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Geotechnical Problem Management
T HR CI 12101 ST
Standard
Version 1.0 Issued Date: 07 August 2014
Important Warning
This document is one of a set of standards developed solely and specifically for use on the rail network owned or managed by the NSW Government and its agencies. It is not suitable for any other purpose. You must not use or adapt it or rely upon it in any way unless you are authorised in writing to do so by a relevant NSW Government agency.
If this document forms part of a contract with, or is a condition of approval by, a NSW Government agency, use of the document is subject to the terms of the contract or approval.
This document may not be current. Current standards are available for download from the Asset Standards Authority website at www.asa.transport.nsw.gov.au.
Standard Approval Owner: Lead Civil Engineer, Asset Standards Authority Authoriser: Chief Engineer Rail, Asset Standards Authority Approver: Director Asset Standards Authority, on behalf of the ASA Configuration Control
Board
Document Control Version Summary of Change 1.0 First issue
7. Problem management procedures ..................................................................................................9
7.1 Identification of new geotechnical problems .................................................................................9 7.2 Response to a new geotechnical problem ...................................................................................10 7.3 Site inspection report .....................................................................................................................10 7.4 Site specific surveillance guidelines .............................................................................................11 7.5 Survey monitoring ...........................................................................................................................11 7.6 Survey monitoring review ..............................................................................................................12 7.7 Surveillance .....................................................................................................................................12 7.8 Surveillance review .........................................................................................................................13 7.9 Early warning systems and rainfall monitoring systems ............................................................13 7.10 Geotechnical instrumentation and monitoring ............................................................................14 7.11 Safety measures ..............................................................................................................................15 7.12 Imposing speed restrictions during wet weather ........................................................................15 7.13 Remedial works ...............................................................................................................................16 7.14 Documents and records .................................................................................................................16 7.15 Audits ...............................................................................................................................................17 7.16 Management meeting and audit review ........................................................................................17 7.17 Training ............................................................................................................................................17 Appendix A – Activity flow chart...................................................................................................................18 Appendix B - Site specific surveillance guidelines.....................................................................................19 B.1 Site specific surveillance guidelines .............................................................................................19 B.2 Site specific surveillance inspection form ...................................................................................20 Appendix C - Geotechnical risk site inspection forms...............................................................................21 Appendix D - Guidelines for recognising geotechnical problems ............................................................23 D.1 General .............................................................................................................................................23 D.2 Warning signs in embankments ....................................................................................................23 D.3 Warning signs in cuttings ..............................................................................................................41 D.4 Warning signs in track bed ............................................................................................................52 D.5 Warning signs in structures ...........................................................................................................57
All survey monitoring reports shall be reviewed by the AEO maintenance representative, who
shall confer with the AEO geotechnical representative regarding changes in condition between
surveys. The geotechnical representative shall consider changes in condition and confer with
the AEO maintenance and recommend safety measures when it is determined that conditions
are unsafe for normal traffic. A site inspection may be necessary for confirmation.
7.7 Surveillance
A maintenance schedule record (MSR) for surveillance shall be created in a geotechnical defect
management database and implemented by the AEO maintenance representative within seven
days or sooner, if warranted, of receiving a SIR with attached SSSG. All surveillance shall be
carried out as a walking inspection by trained staff and safety measures implemented when it is
determined that conditions are unsafe for normal traffic. The surveillance levels detailed in
T HR CI 12100 ST are reproduced in Table 1 below.
Table 1 – Surveillance level definitions
Surveillance level Definition
T Surveillance under Track Examination System (TES) by trained track staff, and annual review by AEO geotechnical representative.
S1 Monthly walkover inspections of the problem site during routine track patrol by trained track staff or more frequently as dictated by site conditions and weather, and six monthly review by AEO geotechnical representative.
S2 Twice per week surveillance of the problem site by trained track staff with site specific surveillance guidelines, and six monthly review by AEO geotechnical representative.
