Systems Analysis & Design Systems Analysis & Design 7 th Edition Chapter 1 Introduction to Systems Analysis and Design
Dec 21, 2015
Systems Analysis & DesignSystems Analysis & Design
7th Edition
Chapter 1
Introduction to Systems Analysis and
Design
22
Introduction
● Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, deliver quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions.
● Information technology can mean the difference between success and failure
Figure 1-1
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The Impact of Information Technology
● Information Technology – Combination of hardware and software
products and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information
– A vital asset that must be used effectively, updated constantly, and safeguarded carefully
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The Impact of Information Technology
● The Future of IT– Responsible
for half of all productivity growth and a third of all economic growth between 1995-1999
Figure 1-3
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The Impact of Information Technology
● The importance of Systems Analysis and Design– To ensure information system’s (IS)
quality
● The Role of Systems Analysis and Design– Systems Analysis and Design
• Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems
– Systems Analyst• Plan, develop, and maintain information
systems
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The Impact of Information Technology
● What do we need in IS? -> How to do it?
● Who develops Information Systems?– In-house applications– Software packages– Internet-based application services – Outsourcing– Custom solutions
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Information System Components
● A System is a set of related components that produces specific results
● Information systems have five key components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people
Figure 1-6
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Information System Components
Figure 1-9
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● Hardware – Everything in the physical layer of the
information system– Moore’s Law accurately predicted that
computer processing power would double every 18 to 24 months
Information System Components
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Information System Components
● Software– System software– Network operating system– Application software – Enterprise applications==========================
======= – Horizontal system (橫向系統 )– Vertical system (縱向系統 )– Legacy systems (老舊系統 )
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Information System Components
● Data – The raw
material that an information system transforms into useful information
Figure 1-11
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Information System Components
● Processes – Describe the tasks and business functions
that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results
● People– Users, or end users, are the people who
interact with an information system, both inside and outside the company
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Understanding The Business
● Business Profile– Overview of a company
● Business Models – Graphical representation of one or more
business processes
Figure 1-12
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Understanding The Business
● New Kinds of Companies ● Companies are classified based
on their main activities:– Brick-and-mortar
• Production-oriented • Service-oriented
– Click-and-mortar or pure play• Dot-com (.com)
Figure 1-14
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Impact of the Internet
● E-Commerce (I-Commerce)– B2C (Business-to-Consumer)– B2B (Business-to-Business)
• EDI, XML, HTML
● Web-Based Development– WebSphere, .NET
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How Business Uses InformationSystems
● In the past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served– Office systems– Operational systems– Decision support systems– Executive information systems
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How Business Uses Information
Systems● Today, it makes more sense to
identify a system by its functions, rather than by users – Enterprise computing systems– Transaction processing systems– Business support systems– Knowledge management systems– User productivity systems
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How Business Uses Information Systems
● Enterprise computing systems– Support company-wide operations and
data management requirements– Enterprise resource planning (ERP)
• Ex. Wal-Mart’s Inventory Control System
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How Business Uses Information Systems
● Enterprise computing systems– Information systems that support
company-wide operations and data management
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How Business Uses Information Systems
● Transaction processing systems– Process data
generated by day-to-day business operations
Figure 1-18
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How Business Uses Information Systems
● Business support systems– Provide job-related
information to users at all levels of a company
– Management information systems (MIS)
– Radio frequency identification (RFID)無線射頻辨識系統
– What-if
Figure 1-19
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How Business Uses Information Systems
● Knowledge management systems– Simulate human reasoning
Figure 1-20
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How Business Uses Information Systems
● User productivity systems– Technology that improves productivity– Word processing is an example
● Information systems integration– Most large companies require systems
that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features
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Information System Users and Their Needs
Figure 1-21
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Information System Users and Their Needs
● Top managers● Middle Managers and Knowledge
Workers ● Supervisors and Team Leaders ● Operational Employees
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Systems Development Tools and Techniques
● Systems analysts must know how to use a variety of techniques such as modeling, prototyping, and computer-aided systems engineering tools to plan, design, and implement information systems
● Systems analysts work with these tools in a team environment
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Systems Development Tools and Techniques
● Modeling– A systems analyst can describe and
simplify an information system by using a set of business, data, object, and process models.
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Systems Development Tools and Techniques
● Prototyping– Early working version of an information
system– Speeds up the development process
significantly– Can be an extremely valuable tool
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Systems Development Tools and Techniques
● Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools– CASE uses powerful software to help
systems analysts develop and maintain information systems
Figure 1-22
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Systems Development Methods
● Structured Analysis– traditional systems development technique – Uses the systems development life cycle to
plan, analyze, design, implement, and support an information system
Figure 1-25
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Systems Development Methods
● Object-oriented (O-O) analysis– combines data and the processes that act
on the data into things called objects– Systems analysts use O-O to model real-
world business processes and operations
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Systems Development Methods
● Joint Application Development and Rapid Application Development– JAD – Team based fact finding– RAD – compressed version of the entire
process
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The Systems Development Life Cycle
● SDLC used to plan and manage the systems development process.
● It includes the following steps:1. Systems planning2. Systems analysis3. Systems design4. Systems implementation5. Systems operation and support
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The Systems Development Life Cycle
Figures 1-28 & 1-29
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The Systems Development Life Cycle
● Systems Development Guidelines– Stick to a plan– Involve users– Identify milestones– Establish checkpoints– Be flexible– Provide accurate and reliable cost and
benefit information
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Information Technology Department
● The information technology (IT) department develops and maintains a company’s information systems
Figure 1-30
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Information Technology Department
● Application Development– Team may include users, managers and
IT Staff members
● Systems Support– Provides hardware and software support
● User Support– Provides users with technical information,
training, and productivity support
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Information Technology Department
● Database Administration– Database design, management, security,
backup, and user access
● Network Administration– Includes hardware and software
maintenance, support, and security
● Web Support– Design and construction of web pages
and presence. Important for e-commerce
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The Systems Analyst Position
● A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a company’s information systems
● On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT department team.
● Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work
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The Systems Analyst Position
● Responsibilities● Required Skills and Background
Figure 1-31
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Homework
● 搜尋兩家公司之組織圖,並比較MIS部門在組織圖中的位階。
● 請說明所選擇的企業之相關資訊,如:– 公司歷史與重要里程碑、資本額、營業額、員工人數、行業別、主要產品等。