T HE N EW I MPERIALISM Africa “Invaded”. W HAT IS I MPERIALISM ? Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural.

THE NEW IMPERIALISMAfrica “Invaded”

WHAT IS IMPERIALISM?

Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political,

economic, or cultural life of another country.

THE NEW IMPERIALISM Began in 1500s. 1870 – 1914 Europeans established

colonies in African coastal regions. Nationalism – rampant competition

among nations to prove their worth Industrial Revolution - needed new

sources to buy and sell goods and to collect natural resources

CAUSES OF NEW IMPERIALISM…ECONOMY Industrialization Industrialization

throughout Europe throughout Europe depended on raw depended on raw materialsmaterials

Countries need to Countries need to establish colonies to establish colonies to provide natural provide natural resourcesresources

Need for new markets to sell goods

Place for growing populations to settle

Place to invest profits

For Example (Economics) Invest money to build railroad Invest money to build railroad raw raw

materials brought out of Africa faster materials brought out of Africa faster and more cheaply and more cheaply able to increase able to increase industrial productionindustrial production

Build factory in India Build factory in India New market New market (Indian, British in India) (Indian, British in India) cheaper cheaper production (cheap Indian labor)production (cheap Indian labor)

…POLITICS AND THE MILITARY…

Weaponry of the Industrial Age gave European nations a huge military advantage over the people of Africa, India, and China.

Bases for trade and navy ships Power and security for a global empire Spirit of nationalism

For Example (Military)

Maxim GunMaxim Gun British and the Sudan British and the Sudan

(Battle of Omdurman (Battle of Omdurman – suburb of Khartoum)– suburb of Khartoum)

British versus Muslim British versus Muslim DervishesDervishes

British casualties – British casualties – 482 (using artillery 482 (using artillery and maxim guns)and maxim guns)

Sudanese Casualties – Sudanese Casualties – 22,700 (using 22,700 (using muskets and spears)muskets and spears)

…SOCIETY…

Wish to spread Christianity Wish to share Western civilization Ethnocentrism!

…SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY…

New advancements such as railroads and steamships allowed Europeans to be able to enter deeper into jungles and wild areas than before.

New weapons New medicines Improved ships Railroads

For Example (Medical Advancements)

Germ theory and Germ theory and the discovery of the discovery of quinine (cure for quinine (cure for malaria) gave malaria) gave Europeans the Europeans the physical strength physical strength necessary to necessary to survive in harsh survive in harsh environments.environments.

HERBERT SPENCER “Social Darwinism” –

some races are “superior” to others.

In this case, the belief that white Anglo-Saxons are better than the tribal Africans.

This gave the justification they ustification they needed to conquer and needed to conquer and subdue native peoplessubdue native peoples

RUDYARD KIPLING “The White Man’s Burden” – poem that

offered justification for imperialism. Kipling expressed the idea that white

imperialists had a moral duty to educate people in nations they considered less developed.

Missionaries spread western ideas, customs, and religions to people in Africa.

KING LEOPOLD OF BELGIUM Sent a mission to the interior of Africa

to establish trade agreements with leaders of the Congo River basin

Ran Congo as his own PRIVATE estate. In the name of “civilizing” the people,

Leopold enslaved the people and cut off hands of reluctant workers or slow roasted the ones who couldn’t be convinced of his benevolence

THE BERLIN CONFERENCE In order to avoid conflict among

themselves, Europeans leaders met in Berlin, Germany to set up rules for colonizing Africa.

Divided Africa with little regard for those living there.

In 1850, most of Africa had been free…70 years later, most of the continent was under European rule

A CONTINENT DIVIDED

SHORT TERM EFFECTS ON COLONIES

Large numbers of Africans came under European rule

Local economies became dependent on industrialization

Some nations introduced changes to meet imperialist challenges

Conflicts between European culture and native culture

MORE SHORT TERM EFFECTS

Individuals and groups resisted European domination

Western culture spread to new regions Africa’s traditional political units were

disrupted or destroyed Famines occurred in lands where

farmers grew cash crops. This was exported for imperialistic nations rather than food for local use.

LONG TERM EFFECTS ON COLONIES

Western culture continued to influence much of the world.

Transportation, education, and medical care were improved.

Resistance to imperial rule evolved into nationalist movements.

Many economies became dependent on single cash crops grown for export.

Slowed economic and political development of native areas

EFFECTS ON EUROPE The West discovered new crops, foods,

and other products. Westerners were introduced to new

cultural influences. Competition for empires created and

increased conflict between imperial powers. These conflicts sometimes led to war.

The industrial nations controlled a new global economy.

NEW CONFLICTS African religious

conflicts – SudanMuslims vs.

Christians vs. tribes

African ethnic conflicts – RwandaHutus vs. Tutsis

After WWII, 22 African nations emerge as military dictatorships