Systematic Study of Dorylaimida from Korea# 4. Four New Species of Dorylaimida from Korea

J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 1(2) : 177-189 (1998)

Systematic Study of Dorylaimida from Korea2. Description of Two New and Two Known Species of the Family

Actinolaimidae from Korea

Young Eoun Choi,* Yu Xi Duan' and Hyun Sil Baek

Abstract - Two known and two new species of the family Actinolaimidae (Nematoda: Dory­laimida) (Thorne, 1939) Meyl, 1960 are described and illustrated. Afractinolaimus zairensis (Baqri etal., 1973) Jairajpuri & Khan, 1992 and Egtitus andhricus Khan and Jairajpuri, 1994 were reportedfor the first time from Korea. Paractinolaimoides hawangensis n. sp. is 2.9-3.6 mm long, b=3.9­4.5; c=8.8; spicules=73.8-77.4llm) and differs from the only known species Paractinolaimoidesunicus Khan et al., 1994 in having longer body, odontostyle, odontophore, prerectum, spicules andgreater number of ventromedian supplements (L=1.9- 2.1 mm; odontostyle=21- 24 urn; odonto­phore= 24-26Ilm; prerectum=87 -105 urn; spicule=54-57Ilm and ventromedian supplements=10-12 in P. Ul1iCUS). Westindicus cheongsongensis n. sp. is 2.3-2.6 mm long; b=4.2-4.6; c=8.1-9.7;odontostyle=25.2-27.0 urn; spicules=61-65Ilm and differs from all known species of the genus inhaving greater number of ventromedian supplements (15-17 in Westindicus cheongsongensis n. sp.vs. 5-7 in Westindicus brachycephalus, 11 in Westindicus keralaensis and 8 in Westindicus rapax).This new cheongsongensis further differs from Westindicus rapax Hunt, 1978 in having a shorterodontostyle and a lesser 'V' value (odontostyle=27-32Ilm and V=49-52 in w: rapax); from w:keralaensis Khan et al., 1994 in having longer filiform tail and from w: brachycephalus Thorn, 1967in possessing longer odontostyle (c=20 and odntostyle=15 urn in w: keralaensis and w: brachy­cephalus, respectively).

Key Words - Actinolaimidae, Afractinolaimus zairensis, Egtitus andhricus, Paractinolaimoideshawangensis n. sp., Westindicus cheongsongensis n. sp.

Introduction

Soil samples collected from Chongsong, Chirimountain, Halla mountain, Hawang mountain andYanggu yielded two new and two known species ofactino1aim nematodes viz., Paractinolaimoides ha­wangensis n. sp., Westindicus cheongsongensis n.sp., Afractinolaimus zairensis, and Egtitus andhri­cus. They are described and illustrated below.

Materials and Methods

The nematodes were killed and fixed in hot (70

°C) F:G 4-1 fixative, dehydrated by Seinhorst'srapid glycerin method and mounted in anhydrousglycerin. Measurements and drawings were madewith a drawing tube attachment.

Description

Afractinolaimus zairensis (Baqri, Coomans &Heiden, 1973)

Jairajpuri & Ahmad, 1992=Paractinolaimus zairensis Baqri, Coomans &

Heiden, 1973=Actinolaimus omercooperi Apud S. Stekoven,

1944

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.Department of Agricultural Biology, College of Agriculture, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 702-701, Korea. E-mail: [email protected]

'Department of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China

-177-

178 1. Asia-Pacific Entomol. September 1998

(Figs. 1, 2)MeasurementsFemale (ne l l ): L=2.47 mm±0.18 (2.25-2.78);a=50±2 (48-54); b=4.4±0.3 (4.2-5); c=12± 1.8(10-17); c'=8.4 ±0.8 (7 -10); V=45 ± 1.2 (41-46);Odontostyle=23/lm±0.9 (22-24); Odontophore=19/1m±5.1 (13-25); Prerectume l Sa um E 15 (119­171); Rectum=42/lm±5 (36-50); Head to Guidingring= 18 urn ± 1.1 (16-19); Tail length=210 urn ± 25(170-245); Oesophagus length=557/lm±20 (525­592); Anal body width=25/lm + 1.5 (23-28).Male (n=lO): L=2.3 mm±0.17 (2.08-2.59); a=48 ±1.6 (46-50); b=4.3 +0.3 (4-5); c=109 + 14 (84­126); c'=0.7 ±0.1 (0.6-0.9); T=65 ±3.0 (60-69);Odontostylee'B um f 1 (22-25); Odontophore= 21/lm±6 (14-32); Anterior end to guiding ring=18/lm± 1 (16-19); Prerectum=255/lm±36 (168-293);Rectum=54/lm±3.1 (49-59); Tail Iengthez l urn E3 (18-27); Anal body width=30 urn + 1 (29-32);Spicule=53 urn + 3 (49-58); Oesophagus length=527/lm±24 (488-562).

