SYNTHESIS OF SILVER ELECTRODEPOSITED ON TITANIUM SUBSTRATE AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY. *Nor Zulfa binti Tahir *2009713131 *AS225 Bsc Applied Chemis Yusairie bin Mohd
Nov 16, 2014
SYNTHESIS OF SILVER ELECTRODEPOSITED ON TITANIUM SUBSTRATE AND
ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY.
*Nor Zulfa binti Tahir *2009713131 *AS225 Bsc Applied Chemistry *Dr Yusairie bin Mohd
BACKGROUND OF STUDIES
SILVER PROPERTIES
•Silver is slightly harder than gold. •It is very ductile and malleable, exceeded in these properties by gold and palladium.•Silver is stable in pure air and water, although it tarnishes upon exposure to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur.•Has ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES
BACKGROUND OF STUDIES
TITANIUM PROPERTIES
•strong, •low-density, •highly corrosion-resistant metallic element•Used as medical mesh and plates in reconstructive surgery•holds numerous advantages compared to all other types of non-corrosive, body-compatible metals
BACKGROUND OF STUDIES
Preparation of Silver DepositsDeposition process
Electroless and
chemical depositio
n
Electrodeposition
Advantages of electrodeposition technique• Process is faster.• Low costs• Capable of producing high quality
material
Advantages of Electrodeposition
substrateSilver deposits
Disadvantages of other technique such as chemical deposition.• it is more expensive because the
reducing agent costs more than an equivalent amount of in the bulk of the solution
• it is less intensive because the metal deposition rate is limited by metal ion reduction
PROBLEM STATEMENTS
Electrodeposition condition and solution influence the formation of silver deposition on substrate.
The existing solution use toxic substances i.e AgCN thus encouraging the studies of environmentally precursor of silver solution required.
Titanium mesh implant cause bioaccumulation in medical surgery.
To replace toxic AgCN, the disadvantages and adverse effects caused by current method practise by industries to obtain silver deposits.
• To use material that can inhibit and prevent bioaccumulation of titanium implant for medical purposes.
SIGNIFICANCES OF STUDIES
OBJECTIVES OF STUDIES
1. To extract silver from silver nitrate and investigate the influence of potential applied during deposition of silver onto titanium mesh by electrodeposition technique.
2. To characterize the prepared silver coating with varies voltage by FESEM, and EDAX.
3. To study antimicrobial activity of titanium mesh coated with silver against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus
LITERATURE REVIEW
YEAR AUTHOR JOURNAL FINDING
2005 G.M. ZarkadasA. StergioG. Papanastasio
Electrochimia Acta The production of smooth, compact, and coherent deposits is of greatest importance in the electrodeposition process and is much desired in the electrolytic refining of metals.
2006 Elvira GomezJose Garcia- TorresElisa Valles
Electroanalytical Chemistry
Silver were produced by electrodeposition process using cyanide baths because silver electrodeposits prepared from a simple salt do not lead to coherent deposits. Despite the high quality of the deposits obtained from the alkaline cyanide solutions, these plating baths are strongly toxic. Thus developing alternative baths, which could replace cyanide ones, is of important environmental and economical interest.
LITERATURE REVIEWYEAR AUTHOR JOURNAL FINDING
2010 Andrew BasileAnand I. BhattAnthony P. O’MullaneSuresh K. Bhargava
Electrochimia Acta
Several approaches have been taken to produce silver films including physical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition, chemical vapour deposition and sputtering, all of which have disadvantages including cost and slow deposition rates. Other approaches include electro and electroless plating, however this usually requires the use of toxic cyanide based plating baths that often contain additional organic additives which are both harmful and difficult to dispose off after the reaction completes.Therefore the development of alternative solvents that minimise the use of pollutant is of importance given the industrial and academic focus on green processes which aim to reduce the environmental impact of current industrial methods.
2004 Claudia Ramirez Elsa M. ArceMario Romero- RomoManuel Palomar- Pardave
Solid State Ionics
Considering that silver is the metal which has been largely used for coatings, exhibiting optimal physicochemical properties and fairly good corrosion resitance.
