system Security

SYSTEM SECURITY

INTRODUCTION Security Is the major issue in the computer

field so, it must be addressed by using some techniques in order to secure our system.

Data can be hacked by the hackers and cause damages to the computers. Some of the possible damages that can be made to the computers are malware virus, worms, spyware and cookies etc.

THREATS TO COMPUTER SYSTEM MALWARE :-Malware' is an umbrella term used to refer to a

variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software, including computer viruses, worms, Trojan horses, ransomware, spyware, adware, scareware, and other malicious programs. It can take the form of executable code, scripts, active content, and other software.

VIRUS :-In addition to copying itself, a computer virus can also execute instructions that cause harm. For this reason, computer viruses affect security. They are part of malware. Very often, the term is also used for other kinds of malware, such as Trojan horses and worms.

WORMS :-A computer worm is a standalone malware computer program that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Often, it uses a computer network to spread itself, relying on security failures on the target computer to access it. Unlike a computer virus, it does not need to attach itself to an existing program.

SPYWARE :-Spyware is a type of malware that is installed on a computer without the knowledge of the owner in order to collect the owner's private information. Spyware is often hidden from the user in order to gather information about internet interaction, keystrokes (also known as keylogging), passwords, and other valuable data.

COOKIES :-A possible interaction between a web browser and a server holding a web page in which the server sends a cookie to the browser and the browser sends it back when requesting another page. Cookies are arbitrary pieces of data, usually chosen by the web server, and stored on the client computer by the browser.

TROJAN :-In computers, a Trojan horse is a program in which malicious or harmful code is contained inside apparently harmless programming or data in such a way that it can get control and do its chosen form of damage, such as ruining the file allocation table on your hard disk.

COMPUTER SECURITY

Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. A computer should be used only by authorized users. Password should be changed regularly. Personal information and password should not be shared. Regularly update your antivirus software.

DESKTOP SECURITY :- Using anti-virus software is one way to counter computer threats. Moreover, these software are used after a virus has attacked the computer. There are ways and measures by which we can restrict viruses to enter into the computer. These measures collectively come under "Desktop security" which includes software authorization, authentication, firewalls, encrypted channels, anti-virus tools and user education.

NETWORK SECURITY :-network security (or information security) is to provide protection to the computer system from the hackers (intruders). Network security focuses on protecting data resources from external attack and also from simple mistakes made by the users within an organization.

FIREWALL :- A firewall is a technique used in a secured computer system or network to block unauthorized access and allow only the authorized user. Firewalls can be implemented in either hardware or software, or a combination of both.

DIGITAL SIGNATURE :-In case of Cyber Crime, a digital signature plays a significant role to ensure authenticity and thus protect security of a computer system. A digital signature is a method for proving the authenticity of a message or document or attachment or software sent through email.

DIGITAL CERTIFICATE :- A digital certificate (also known as a public key certificate or identity certificate) is an electronic document which uses a digital signature to bind together a public key or password required for decode and encoded document with an authentic identity such as the name of a person or an organization, their phone numbers or address, and so forth. The certificate can be used to verify that a public key belongs to an authorized individual or organization.

FILE ACCESS PERMISSION :-In a computer network or even in the internet, some files or documents are made shareable and some are made public. The protected sharable files and documents are shared among few users or even by a group having the access rights. Access rights are generally decided and given by the owner of the file or the network administrator. Thus the three types of users can access a file or a folder i.e. Owner, user having access rights, or all other users.

Software can be divided into different types depending upon their uses and application. Software can be broadly divided into two categories such as System Software & Application Software. Software required to run and maintain basic components of computer system come under the category of system software whereas software required to solve some specific task of daily use is generally called application software. An operating system is an example of system software while documentation tool, a presentation tool, a spreadsheet tool are all examples of application software. Even your favorite computer game is an example of application software. System software Utility software Application software

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

Being an electronic device, a computer as such can not perform anything of its own. The functions of all the physical components of a computer system are guided by some instructions or program collectively known as System Software. System Software controls all internal activities inside a computer system and between all attached components of a computer system. It controls all possible activities inside the computer system which can be summarized as follows: Reads data and instructions through the input devices; Translates all data and instruction into computer understandable

form and vice versa; Controls all devices attached to the computer system; Processes and generates the result on the output devices;Ex:- BIOS, Operating system, Device drives, Language processors.

System software

The basic input/output system (BIOS) is also commonly known as the System BIOS. The BIOS is boot firmware, a small program that controls various electronic devices attached to the main computer system. It is designed to be the first set of instructions run by a Computer when powered on. The initial function of the BIOS is to initialize system devices such as the RAM, hard disk, CD/DVD drive, video display card, and other hardware. The BIOS sets the machine hardware into a known state to help the operating system to configure the hardware components. This process is known as booting, or booting up.

BIOS

Operating system provides a software platform, on top of which, other programs, called application programs are run. The application programs must be written to run on the environment of a particular operating system. Our choice of operating system, therefore, depends to a great extent on the CPU and the other attached devices and the applications we want to run. For PCs, some of the most popular operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Linux, Mac OS, Solaris, BOSS, etc.

NEED OF AN OPERATING SYSTEM

MAJOR FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

As discussed above, a computer system understands only machine language or binary language, also known as Low Level Language (LLL). This language is extremely difficult to learn for a general programmer and thus there is a need for some special language that is easy to learn and understand for the programmer in order to interact with the computer system. These special languages or set of commands are collectively known as programming languages or High Level languages (HLL). Some examples of High Level Programming Languages are Basic, C, C++, JAVA, etc. These high level programming languages can easily be translated into machine language and vice versa using language translators like assembler or Interpreter or Compiler. These translators are also known as language processors.

LANGUAGE PROCESSOR

Application software is a set of programs to carry out a specific task like word processor, spreadsheet, presentation tools, library management software, railway reservation, antivirus software, etc. Generally an application software can perform only one specific job and can not be used for something else. For instance, a library management software can not be used for railway reservation system or a word processing software is generally not used as a spreadsheet.

Application Software can be divided into different categories depending upon their uses as follows: Utility Software General Purpose Application Software Specific Purpose Application Software Developer Tools

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

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