Female: Body almost straight or slightly ventrallycurved when relaxed, tapering slightly toward bothends. Lip region continuous, 17.5-18.9/lm wide,demarcated by a slight depression. Amphids in stir­rup-shaped; apertures occupying less than one­third of the corresponding body-width. Cheilo­stome armed with four onchia. Numerous graspdenticles and secondary teeth present under thelevel of the tip of each onchium. Vestibular ringcorrugated. Odontostyle dorylaimoida with aperturemore than one-third to half of its length. Odonto­phore simple, rod-like. Guiding ring double with ashort guide sheath, the fixed ring at 17.2-19.5/lmfrom the head end. Nerve ring at 160.2-178.2/lmfrom anterior end. Post-extension constriction ofoesophagus present. Anterior part of oesophaguswith radial muscles. Oesophagus with basal shield.Cardia elongate conoid. Oesophageal gland nucleiand their orifices located as follows: DO=52.9­55.4; DN=54.2-55.9; DN-DO=0.6-0.8; SIN1=73.7­

74.4; SIN2=73.9-75.8; S2N2=86-88; S202=85.1­87.0. Vulva longitudinal, depressed in the body.Female reproductive system amphidelphic. Femaletail conoid to sub-filiform.

Male: Similar to female in general morphologyexcept for tail shape. Testes paired, opposed, dory-

laimoid; sperms spindle-shaped, 2.1-2.5 x5.9-6.3urn. Male tail bluntly round, 0.6-0.9 anal body­widths long. The ventromedian supplements arrang­ed in two fascicles of 6-8 (anterior) and 5-7 (poste­rior) with in-between 2-3 single ones. Prerectum6.3-7.8 anal body-widths long. Rectum 49-59/lmlong. Tail end with 2-3 caudal pores on ventralside.

Discussion: Korean population was very similarwith the description of Afractionlaimus zairensis Q.H. Baqri, A. Coomans and A. Van Der Heiden,1975.

Locality and Habitat: Yanggu, Kangwon ProvincetOryza sativa L.).

Egtitus andhricus Khan and Jairajpuri, 1994(Figs. 3,4)

MeasurementsFemale (n=10): L=1.84 mm +0.07 (1.78-2.00);a=46.1 +4.8 (40.8-52.8); b=4.1 ±0.1 (3.9-4.3);c=15.6±2.0 (14.0-20.3); c'=5.1 ±0.2 (4.7-5.7);V=52.3 ± 1.7 (49.0-53.8); Odontostyleedu.Sjim-r0.2 (20.2-21.6); Odontophore=22.4/lm±2.0 (20.3­26.2); Anterior end to guiding ring=14.2/lm±0.5(12.6-15.4); Prerectumeov.Zum + 11.3 (35.7-70.2);Rectum=29.7/lm±3.3 (23.4-36.0); Tail length>119.3/lm±12.6(96.2-133.9); Anal body diameter»23.5 Ilm±2.2(20.5-27.3).

Male (ne l ): L=1.75 mm; a=48.4; b=4.0; c=60.9;c'=1.1; T%)=54.0; OdontostyleezLd um; Odonto­phore=21.3/lm; PrerectumevLx um; Rectum=45.0urn; Tail length=28.8/lm; Spiculee-t l.a um; Ante­rior end to guiding ring=14.4/lm; Anal body diame­ter=30.3/lm.

