System to Evaluate Prime Farmland Reclamation Success Based on Spatial Soil Properties Applied Science Project United States Department of the Interior Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement Cooperating and Supporting Agencies: Black Beauty Coal Company Inc. Peabody Energy Inc. Solar Sources Inc. Illinois Clean Coal Institute Natural Resources Conservation Service Illinois Department of Natural Resources Indiana Department of Natural Resources Illinois Clean Coal Institute Illinois Coal Association Indiana Coal Council
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System to Evaluate Prime Farmland Reclamation Success Based on Spatial Soil Properties Applied Science Project United States Department of the Interior.
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System to Evaluate Prime Farmland Reclamation Success Based on
Spatial Soil PropertiesApplied Science Project
United States Department of the Interior
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Cooperating and Supporting Agencies:Black Beauty Coal Company Inc.
Peabody Energy Inc.Solar Sources Inc.
Illinois Clean Coal InstituteNatural Resources Conservation ServiceIllinois Department of Natural ResourcesIndiana Department of Natural Resources
Illinois Clean Coal InstituteIllinois Coal Association
Indiana Coal Council
SMCRA
• Requires operator to restore mined land to pre-mine land use and level of productivity
• Created standards for soil replacement
• Authorized states "primacy" to regulate - state program no less stringent than federal rules
• Requires coal operator to show proof of productivity
Data set consists of topsoil replaced treatments from Captain Mix,Denmark Truck, BS#2 Deep Tillage Plots, and Sunspot Plots, all of which have a minimum of five years yield data.
A/3 Mix
TNT
DM2 TS/BHDM1
Yield
Cisne Clarksdale
PSI
TS/SPDM3TWT
TLGRM1Denmark
SCR
TG2CHS
NewPenetrometer
Technology
**American Society of Testing and Materials
ASTM**
600Tip angle
2 cm/sec
Tip force
Sleeve friction
Soil resistivity
Soil moisture
Project Objectives• The objective of this work is to develop
a soil based approach which could be used in lieu of the current yield based approach for bond release.
• The soil based approach will use measurable soil spatial characteristics to determine if a given reclaimed field meets the requirements of restoration of field productivity as outlined in existing federal and state regulations.
2005 Sites
Digital Cone Penetration Testing
Real Time CPT Data Acquisition
Penetration at 2 cm/s
Sand
Clay
Buried Crust
Clay
Database• Penetrometer Data
– Tip Stress, Sleeve Stress, Soil Resistivity, Vol. Moisture
…all interpolation algorithms assume that 1) “nearby things are more alike than distant things” (spatial autocorrelation), 2) appropriate sampling intensity, and 3) suitable sampling pattern.
…the continuous surfaces produces “map” of the spatial variation in the data samples.
Not the first attempt…..
• Earlier attempts had difficulty in accounting for spatial structure.
• With the advent of new technology, new statistical techniques and software, and improved computer accessibility, we now have the opportunity to produce and utilize probabilistic models.