Slide Schengen (EU) Schengen (non-EU) Non-Schengen EU members Largest refugee recipients Syria Syrian refugee crisis and Fortress Europe: mapping flows, problems and solutions Eero Janson Estonian Refugee Council
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Slide
Schengen (EU)
Schengen (non-EU)
Non-Schengen EU members
Largest refugee recipients
Syria
Syrian refugee crisis and Fortress Europe:
mapping flows, problems and solutions
Eero JansonEstonian Refugee Council
Slide
Turkey595,055
Schengen (EU)
Schengen (non-EU)
Non-Schengen EU members
Largest refugee recipients
Syria
Iraq217,144
Lebanon915,145
Jordan598,690
Egypt133,529
Main recipient countries of Syrian refugees
6,5mIDPs
Source: UNHCR
European Union:about 43,000
asylum seekersin 2013
That is roughly 2,5% of the number of refugees received by the main neighbouring countries
during 2013 (about 1,7 million)
Slide
Schengen (EU)
Schengen (non-EU)
Non-Schengen EU members
Largest refugee recipients
Syria Land route• Fences being built in
Bulgaria and Greece• Need for visa• Push-backs
Fortress Europe and access to protection
Sea route• High cost of smuggling• Risk of death• Push-backs
Air route• Need for visa• Carrier sanctions
Slide
Schengen (EU)
Schengen (non-EU)
Non-Schengen EU members
Largest refugee recipients
Syria
Protection rates of Syrian citizens
Source: Eurostat
650595%
829088%
81594%
10595%
131086%
72099%
6033% 90
56%
60049%
Greece (2012)275 applications and 0 positive decisions,
during the same period close to8,000 arrests of Syrian citizens
for irregular entry
51587%
EU+ (2013 Q1-3)23,995 – number of decisions89% – percentage of positive decisions
79084%
55100%
14082%540
86%
48069%
Slide
Schengen (EU)
Schengen (non-EU)
Non-Schengen EU members
Largest refugee recipients
Syria
Problems• Lack of safe legal entry
channels• Excessive visa
requirements• Carrier sanctions• Push-backs on border• Smuggling and human
trafficking• Unequal reception
conditions
Solutions• Protected entry
procedures (PEPs)• Resettlement• Humanitarian visas• Border monitoring• Family reunification• Rethinking Dublin
system
Slide
Schengen (EU)
Schengen (non-EU)
Non-Schengen EU members
Largest refugee recipients
Syria
Resettlement places offered to Syrians
11,000
1,2001,000
500
500
500
500
250
150
140
130
90
75 60
10
LI: 4
50
UNHCR goal30,000 places
Total of EU+16,109 places16 countries (13 EU)
Actual resettlement1,269 in Germany160 in Austria
Source: UNHCR
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