Female: Body almost straight to slightly ventrallycurved when fixed. Cuticle finely transverselystriated 2.0- 2.2 urn thick. Lateral chords aboutone-third of corresponding body-width at midbody. Lip region expanded, set off with the bodycontour, twice as wide as high, 17.5-20.5/lm wide.Amphidial aperture stirrup-shaped, 9.2-10 urn wi­de. Vestibular ring corrugated. Pharynx armed withfour large onchia. Odontostyle cylindrical, apertureabout one-third to half of its length. Odontophoresimple, rod -like. Guiding ring double with a shortguide sheath, the fixed ring at 12.6-15.4/lm fromanterior end. Nerve ring at 126-151/lm from ante-

Vol. 1, No.2 J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 179

rior end. Post-extension constriction of oesophaguspresent. Oesophagus with basal shield. Cardia elon­gate conoid. Oesophageal gland nuclei and theirorifices located as follows: DO=51-56; DN=53-57;PN-DO=1.2-2.0; SlN1=75-78; SlN2=79-80; S2N2=86-88; S202=87-88. Female reproductive systemamphidelphic. Vulva longitudinal, depressed in thebody. Tail gradually tapering to long filiform.

Male: Testes paired, opposed, dorylaimoid; spermsspindle-shaped, 2.1 x 5.7 urn. Tail bluntly conoid,1.1 anal body-widths long with 3 caudal pores oneach side. Supplements an adanal pair and 7 ventro­medians arranged in series. Posterior supplement at57 urn from cloacal aperture and others 9-14 urnapart. Prerectum 2.1-3.3 anal body-widths long.Rectum 23.4-36.0 urn long.

Discussion: The Korean specimens conform wellwith the dimensions and descriptions of Egtitusandhricus given by Khan and Jairajpuri (1994)except for having the sunken vulva and a small pro­tuberance area on ventral side of female tail, justbehind the anal aperture (vulva flushed with bodyand tail smooth in type specimens). These differen­ces have been regarded here as intraspecific varia­tions.

Locality and Habitat: Piagol, Chiri Mountain(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) and Kosangol, Taegu(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.).

Paractinolaimoides hawangensis n, sp,(Figs. 5, 6)

MeasurementFemale (Paratype n=l): L=3.62 mm; a=54.3; b=4.5; c=8.8; c'=12.1; V=46.8; Odontostyle=29.4 urn;Odontophore=37.8 urn; Anterior end to guiding ring=26.1 urn; Prerectume170.2 urn: Rectum=48.6 urn;Taillength=412.2 urn; Anal body diameter=34.2 urnMale (Paratype n=2): L=2.92-3.66 mm; a=49.4­52.5; b=3.9-4.2; c=85.3-96.7; c'=0.74-0.79; T=69.8-73.2; Odontostyle=31.5-32.4 urn; Odonto­phore=31.1-32.4 urn; Anterior end to guiding ring=23.0-26.6 urn; Prerectum=194.4-257.4 urn; Rectum,=70.2-74.7 urn; Taillength=34.2-37.8 urn; Analbody diameter=43.2-51.3 urn; Spicule=73.8-77.4J.lm

Female: Body straightly and slightly ventrallycurved when relaxed by gentle heating, tapering

slightly toward both ends. Cuticle smooth, 5.0-6.5urn thick at mid body. Lateral chords about one­fourth of corresponding body-width at mid-body.Lip region rounded, set off by slight depression,22.4-23.8 urn wide. Amphids in stirrup-shaped;apertures 11 urn or about half of lip region width.Vestibular ring corrugated. Cheilostome armed withfour large onchia and numerous denticles arrangedin rows, four additional vertical plates associatedwith cheilostome present at the level of the onchia.Odontostyle robust, aperture about half of its leng­th. Odontophore simple, rod-like, 1.2-1.3 times theodontostyle length. Guiding ring double, fixed ringat 23.0-26.6 urn from anterior end. Nerve ring andhemizonidconspicuous, at 194.4-219.6 urn and214.2 urn from anterior end respectively. Post-ex­tension constriction of oesophagus present at 74 urnfrom base ofodontostyle and 112 urn from anteriorend. Cardia elongate conoid. Vulva transverse slit;vagina distally sclerotized. Reproductive systemamphidelphic. Ovaries well developed. Prerectum 5anal body-widths long. Rectum 1.4 anal body­widths long. Tail gradually tapering to long fili­form, 12 anal body-widths long with rounded ter­minus.