S3 Daily surveillance of the problem site by trained track staff with site specific surveillance guidelines, and monthly review by AEO geotechnical representative.
S4 Presence by trained track staff with site specific surveillance guidelines prior to and during train passage, and weekly review by AEO geotechnical representative.
Note: 'Trained track staff' refers to the track staff trained in Recognising Geotechnical Problems
and the GPMP. All geotechnical risk site surveillance inspections shall be recorded and
accessible for future reference.
Refer to Appendix C for examples of geotechnical risk site inspection forms.
If unacceptable movement or magnitudes of other measured parameters are detected by this
monitoring, such information shall be conveyed to the AEO maintenance representative along
with any required changes to the SSSG, monitoring regime or further hazard management
measures.
7.11 Safety measures
Instructions to implement safety measures shall be issued by the AEO maintenance
representative when it is determined that conditions are unsafe for normal traffic. The decision
to implement safety measures may be determined at any time including:
• following identification of a new geotechnical problem
• following surveillance
• following any identified safety risk
• at the times of surveillance report review by the AEO maintenance representative
• at the request of the AEO maintenance representative
• at the recommendation of the AEO geotechnical representative
The safety measures and appropriate mitigation may be whatever is considered necessary to
immediately reduce the risk to track safety. Some of the safety measures specified in
T HR CI 12100 ST are outlined in the Table 2 below.
Table 2 – Safety measures
Risk level Safety measure
Unacceptable / Extreme Risk (Rank A)
Track closed.
Undesirable / High Risk (Rank B+)
Speed restriction imposed during wet or dry weather / emergency remedial works / continued surveillance.
Undesirable / High Risk (Rank B-, P1)
If considered necessary, speed restriction imposed during wet and/or dry weather / emergency remedial works at next planned possession / continued surveillance.
Maintenance regions may have additional instructions or guidelines to staff on how to
immediately respond to an identified problem.
7.12 Imposing speed restrictions during wet weather
Speed restrictions shall be imposed as determined by either the AEO maintenance or
geotechnical representative when it is recognised that conditions are unsafe for normal speeds
to reduce consequences. This is only a temporary measure as speed restrictions have a direct
influence on operational reliability.
When imposing speed restrictions during wet weather, the restrictions should remain for the
duration of wet weather and for approximately two days afterwards or for a period as
determined by either the AEO maintenance or geotechnical representative.
Appendix B - Site specific surveillance guidelines
B.1 Site specific surveillance guidelines
•check for any increase of undercutting•check for increase in width of existing cracksor new cracks around/in boulder•check for any new rockfalls to cess or track•check relevant features on geotechnical risksite inspection form (attached)
What to look for (at 913.123 km, 12 m height – see Photo below)
S1 (Monthly walkover inspection by trained staff with site specific surveillance guidelines).
Surveillance level dry weather
S2 (Twice per week inspection by trained staff with site specific surveillance guidelines
Surveillance level wet weather
B-P1Risk Rank
Main NorthLine
Cutting. Isolated undercut sandstone boulder (see site inspection report dated (14/05/2017).
Description
913.123 km, downside, 12 m heightKilometrage / side
Sometown, Cutting # 12Location
9999Geotechnical project number
123SSSG Number
Geotechnical Services – 14/05/2017Site Specific Surveillance Guidelines – for inspection of geotechnical problem
•check for any increase of undercutting•check for increase in width of existing cracksor new cracks around/in boulder•check for any new rockfalls to cess or track•check relevant features on geotechnical risksite inspection form (attached)
What to look for (at 913.123 km, 12 m height – see Photo below)
S1 (Monthly walkover inspection by trained staff with site specific surveillance guidelines).
Surveillance level dry weather
S2 (Twice per week inspection by trained staff with site specific surveillance guidelines
Surveillance level wet weather
B-P1Risk Rank
Main NorthLine
Cutting. Isolated undercut sandstone boulder (see site inspection report dated (14/05/2017).
