Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology

Anurag Adhikari6th Semester

B.Tech BiotechnologyWhite House Institute of Science &

TechnologyKhumalter,Lalitpur, Nepal

Ph: 977-01-5537852/977-01-5536741

email: [email protected]

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Acknowledgement I would like to express my very great appreciation to

Mr. Sishir Sharma٭ for his valuable and constructive suggestions during the planning and development of this work.

My grateful thanks are also extended to my friends for their help and motivations.

Research Associate ٭

School of Biotechnology

White House Institute of Science & Technology Khumaltar, Lalitpur

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Content

• Introduction• Conventional biotechnology• Synthetic biology• XNAs• Potential paradigm• Biological Paradox• Innovation blog• Reference

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What is Synthetic Biology?

In simple words , making biological entities in laboratory rather than in nature …

Like…BiomoleculesBiophysical componentsEnzymesGenetic system And all other which are used to make a “LIFE’’

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Is life possible without DNA/RNA ?

DNA RNA Protein

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There is a saying , Scientist discovers those which are already present in

nature but an Engineer makes those which never existed before….

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Conventional Biotechnology What we’re studying is the conventional

biotech… Conventional biotechnology is limited to;• Genomics• Proteomics• Metabolomics and its optimized clones But Synthetic biotechnology will provide;• All above and The engineered precursor of basics…i.e

Stem cell for the above three..(analogy)

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What we’ve learned on conventional biotech?

Life operates on harmony with genetic system and the environment

Products from Central dogma shapes up life From disease to disorders different switch

system in vivo or in vitro are responsible Mother nature has provided tools and source

to exploit the limitation of life

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But what if…..

We no longer need source itself There are things beyond genomics and

environment We can make products in such a way that

was never made before There is a whole new system of life ahead of

us

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And answer lies in Synthetic biology..

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It is now possible to digitize biology by converting

the A, C, T, and G's of the chemical makeup of DNA into 1's and 0's in a computer.

But can we reverse the process and start with 1's and 0's in a computer to define the Life??

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“Cynthia” (Synthetic Cell)

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BioBricks: Registry of Standard Biological Parts

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Uses of Synthetic biology

Energy custom-built microbes and fuelsartificial photosynthesis. Medicinedrugsvaccines and diagnostic agentscreation of new tissue.

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Environment pollution and ozone

Chemical industrynovel chemicalssynthetic fibres.

Agriculturenovel food additives.

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Story…

So can I say 100$ is not for LED TV?

100$ codes Black & white TV Is this clear?

I can buy a Black & White TV

But I can’t buy LED TV

Bank prints 100$

Now I’ve 100$

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In central Dogma…

Just as the case , for 100$ i can’t get LED TV….

We know UUU codes for Phenylanaline(not other)

I can’t get Lysine for UUU..can i?

DNA : ..GGCAAATTGGC..

Has mRNA: ..UUU…

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Again back to story..

Theme: Despite of changing source overall result is same…

I can still buy Black & White TV

Though I’ve changed the source nature…i.e Paper/ Coin

Let me suppose I have coins making 100$..

Hundred 1$ coin

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Recent achievement on Synthetic Biology..

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Xeno Nucleic Acid(XNAs)

Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology , UK

Philip Holliger and his group made XNAs These nucleic acid consisted same base but

different Pentose sugar other than; Deoxyribose and Ribose

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Its like finding a new planet Earth..

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What is XNA?

New genetic information carrier

Existing Polymerases don’t work in this

Total new system of enzyme needed

Life can be regulated with it

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100$ Mechanism XNA Mechanism

XNA can’t be read on natural polymerases…

That’s why it needs new set of enzymes to work

But coin can’t be count in this…

That’s why I need an alternate machine to

count coin…

Paper money can be counted in…

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Some of the possibilities…remember its only some..

XNAs

Human health

Gene therapy

Pharmacogenomics

Origin and Evolution

Genetic precursor

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Biological Paradox

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Is it possible?• Benzene

Adenine• Phenol

Guanine• Nitrobenzene

Cytosine• AnilineThymine

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So does that means we’re not learning genomics but its Avatar..

What would you imagine about an Escherichia coli which has genetic code made of 6 letters..

What about the Alien amino acid salvage pathway…

From our existing genetic code there is possibility of alternate source of life , then what would this Xna bring to us..

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Then what will happen to these?

Translation

Transcription

Replication

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Innovation Blog

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Einstein, Bohr & DNA1. Young’s double slit experiment

2. Duality of Nature: Answer to Junk DNA

3. Space and time fabrics around cell system

4. Not predetermined state , but working state depends with Relative to Observer

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Problem of Ethical consideration can be solved..

DNA can be regarded as the coincidence for the hereditary phenomenon

If you provide mechano-bio procedure for providing A.A then no need of Central dogma

Can be used to artificially expand the genetic code

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Reference:

• Royal Society (2008a). Synthetic biology – scientific discussion meeting summary. Available at www.royalsoc. org; additional information is available at the Royal Society’s Synthetic Biology resource at www.royalsociety.org/page.asp?id=7493

• Weber, W, Stelling, J, Rimann, M, et al. (2007b). A synthetic time-delay circuit in mammalian cells and mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104, 2643–2648

• Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Health Council of the Netherlands and the Advisory Council on Health Research (2008). Synthetic biology: creating opportunities. Report number 2008/19E. Available at www.knaw.nl/cfdata/publications/results_zoeken.cfm 42

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Thank you

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Any questions?