Male: Similar to female in general morphologyexcept for tail shape. Oesophageal gland nuclei andtheir orifices located as follows: DO=48.7-49.3;DN=50.8-50.9; DN-DO=1.6-2.1; SlN1=76.3-76.8;

SlN2=77.8-79.5; S2N2=84.3-84.6; S202=85.5-85.9.Testes paired, opposed, dorylaimoid. Spicule dory­laimoid, 1.7-1.8 annal body- widths long. Lateralguiding pieces about one-fifth of spicule length.Tail short, bluntly round, 0.7-0.8 anal body-widthslong with 4 caudal pores on each side. The sup­plements, an adanal pair and 14 regularly spaced,7.3 urn apart, ventromedian arranged in series. Theposterior supplement at 205- 223 urn from cloacalaperture. Prerectum 4.5-5.0 anal body-widths long.Rectum 1.4-1.6 anal body-widths long.

Differential diagnosis: P. hawangensis n. sp. dif­fers from Paractinolaimoides unicus Khan, Ahmad& Jairajpuri, 1994 only known species of the genusin having longer body, odontostyle, odontophore,prerectum, spicule and a large number of ventrome­dian supplements (L=29.2-3.66 mm vs. 1.94-2.13mm; odnotostyle=29.4-32.4 urn vs. 21-22.5 urn;odontophore=31-38 urn vs. 24-25.5 urn; prerectum

180 J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. September 1998

=170-257/lm vs. 87-105/lm; spicule= 74-77/lm.vs. 54-57/lm and supplements=14 vs. 11-12).

Type habitat and locality: Soil around the root ofMiscanthus nakaiana var. purpurascens Rendle atHawang Mountain, Ch'angyong, Kyongnam pro­vince, Korea.

Type specimens: One paratype female and twoparatype males on slide deposited at the laboratoryof Nematology, Department of Agricultural Bio­logy, College of Agriculture, Kyungpook NationalUniversity, Taegu, Korea.

Westindicus cheongsongensis n. sp.(Figs. 7, 8)

MeasurementsFemale ('Holotype n=l): L=2.31 mm; a=39; b= 4.2;c=8.l; V=45.2; OdontostyleeZo um; Odontophore=22/lm; Anterior end to guiding ring= ltium; Oeso­phagus=550 urn; Prerectum= 111.6 urn; Rectum=37.8/lm; Tail length=2286.2/lm; Anal body width=30.6/lmFemale (Paratype n=3): L=2.55 mm±0.08 (2.46­2.62); a=45 ±3.5 (43-49); b=4.5 ±0.2 (4.2-4.6);c=9 ±0.7(8.2-9.7); c'=9.3 ± 1.1 (8.3-11); V=47 ±0.7 (46-48); Anterior end to guiding ring=17/lm±0.2 (16-17); Odontostyleezo um Eu? (25.2-27);OdontophoreeZd um Etl.d (22.4-23.1); Rectum»39.1/lm±4 (36-43); Prerectum=110 /lm± 14 (94­119); Tail length=283/lm± 15.3 (272-300); Analbody width=29.Zum ± 0.4 (28-29).Male (n=2): L=2.11-2.27 mm; a=36-38; b=4.0-4.l;c=89.1-102; c'=0.6; T=66.4-68.1; Odontostyle=26-27 urn; Odontophore=24-26 urn; Anterior endto guiding ring=16.5-l6.8; Prerectum=137-178urn: Rectum-c S-til um; Tail length=20-22/lm;Spiculeeou.Zum; Anal body width=34-35 urnOther locality: Cheju (Abies koreana Wilson).Female (n=8): L=2.50 mm ±0.24 (2.138-2.94);a=44±2.5 (40-47); b=4±0.3 (4.0-4.4); c=8.1 ±0.5(7.4-9); c'=9.5±0.8 (8.1-11); V=47±1.5 (45-50);Odontostyle=28/lm±0.2 (27.4-28); Odontophore=26/lm±2.5 (21-29); Anterior end to guiding ring=20.1/lm± 1.3 (18-22); Prerectum=90 /lm± 18 (70­112); Rectum=53/lm±3.2 (49-58); Tail length=306/lm±24.2 (274-349); Anal body width=32.3/lm±2.7(29-37).Male (n=3): L=2.35 mm +0.15 (2.24-2.52); a=40±5.0(35.4-45.1); b=4.0±0.2(3.4-4.0); c=92.1 ±7

