System and Component Efficiency with Refrigerant R410a A. T. Setiawan 1, A. Olsson 2, H. Hager 2 1 Department of Energy Technology, Div. Of Applied Thermodynamics.

System and Component Efficiency System and Component Efficiency with Refrigerant R410awith Refrigerant R410a

A. T. Setiawan1, A. Olsson2, H. Hager2

1Department of Energy Technology, Div. Of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration, KTH, Stockholm

2SWEP International AB, Box 105, SE-261 22 Landskrona,

Sweden

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Properties of R410A

Comparison with other common refrigerants

System characteristics

Experimental test facility

Experimental heat transfer results

Comparison to other data and other refrigerants

Overview

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

R410a

Properties

50/50 mixture of R32/R125 (CH2F2 – C2HF5)

Glide : Less than 0,1°C (azeotropic)

Comparably high pressure (15 Bars at Tamb)

ODP : 0 % (HFC refrigerant)

GWP : 1730 (compared to CO2)

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

R410a

Vapor Pressure curve

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

-20 0 20 40 60 80

Temperature (ºC)

Vap

our

pres

sure

(ba

r)

R22 R407c R410a R134a R290

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

COP2, comparison of refrigerants (T1=40°C)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10

Evaporation temperature (°C)

CO

P 2

R410A

R134a

R407C

R290

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Pressure ratio, comparison of refrigerants (T1=40°C)

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

-20 -10 0 10 20

Evaporation temp (°C)

R410A

R134a

R407C

R290

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

R410a

Pro’s and Con’s

Pro’s Con’s

•Low specific volume, lead to smaller piping and other components•No glide (0.1K)•No ODP (Ozone Depleting Potential)•Appropriate for new systems  

•High pressure, need special components•GWP (Global Warming Potential)•Not appropriate when converting old R22 systems•Low critical temperature (73ºC), limiting the condensation temperature.

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Figures of Merit Evaporation in horizontal tubes

5,1

25,0

8,04,0

".

.

fg

EDP

fg

E

h

vFOM

h

kFOM

23

41

419

43

47

54

52

52

59

54

52

54

"...

..

1401,0

fg

m

fg

h

vx

d

LQCp

h

k

Ld

Q

g

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Figures of Merit

Evaporator (examples)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

Temperature (ºC)

FO

M E

R407c R410a R134a Propane

O.Pelletier, 2003

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15

Temperature (ºC)

FO

M ED

P

R407c R410a R134a Propane

O.Pelletier, 2003

Boiling Heat Transfer

Evaporator Pressure Drop

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

SSP–CBE Modelling

Relative CBE size, chiller mode

Evaporator Chiller Mode: t2=2 ºC (4 ºC), dtS H=4 K, x IN=0.2, dtW =5 K, dpW =35 kPa

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

B15 V80 V200

NoP

/No

PR

22 R22

R134a

R410A

R407C

Condenser Chiller Mode: t1=40 ºC, dtSC=2 K, tD SH=70 ºC, dtW =5 K, dpW =35 kPa

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

B15 B25 B45

NoP

/No

PR

22 R22

R134a

R410A

R407C

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

SSP–CBE Modelling

Relative CBE size, heat pumpEvaporator Heat pump Mode: t2=-7 ºC (-5 ºC), dtSH=4 K, x IN=0.25, dtB=3 K, dpB=50 kPa

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

B15 V80 V200

No

P/N

oP

R2

2 R22

R134a

R410A

R407C

Condenser Heat pump Mode: t1=55 ºC, dtSC=2 K, tDSH=90 ºC, dtW =10 K, dpW =50 kPa

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

B15 B25 B45

No

P/N

oP

R22 R22

R134a

R410A

R407C

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Experimental Test Facility

Availability of components

Hermetic compressors available (?) up to 150 kW cooling (tandem)

Expansion valve : Limited availability

Copper tubes up to 12 mm, then steel

Sight glass, filter-dryer, valves available

Check valve, oil separator, limited

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Experimental Test Facility Tested heat exchangers

Condenser : Plate heat exchanger (CBE), 34 plates, 2.0 m2

co-current and counter-current

Evaporator : Plate heat exchanger (CBE), 34 plates, 2.0 m2

Plate heat exchanger (CBE), 32 plates, 1.0 m2

both counter-current

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Experimental Test Facility Schematic view

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Experimental Test Facility The Refrigerant loop, schematic

Filter Dryer

+ Sight Glass

SubCooler

Liquid separator

Receiver Tank

OIL separator

Bypass line (changing CBEs) emptying condenser and evaporator

Condenser

Evaporator

Bypass line (changing CBEs) pushing refrigerant into receiver tank

Parallel Scroll

Compressor

Massflow Meter

Expansion Valve

Oil Return Line

3

2

1

5 4 Normal Operation Valve 1, 2, 3 OPEN Valve 4, 5 CLOSE Changing CBEs (collecting refrigerant in Receiver Tank) Valve 1, 2, 3 CLOSE Valve 4 ,5 OPEN SubCooler acting as condenser

for refrigerant storage

LP

Safety switch (electronic)

HP Safety switch (electronic)

Oil Level Sensor

(electronic)

Oil Return Valve

Safety Valve

Capillary Line

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Evaporator test

Operational conditions

Evaporation temp : 2°C

Inlet vapor quality : 20%

TSuperheat = 4°C

Heat flux range : 8 – 15 kW/m2

TBrine = 5°C

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Evaporator test

Different CBE size

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Heat Flux (kW/m²)

U (

W/m

².K

)

Large CBESmall CBE

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Condenser test

Operational conditions

Condensing temp : 40°C

Compressor discharge temp : 75°C

No subcooling

Heat flux range : 9 – 18 kW/m2

TBrine = 5°C

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Condenser test

Different flow direction

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Heat Flux (kW/m²)

U (

W/m

².K

)

cocurrentcounterflow

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Evaporator test

Comparison with literature data

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Heat Flux (kW/m²)

U (

W/m

².K

)

Large CBE (R410a) Small CBE (R410a) comheta B (R410a)

comheta B (R134a) comheta B (R407c) comheta B (R22)

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

Condenser test

Comparison with literature data

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Heat Flux (kW/m²)

U (

W/m

².K

)

cocurrent counterflow comheta B

comheta B (R134a) comheta B (R407c) comheta B (R22)

(R410A)

Div. of Applied Thermodynamics and Refrigeration Department of Energy TechnologyRoyal Institute of Technology, Stockholm

For more information, please refer to final report.

Thank you for your attention