to negotiate smoothly
This position is highly dependent on the individual TRACON TMC's
ability to approach the limits of capacity without sacrificing safety
Communication/Coordination Improvements
Q Integrate information-sharing tools: FDIO/GI Messages, TSD, Information Display
System (IDS)Q Increase pro-active traffic flow management by educating TMCs about the
structure and procedures in adjacent facilities
8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination
Q Determining demand for each of the major airports
Q Determining workload from the floor controllers, especially that of the Liberty sector
Q Especially important to get information disseminated timely to floor controllers, other TMCs,and Tower facilities
Q State-of-the-art weather information available from ITWS
Ability to negotiate with TMCs from other facilities is critical
Q Much of the bottlenecks found in New York were found to begin from extreme restrictionimposed on the facilities on aircraft going to ORD from the Cleveland ARTCC
Q Critical to be able to maximize departures by negotiating with NY ARTCC & to other ARTCC'sthrough the ATCSCC
Q Critical to maximize arrivals into all airports, especially Newark by communicating efficiently
with the Tower TMC's
Coordination/Communication Improvements
Q So many restrictions imposed on TRACON, much of TMC's job consists of communicating the
restrictions to the floor controllers & Tower TMC's- minimize "restrictions logging", and othertasks
Q TMC's could be encouraged to work more proactively towards traffic management solutions,but facility is so busy just reacting to new restrictions, especially during SWAP, that proactivesolutions are nearly impossible
Q More information sharing tools similar to DSP should be implemented to reduce amount ofcommunications that occur between facilities and to maximize efficiency of communications
that do exist
8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination
Q Each area (e.g., sector, facility, region) operates to its maximum risk threshold to maximize
the efficiency without sacrificing safetyQ Different risk thresholds for different facilities- (Providence Tower v. Boston Tower, Cleveland
ARTCC v. NY ARTCC)
Ambiguous ATC Organizational Structure
Q ATC is currently functioning under a centralized structure with ATCSCC at the topQ Since little power given to ATCSCC, many ARTCCs function as a decentralized system with
each ARTCC in charge of its own airspace with the ATCSCC as mediatorQ TMCs are confused about the function of the ATCSCC facility
Lack of "system" concern
Q As long as the area is functioning at capacity, the controllers are not concerned with otherareas
Personal Negotiations
Q Personal communication & negotiation is used to battle the "Lack of system concern"mentality
Q Visiting other facilities on a regular basis helps• Develop personal acquaintances at other facilities
o Easier to negotiate with an acquaintance or friendo Understand state of other person better (able to distinguish a critical situation from
a non-critical situation, able to predict the saturation point of other individual)• Bigger picture of system impact
o Can see what effect implementing a delay initiative has on other facilitieso Can take a proactive position during a negotiation with other facility
8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination
Q DSPwill eventually significantly reduce excess communications between Towers
and TRACON at New YorkQ Other tools like the IDS-4 and the FDIO/GI message system should be integrated
to reduce inputting the same data into several sources and minimize time tocommunicate restrictions from TMU to floor controllers
Encouraging pro-active traffic management
Q By reducing excess communications between facilities, TMC's could have moretime to be monitoring TSD demand and arranging proactive traffic management
routes to address restrictions imposed on their facility
Investigating further the significance of personal communicationsamong individuals
Q When do personal negotiations change the traffic management strategy used
Q What aspects of personal negotiation give the TMCs leverage in negotiations
• previous facilities worked• personal acquaintances
• empathy for controllers atother facility
• tit-for-tat
8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination
ICAT Management SpecialistTraffic Management Specialists rely on the low level strategiccontrollers to suggest implementation of system-level flowmanagement initiatives
Q Need recommendation and/or experience to implement initiative
Q Need accurate demand measures from TSD and other TMS's
This position is highly dependent on coordination and communication
Oceanic Planner is a secondary duty of a TMC's regular appointment(e.g., military coordinator, desk controller)
Requires high-quality information to be suppliedQ Accurate wind & Jetstream forecastsQ OACC staffing information
Little coordination needed to perform tasks
Q Uses information gathered from other facilities to determine appropriate routings
to oceanic tracks twice per dayQ Asks member of TMU to double-check the tracks once they are printed outQ Feedback from users (airlines) and other facilities only if tracks are not supplied by
a certain time
This position is not a coordination-critical position
Communication/Coordination improvements
Q Ensure high quality information is passed to the Oceanic PlannerQ Provide some early form of feedback to the Oceanic Planner so that the TMU is
not bombarded by phone calls if the Oceanic Tracks are late
8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination
Q Each area (e.g., sector, facility, region) operates to its maximum risk threshold to maximizethe efficiency without sacrificing safety
Q Different risk thresholds for different facilities- (Providence Tower v. Boston Tower, ClevelandARTCC v. NY ARTCC)
Lack of "system" concern
Q As long as the area is functioning at capacity, the controllers are not concerned with other
areas
Personal Negotiations
Q Personal communication & negotiation is used to battle the "Lack of system concern"
mentalityQ Visiting other facilities on a regular basis helps
• Develop personal acquaintances at other facilities
o Easier to negotiate with an acquaintance or friend
o Understand state of other person better (able to distinguish a critical situation from
a non-critical situation, able to predict the saturation point of other individual)
• Bigger picture of system impact
o Can see what effect implementing a delay initiative has on other facilitieso Can take a proactive position during a negotiation with other facility
Opportunity to enhance communications structure through:
Q Integrated information sharing toolsQ Encouraging pro-active traffic managementQ Investigating further the significance of personal communications among individuals
8/14/2019 T8 B17 FAA Trips 1 of 3 Fdr- Briefing Slides- Investigating Air Traffic Control Communication and Coordination