The Parts of Speech English 1
Jan 04, 2016
The Parts of Speech
English 1
There Are 8 Parts of Speech
1. Nouns
2. Pronouns
3. Adjectives
4. Verbs
5. Adverbs
6. Prepositions
7. Conjunctions
8. Interjections
Nouns
Recognition Tools: -”the” in front of common nouns except ideas
-you can take a picture of them
Definition: Person, Place, Thing, or Idea
Ex. boy, mall, toothpick, peace, strength
NounsCommon Nouns: name any one person, place, thing, or idea and is generally not capitalized.
Ex. woman, school, flag, happiness
Proper Nouns: name a specific person, place, thing, or idea and generally is capitalized.
Ex. Sally, Granite City High School, St. Louis Arch, September
NounsCompound Nouns: made up of two or more words used together as a single noun. (They may be written as one word, separate words, or as hyphenated words.)
Ex. firefighter, fire drill, brother-in-law
Collective Nouns: words that name a group of a people, animals, or things.
Ex. audience, flock, assortment
NounsConcrete Nouns: name ACTUAL people, places, and things with physical, material properties
Ex. Pencil, bird, swimming pool
Abstract Nouns: do NOT have actual physical existence
Ex. Freedom, teamwork, evil
PronounsDefinition: Stands in place of a noun.
Recognition Tools:
-related to nouns
-the word they refer to is the antecedent
-memorize them!
PronounsPersonal Pronoun Chart
Singular Plural
1st person I, me, my, mine we, us, our, ours
2nd person you, your, yours
you, your, yours
3rd person he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its
they, them, theirs
PronounsReflexive Pronoun Chart
Singular- self Plural- selves
1st person myself ourselves
2nd person yourself yourselves
3rd person himself, herself, itself
themselves
PronounsDemonstrative Pronouns: used to point out a specific noun when by themselves
-this, that, these, those
-Example: The tacos I made taste better than those.
PronounsInterrogative Pronouns: introduce a question
-who, whom, whose, which, what
Ex. Which of the songs is your favorite?
Relative Pronouns: introduce subordinate clauses (not a complete thought)
-that, which, who, whom, whose
Ex. The ship that you saw is sailing to Greece.
PronounsIndefinite Pronouns: do not always refer back to any specific noun; names a general group
all each more nothing something
another either most one such
any everyone
much other
anybody everybody
neither several
anyone everything
nobody some
anything few none somebody
both many no one someone
Adjectives Definition: modifies nouns or pronouns
Ex. happy, bright, yellow
Recognition Tools:
-Adj. answers: What kind? Which one?How many?
Adjectives Articles
-a, an, and the are ALWAYS adjectives
Adjectives Nouns as adjectives
-Many words that can stand alone as nouns can also be used as adjectives modifying
nouns or pronouns.
Ex. cheese sandwich,
snow sculpture
weather report
VerbsDefinition: what you do or a state of
being
Ex. run, think, been (forms of be)
Recognition Tools:
-action of the subject or other noun
VerbsHelping Verbs- “helps” the main verb express an action or a state of being
Helping Verb Chart
Forms of be am, are, is been, being, be was, were
Forms of have has have had
Forms of do do does did
Modals can, could, may might, must, shall
should, will, would
VerbsAction Verbs: physical or mental activity
Ex. build, think
Linking Verbs: connect subject to the complement
Ex. is, are, was
Other Linking Verbs:
appear, become, feel, grow, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
AdverbsDefinition: modifies verbs, adjectives,
and other adverbs
Ex. too, quite, very, rather, almost, always
*(Some words are always adverbs)
Recognition Tools: Adverbs answer:
When?
Where?
How?
To what extent?
-by ending “-ly”
PrepositionsDefinition: show relation between a
noun and the object
Ex. of, in, under
Recognition Tools:
-prepositional phrases: preps + (opt. modifiers) + object
PrepositionsCommon Prepositions
about before concerning
like since up
above behind down near through upon
across below during of throughout
with
after beneath except off to within
against beside for one toward without
Among between from out under
along beyond in outside underneath
around but (except)
inside over until
at by into past unto
Prepositions
Don’t forget that prepositions can be compound as well.
Ex. according to, because of, next to
ConjunctionsDefinition: joins words, phrases, or clauses, and they indicate the relation between the elements joined.
Ex. but, yet, so
Recognition Tools:
-connects @ junction
-MEMORIZE
ConjunctionsCoordinating Conjunctions
FANBOYS
-for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
Correlative Conjunctions
-They come in pairs
-both…and -whether…or
-neither…nor -not only …but also
-either…or
ConjunctionsSubordinating Conjunctions-
-Introduces a subordinate clause
(cannot stand alone as a sentence.)
-AAAWWUBBIS
(as, after, although, while, when, until, because, before, if, since)
ConjunctionsSubordinating Conjunctions
after because since when
although before so that whenever
as even though than where
as if if though wherever
as long as in order that unless whether
as soon as once until while
InterjectionsDefinition: express emotion and have no grammatical relation to the rest of the sentence
Ex. ah, oops, hey, yippee
Recognition Tools:
-sometimes have exclamation or
a comma following them