LITERATURE REVIEWYEAR AUTHOR JOURNAL FINDING
2007 M. SaitouT. OtaA. NakanoS.M Asadul
Hossain
Surface and Coating Technology
Cyanide free compounds such as silver nitrate, silver sulfate, silver ionide and silver thiosulfate have not been reported to produce silver thin films shiny appearances. In most experiments, the surface appearances are white, yellow or white bright tints that are not accepted for decorative and technological application.
In spite of cyanide toxisity, silver electrodeposition has been carried out from cyanide electrolytes because the cyanide processes are easy to chemically control a broad range of silver cyanide concentrations.
2008 Woo Kyung Jung Hye Cheong KooKi Woo KimSook ShinSo Hyun KimYong Ho Park
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Since ancient times, the silver ion has been known to be effective against a broad range of microorganisms. Today, silver ions are used to control bacterial growth in a variety of medical applications, including dental work, catheters, and the healing of burn wounds.
LITERATURE REVIEWYEAR AUTHOR BOOK/JOURNAL FINDING
2007 Felix Bronner Mary C.F. Antonios G.M
Engineering of Functional Skeletal Tissues.
The advantages of using the mesh material for tissue engineering purposes are its flexibility, strength, porosity, and interconnectivity. Strength allows the implant to bear the mechanical load. Flexibility eliminates focal stresses by distributing the stresses between implant and tissue over a larger area. Finally porosity and interconnectivity allow tissue in growth and stabilisation of the implant.
2010 Liao JuanZhu ZhiminMo AnchunLi LeiZhang Jingchao
International journal nanomedicine
Implanted devices such as artificial hip or knee joints, and dental implants are suitable substrates for microbial colonization and biofilm formation, which is a recurrent complication in implant surgery.
METHODOLOGY
SYNTHESIS OF
SILVER ELECTRODEPOSITED ON
TITANIUM
SUBSTRATE AND
ITS ANTIMICROBIAL
ACTIVITY.
Antimicrobial
Testing
Preparation of silver
particles
Electrodeposition:CV
Electrodeposition:Chronoamperometric
Characterisation.
1
2
3
FESEM
EDAX
ADHESION
GRAM+VE
GRAM -VE
METHODOLOGY
Material and Chemicals Instruments
1. Silver nitrate,AgNO3 solutions 2. Nitric acids, HNO3 pH adjustment3. Silver nitrate (AgNO3 )4. Mueller Hinton Agar5. Mueller Hinton Broth 6. Escherichi coli Broth culture7. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria culture.
1. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM)
2. Autolab pentiostat3. EDAX (energy dispersive
Xray)4. Tape
METHODOLOGYSurface Preparation of Substrate Titanium Mesh
To obtain desired deposits optimumly,
Cyclic Voltammetry (determination of deposition potential)
Chronoamperometry ( to deposit the silver films on Ti mesh)
Electrodeposition of Silver Onto Titanium mesh
METHODOLOGY
METHODOLOGYCharacterization of Silver Deposits
EDAX
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) – surface morphology
Adhesion test
METHODOLOGYAntimicrobial Testing
METHODOLOGYAntimicrobial Testing
METHODOLOGYAntimicrobial Testing
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONCyclic Voltammetric
Ag+ (aqueous) + e Ag (solid)
Low potential chosen: -0.5VHigh potential chosen: -1.5V
faraday process involves the transfer of electrons across the electrode-electrolyte interface
Starts here
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONChronoamperometric
• Ag/Ti AT -0.5V(LOW VOLTAGE)
• bright shining silver +very little
precipitation of white pale powder
• Ag/Ti AT -1.5V (HIGH VOLTAGE)
• bright shining silver + abundant precipitation of white pale powder.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONChronoamperometric Factor
influenced
deposition.Quantity
SAMPLE NO.
CONDITION AVERAGE(g)MASS OF
DEPOSITION
ADHESION
1 Cronoamperometry at -0.5V with solution 0.20M silver nitrate
1.1135Very weak adherence and exfoliates from substrates.