(84-97); c'=0.6 ±0.03 (0.6-0.7); T=56.3 ±6 (50­60); Anterior end to guiding ring=19.4/lm±3 (17­22); Odontostyle=27 urn ±0.2 (26-27); Odonto­phore=26/lm±3.1 (23-29); Prerectume l Zx um E10(170-189); Rectumecz urn Ll o (45-77); Taillength=26/lm± 1.8 (23-27); Spicule=63/lm± 1.8(61-65); Anal body width=39/lm ± 1.0 (38-40);

Female: Body straightly and slightly curved ven­trally when fixed. tapering slightly toward bothends. Cuticle finely striated, 5.2-5.7/lm thick atmid body. Lip region expanded and rounded trun­cate, 20-21/lm wide. Amphids in stirrup-shaped;aperture about one-third of the corresponding body-width. Cheilostome with four heavy onchia anddenticles. Vestibule with sclerotized ribs forming abasket-like structure. The walls of stoma bearingminute denticles. Odontostyle aperture about one­third of its length. Odontophore simple, rod-like.Guiding ring 'double', fixed ring at 16-17/lm fromthe anterior end. Nerve ring at 139-162/lm fromanterior end. Post-extension constriction of oesoph­agus present at 51-53/lm from base of odontostyle.Oesophageal gland nuclei and their orifices locatedas follows: DO=49.7-50.3; DN= 51.4-52.3; DN­DO=1.3-1.9; SIN1=72.5-73.9; SlN2=75.6-76.0;S2N2=84.1-85.1; S202=85.6-85.8.

Basal shield present. Cardia elongate conoid. Fe­male reproductive system amphidelphic. Vulva

. longitudinal, slightly depressed in the body. Tailconoid to filiform.

Male: Testes paired, opposed, dorylaimoid; sper­ms spindle-shaped, 1.1-1.3 x 5.2-5.9/lm. Spiculedorylaimoid, 1.6-1.8 anal body-widths long, 60/lmlong. Tail short, dorsally convex conoid with blun­tly rounded terminus, 1.1 anal body-widths long.Supplements an adanal pair and 15 -17 ventro­medians arranged in series, 5-6/lm apart. Prerec­tum 4-5 anal body-widths long. Caudal pores threeon each side.

Differential diagnosis: W cheongsongensis n. sp.differs from the all known species in having greaternumber of supplements; (15-17 in Wcheongsongen­sis vs. 5 - 7 in Westindicus brachycephalus, 11 inWestindicus keralaensis and 8 in Westindicus ra­pax). It further differs from W rapax Hunt, 1978 inhaving smaller 'V' value (V=45-48 vs. 49-52 in Wrapax) and slightly shorter odontostyle (25-28/lm

Vol. 1, No.2 J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 181

vs. 27 - 311lm in W rapax). From W keralaensisKhan, Ahmad and Jairajpuri, 1994, it differs in ha­ving filiform tail, c=7 -10 vs. elongate conoid, c=20 in W keralaensis. From W brachycephalusThorne, 1967 in having longer odontostylet, 25-28urn vs. 151lm in W brachycephalus.

Type habitat and locality: Soil around the root ofQuercus serrata Thunb, Chongsong, Korea.

Other locality and habitat: Halla Mountain, ChejuProvince (Abies koreana Wilson).

Type specimens: The holotype and paratype slidedeposited in the laboratory of Nematology, Depart­ment ofAgricultural Biology, College of Agricul­ture, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea.

Acknowledgements - The authors are thankfulto Dr. Zakaullah Khan for checking specimens. Thispaper was supported by Korea Science and Engi­neering Foundation (971-0602-009-2).

Literature Cited

Baqri, Q.H., A. Coomans and A. Van Der Heiden. 1975. Ataxonomic revision of the Nematode species described by

S. Stekhoven and Teunissen (1938) and S. Stekhoven(1944) from National Virunga Park, Zaire Republic II.Actinolairnidae. Rev. Zool. Afr., 89(3): 567 -586.