Description
913.123 km, downside, 12 m heightKilometrage / side
Sometown, Cutting # 12Location
9999Geotechnical project number
123SSSG Number
Geotechnical Services – 14/05/2017Site Specific Surveillance Guidelines – for inspection of geotechnical problem
Figure 2 – Example of site specific surveillance guidelines
B.2 Site specific surveillance inspection form North Maintenance District
Site Specific Surveillance Inspection FormLocation SOMETOWN Cutting # 12
Kilometrage/ Side 913.123 km downside
Geotech. Proj. No. 9999
Risk Rank B-P1
Surveilence Level wet/dry S2/S1
Site Specific Surveillance Guidelines No. 123Change Since Last Inspection Comments & action taken if there has been a
Items to Check (where applicable) / = no change. X = has changed change since last inspection (date)
d
s s s s s se g g g gt g g
c g go oe og og og ogl l l l l l
ps J B J B J B J B J B J B
In by
7 7 7 7 7 7
1 01
1 10
2 20
1
5/2
0 02 2 2
01
E 6/ 7/ 7/
/
0 0 0 07/T 0 07
DA / / / /
16 18/ /
61 15 14 20
EMBANKMENTAny track movement (loss of top/line) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Development of new tension cracks/sink holes NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Changes in width and/or length of tension cracks NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Dips in shoulder/access road NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Leaning structures (signal poles/fences/trees) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Seepage from slope or toe NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Bulges/slumps in slope or at toe NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Vegetation - areas of unusual lush green vegetation NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Cess drainage clear or ponding water NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Culvert condition / blocked or clear NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Subsoil drains: - is water running - are outlets clear of obstruction NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Erosion of embankment NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
CUTTING rockfalls
20/07/17 noticed fall of small rocks below boulders atCondition of any nominated area of known instability. See SSSG No. 123 attached. / / / / / X
Any recent rockfalls or spoil onto track/cess drain / / / / / X 913.123 km with increased undercutting. No obvious Partially supported blocks of rock isolated by cracks / / / / / X movement of boulders.Apparent movement of prominent rock wedges/blocks / / / / / / 0930 hrs informed H Smith by phone.
Excessive seepage/water flows / / / / / / H Smith and R Jones inspected site 1215 hrs.Ponding water in cess drainsSlumping and/or leaning trees, fences etc above cutting / / / / / /
Excessive erosion of cutting face / / / / / /
Damage to repairs eg. damaged shotcreteCondition of top drains (leave box blank if not inspected) / /
Other problems (note)
Reviewed responsible AEO. Date / Comments
Reviewed responsible AEO: Date / Comments
Figure 3 – Example of site specific surveillance inspection form
Appendix C - Geotechnical risk site inspection forms
Form
Geo
tech
Insp
-1
Site
Spec
ific S
urve
illanc
eTic
k if
Wet
- S2
Dry -
S1
Wet
Dry
Guide
line (
SSSG
)Ins
pecte
d
Thirr
oul
Helen
sbur
gh D
owns
ide ac
cess
road
NoH/
Burg
h
NoNo
Tens
ion cr
acks
46.70
0 - 47
.200
Thirr
oul
Helen
sbur
gh E
mban
kmen
t (Do
wn)
Yes
H/Bu
rgh
No
NoSS
SG N
o 6 V
er 1
48.4
to 48
.43Th
irrou
lMe
trop T
unne
l Nor
thern
Por
tal C
utting
, Up s
ideNo
H/Bu
rgh
Ye
sYe
s*SS
SG N
o 16 V
er 3
Metro
p Coll
iery
Thirr
oul
Coal
siding
adjac
ent to
coal
stock
pile.