2 Titanium mesh undergo cronoamperometry at -1.5V with solution 0.20M silver nitrate
0.01585Very weak adherence and exfoliates from substrates.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characterisation: FESEMMagnification 300X Magnification 500X
Blank Titanium mesh
Ag/Ti mesh: -0.5V
Ag/Ti mesh: -1.5V
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Characterisation: EDAX
Blank Titanium mesh Ag/Ti mesh: -0.5V Ag/Ti mesh: -1.5V
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONANTIMICROBIAL TESTING
Gram negative bacteria
Titanium mesh only.
No inhibiton zone
Ag/Ti at -0.5V.
Inhibition zone 0.95cm
Average 1.0cm
Ag/Ti at -1.5v
Inhibition zone
Average 0.75cm
Penicillin antibioticInhibiton
zone 0.65cmAverage 0.65cm
Sterile Distilled Water
No inhibition zone
Escherichia coli
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONANTIMICROBIAL TESTING
Gram negative bacteria
Titanium mesh only.
No inhition
zone
Ag-Ti at -0.5V.
Inhibition zone
1.05cmAverage 1.0cm
Ag-Ti at -1.5V
Inhibition zone
0.85cmAverage 0.75cm
Penicillin antibioticInhibition
zone 0.65cmAverage0.65cm
Sterile Distilled Water
No inhibition
zone
Escherichia coliDUPLICATED
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONANTIMICROBIAL TESTING
Gram positive bacteria
Titanium mesh only.
No inhition
zone
Ag-Ti at -0.5V.
Inhibition zone
0.7cmAverage 0.8cm
Ag-Ti at -1.5V
Inhibition zone
0.7cmAverage 0.65cm
Penicillin antibioticInhibition
zone 0.7cm
Average0.7cm
Sterile Distilled Water
No inhibition
zone
Staphlococcus aureus
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONANTIMICROBIAL TESTING
Titanium mesh only.
No inhition
zone
Ag-Ti at -0.5V.
Inhibition zone
0.9cmAverage 0.8cm
Ag-Ti at -1.5V
Inhibition zone
0.6cmAverage 0.65cm
Penicillin antibioticInhibition
zone 0.70cmAverage0.70cm
Sterile Distilled Water
No inhibition
zone
Staphlococcus aureusDUPLICATED
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONANTIMICROBIAL TESTING
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSCO
NCL
USI
ON
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Study details the mechanism involved in the formation of silver on titanium subtrates by electrodeposition technique.
• The silver particles on titanium mesh can be further characterized in many other terms such as temperature and mechanical (stress test etc).
In addition that to improve analysis of elements obtained, EDAX can be analyzed at several different spot more on the surface giving more precise analysis that reducing the deviations between the analyzed sample.
• Adhesion between Ag-Ti can be further improved by studying the factor that influence strength of the adherence between Ag-Ti. Some of the factors are presence of additives in the solution bath, stability of the electrolyte etc.
And lastly, the application of Ag-Ti in its antimicrobial activity can further be investigated against various types of bacteria and microorganisms.
REC
OM
MEN
DAT
ION
S
REFERENCESClaudia Ramirez, et. al. (2004). The effect of temperature on the kinetics and mechanism
of silver electrodeposition. Journal of Solid State Kinetic; 81- 85
M. Saitou, et. al. (2007). Electrodeposition of silver films with shiny appearances from an electrolyte comprising silver ferrocyanide- thiocyanate and antimony potassium tartrate. Journal of Surface and Coating Technology 201 (2007) 6947-6952
G. M. Zarkadas, et. al. (2005). Influence of citric acid on the silver electrodeposition from aqueous AgNO3. Journal of Electrochimica Acta; 5022-5031.
Elvira Gomez, et al. (2006). Study and preparation of silver electrodeposits at negative potentials. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry; 89-95.
Andrew Basile, et al. (2010). Investigation of silver electrodeposition from ionic liquids; Influence of atmospheric water uptake on the silver electrodeposition mechanism and film morphology