Hunt, D.J., 1978. Stomachoglossa bryophilum n. sp. (Britto­nematidae), Westindicus rapax n. sp. (Paractinolaimidae),

Caribenema Siddiqii n. sp. and C. longidens Thome, 1967(Carcharolaimidae) from st. Lucia. Nematologica 24: 175­

183.Jairajpuri, M.S. and W. Ahmad. 1992. Dorylaimida, free­

living, predaceous and plant-parasitic nematodes. Oxford

and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. 458pp.Khan, Z., W. Ahmad and M.S. Jairajpuri. 1994. Three new

species of Actinolaim nematodes from India. Nematologica

40: 494-502.Khan, Z., W. Ahmad and M.S. Jairajpuri. 1994. Description

of Paractinolaimoides unicus n. gen., n. sp. (Dorylairnida:Actinolaimidae) from India. Nematologica 40: 503-507.

Khan, Z. and M.S. Jairajpuri, 1994. The Actinolaims, Preda­tory soil nematodes from India. Litho-Colour Printers,

Aligarh. 137pp.Thome, G. 1967. Nematodes of Puerto Rico: Actinolaimoi­

dea new superfamily with a revision of its genera andspecies with addenda to Belondroidea (Neamta, Adeno­phorea, Dorylaimida). University Puerto Rico Station,

Technical Paper 43: 1-48.

(Received April 27, 1998; Accepted August 17, 1998)

182 J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. . September 1998

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Fig. 1. Afractinolaimus zairensis, A, Oesophageal region; B, Female gonad; C, Ventral view of anterior end; D, E, Anterior

end; F, Anterior end showing amphid; G, Female posterior end; H, Enface view of top; I, Enface view of further down level

of lip, showing amphid aperture; J, Male posterior end; K, Vulva ..

Vol. 1, No.2 J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 183

Fig. 2. Afractinolaimus zairensis, A, B, Anterior end of female; C, Anterior end showing amphid; D, E, F, Cross section of

lip region, D, Enface view of top, E, little down level, F, Further down, showing amphid aperture; G, Male posterior region;

H, Female posterior region; I, Oesophago-intestinal junction; J, Vulva; K, Ventromedian supplements; L, Male posterior

region.

184 J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. September 1998

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Fig. 3. Egtitus andhricus, A, Oesophageal region; B, Female gonad; C, Anterior region of female; D, Oesophago-intestinal

junction; E, Vulva; F, Anterior end showing amphid; G, Female posterior region; H, Male posterior region.

Vol. 1, No.2 J. Asia-Pacific EntomoI.

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Fig. 4. Egtitus andhricus, A, Anterior region of female; B, Oesophago-intestinal junction; C, Male posterior region; D, E,

Vulva; F, Female posterior region; G, Male posterior end.

186. J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. September 1998

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Fig. 5. Paractinolaimus hawangensis, A, Oesophageal region; B, Anterior end of female; C, Anterior end of male; D,

Anterior end showing amphid; E, Oesophago-intestinal junction; F, Female posterior region; G, Spicule; H, Vulva; I,

Female gonad; J, Guiding piece; K, Male posterior end; L, Ventromedian supplements.

Vol. 1, No.2

\A

J. Asia-Pacific Entomol. 187

Fig. 6. Paractinolaimus hawangensis, A, Anterior end of female; B, Vulva; C, Oesophago-intestinal junction; D, Female

tail; E, Ventromedian supplements; F, Male posterior region.

188 1. Asia- Pacific EntomoL September 1998

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Fig. 7. Westindicus cheongsongensis, A, Oesophageal region; B, Female gonad; C, Anterior region of female; D, Anterior

region of male; E, Female posterior region; F, Male posterior region; G, Oesophago-intestinal junction; H, Anterior end.

Vol. 1, No.2 J. Asia- Pacific Entomol. 189

I

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Fig. 8. Westindicus cheongsongensis, A, Anterior end of female; B, Male posterior region; C, Vulva; D, Anterior region of

male; E, Oesophago-intestinal junction; F, Female posterior region.