NoH/
Burg
h
NoNo
After
war
ning o
r alar
m
57.00
0 - 57
.080
Thirr
oul
SP3 T
unne
l Nor
thern
Por
tal &
Up S
ide C
utting
NoC'
Cliff
No
NoGe
nera
l che
ck fo
r roc
ks
Mino
r roc
k fall
, Req
uire
an
asse
ssme
nt12
4.86 t
o 124
.89Ki
ama
Omeg
a No4
Cutt
ing P
ortal
NoN/
ANo
NoPr
oj 52
38R1
Site
Spec
ific S
urve
illanc
eTic
k if
Wet
- S1
Dry -
TW
etDr
yGu
idelin
e (SS
SG)
Inspe
cted
South
Como
cuttin
g ups
ideNo
N/A
No
NoRe
port
1451
R5
47.44
0 - 47
.580
Thirr
oul
Helen
sbur
gh E
mban
kmen
t (Do
wn)
Yes
H/Bu
rgh
No
NoNi
l
Name___John Smith___________________________________Signature________JS_______________ Date ___15/11/2012______My signature above confirms that I have examined the sites relevant to my track section to the best of my ability in accordance with TfNSW requirements during (Crossout which is not relevant):- Hi Rail - Foot Patrol - Detailed walk
2. Wet weather surveilance when required to be determined by the AEO maintenance representative.3. Track patrol required to inspect cuttings for large rocks in cess, fragments of rocks on track, and water flowing over cuttings.
These sites to be inspected - during Rainfall Monitor Warning and Alarm events, - during dry weather and declared wet weather periods. (Cross out which is not relevant)
Spee
d Lim
it
These sites to be inspected - during dry weather and declared wet weather periods. (Cross out which is not relevant)
Comm
ents
Comm
ents
4. Track patrol to inspect embankments for noticeable deterioration of track geometry since last Hi Rail inspection, significant amounts of water ponding on, or flowingacross embankment.5. Track Patroller to notify AEO maintenance representative immediatley of any issues found relating to notes 3 and 4 above
1. S2, S1 Walkover inspections by trained track staff to be signed off.
Rainf
all M
onito
r Ar
ea
EWS
Site
s re
quiri
ng M
onth
ly S
1 in
spec
tions
in d
ecla
red
wet w
eath
er p
erio
ds.
Loca
tion
Desc
riptio
n
Site
s re
quiri
ng M
onth
ly S
1 in
spec
tions
in d
ry w
eath
er, a
nd tw
ice
per w
eek
S2 in
spec
tions
in d
ecla
red
wet w
eath
er p
erio
ds.
Loca
tion
Rainf
all M
onito
r Ar
ea
Desc
riptio
nEW
S
Surve
illanc
eSp
eed L
imit
Surve
illanc
eTr
ack
Team
Trac
k Te
am
Exam
ples
45.33
Exam
ples
20.4
to 21
.0
Figure 4 – Example of geotechnical risk site inspection form for sites requiring S1 and S2
1. S2, S1 Walkover inspections by trained track staff to be signed off.
Name_____John Smith_________________________Signature________JS_______ Date __14/11/2012_______My signature above confirms that I have examined the sites relevant to my track section to the best of my ability in accordance withTfNSW requirements during (Cross out which is not relevant):- Hi Rail - Foot Patrol - Detailed walk
2. Wet weather surveilance when required to be determined by AEO maintenance representative.
These sites to be inspected under Track Examination System (TES) during dry weather and declared wet weather periods.(Cross out which is not relevant)
Comm
ents
3. Track patrol required to inspect cuttings for large rocks in cess, fragments of rocks on track, and water flowing over cuttings.
4. Track patrol to inspect embankments for noticeable deterioration of track geometry since last Hi Rail inspection, significant amountsof water ponding on, or flowing across embankment.
5. Track Patroller to notify AEO maintenance representative immediatley of any issues found relating to notes 3 and 4 above
Exam
ples
45.33
Figure 5 – Example of geotechnical risk site inspection form for sites requiring T surveillance