Synthesis of Synthesis of Nickel Nanowires Nickel Nanowires By Jameson Thornton By Jameson Thornton Anant Singh Anant Singh Ashton Mortazavi Ashton Mortazavi 12-12-06 12-12-06 Engr 45 Engr 45
Dec 27, 2015
Synthesis of Nickel Synthesis of Nickel NanowiresNanowiresBy Jameson ThorntonBy Jameson Thornton
Anant SinghAnant SinghAshton MortazaviAshton Mortazavi
12-12-0612-12-06Engr 45Engr 45
Origins of nanotechnologyOrigins of nanotechnology
““Why cannot we write the entire 24 volumes of Why cannot we write the entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a the Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin?”pin?”
- Richard Feynman- Richard Feynman
Understanding nanotechnolgyUnderstanding nanotechnolgy
NanoTechnology, or NanoScience?NanoTechnology, or NanoScience?
Nanoscience is the discipline of understanding how Nanoscience is the discipline of understanding how things work, using commonly accepted experimental and things work, using commonly accepted experimental and theoretical techniques. Nanotechnology is the application theoretical techniques. Nanotechnology is the application of that scientific knowledge to a particular industry or of that scientific knowledge to a particular industry or marketplace.marketplace.
-IBM-IBM
What is nanotechnology?What is nanotechnology?
If you ask 100 people If you ask 100 people what nanotechnology what nanotechnology is, you will get 11 is, you will get 11 different answersdifferent answers
90 wont know what it 90 wont know what it isis
The other 10 will give The other 10 will give you varying answersyou varying answers
NanotechnologyNanotechnology
Nanotechnology is the engineering of Nanotechnology is the engineering of function systems at the molecular scale. It function systems at the molecular scale. It refers to the projected ability to construct refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up. items from the bottom up.
-K. Eric Drexler-K. Eric Drexler
Nanotechnology ranges in dimensions Nanotechnology ranges in dimensions from 1 nm to 100 nm.from 1 nm to 100 nm.
Red blood cells(~7-8 m)
Things NaturalThings Natural Things ManmadeThings Manmade
Fly ash~ 10-20m
Head of a pin1-2 mm
Quantum corral of 48 iron atoms on copper surfacepositioned one at a time with an STM tip
Corral diameter 14 nm
Human hair~ 60-120m wide
Ant~ 5 mm
Dust mite
200 m
ATP synthase
~10 nm diameterNanotube electrode
Carbon nanotube~1.3 nm diameter
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The Challenge
Fabricate and combine nanoscale building blocks to make useful devices, e.g., a photosynthetic reaction center with integral semiconductor storage.
Mic
row
orl
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0.1 nm
1 nanometer (nm)
0.01 m10 nm
0.1 m100 nm
1 micrometer (m)
0.01 mm10 m
0.1 mm100 m
1 millimeter (mm)
1 cm10 mm
10-2 m
10-3 m
10-4 m
10-5 m
10-6 m
10-7 m
10-8 m
10-9 m
10-10 m
Visi
ble
Nan
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1,000 nanometers = In
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icro
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1,000,000 nanometers =
Zone plate x-ray “lens”Outer ring spacing ~35 nm
Office of Basic Energy SciencesOffice of Science, U.S. DOE
Version 05-26-06, pmd
The Scale of Things – Nanometers and MoreThe Scale of Things – Nanometers and More
MicroElectroMechanical (MEMS) devices10 -100 m wide
Red blood cellsPollen grain
Carbon buckyball
~1 nm diameter
Self-assembled,Nature-inspired structureMany 10s of nm
Atoms of siliconspacing 0.078 nm
DNA~2-1/2 nm diameter
Nano ManipulationNano Manipulation
It's like trying to make things out of LEGO blocks It's like trying to make things out of LEGO blocks with boxing gloves on your hands. Yes, you can with boxing gloves on your hands. Yes, you can push the LEGO blocks into great heaps and pile push the LEGO blocks into great heaps and pile them up, but you can't really snap them together them up, but you can't really snap them together the way you'd like.the way you'd like.
- - Ralph Merkle Ralph Merkle
Nano levelNano level
Properties change at the nano level. Properties change at the nano level.
The properties of electrostatic forces as The properties of electrostatic forces as well as quantum forces become well as quantum forces become increasingly important as things get increasingly important as things get smaller. smaller.
Nano scaleNano scale
Crazy things happen at the nano scale Crazy things happen at the nano scale
Opaque subtances become transparent (Copper)Opaque subtances become transparent (Copper)
Inert materials become catalysts (Platinum)Inert materials become catalysts (Platinum)
Stable materials become combustible (Aluminum)Stable materials become combustible (Aluminum)
Solids turn into liquids (Gold)Solids turn into liquids (Gold)
Insulators become conductors (Silicon)Insulators become conductors (Silicon)
NanotechnologyNanotechnology
Importance of volume vs. surface areaImportance of volume vs. surface area
Great heat sinksGreat heat sinks
Mesoporous materialsMesoporous materials
AerogelAerogel
Extremely low thermal Extremely low thermal conductivityconductivity
Nearly 99.8% airNearly 99.8% air
Density nearly that of Density nearly that of airair
NanotubesNanotubes
Usually made from Usually made from carbon networkscarbon networks
Great strengthGreat strength
LightweightLightweight
Applications of NanotubesApplications of Nanotubes
Used for strengthening all sorts of Used for strengthening all sorts of compositescomposites
Strengthening frames for cars and other Strengthening frames for cars and other structuresstructures
Applications in biotechnology field, Applications in biotechnology field, especially as small transporting tubesespecially as small transporting tubes
Dangers of NanotechnologyDangers of Nanotechnology
Molecular manufacturing suddenly will Molecular manufacturing suddenly will create many riskscreate many risks
Dangers of NanotechnologyDangers of Nanotechnology
Disruption of the basis of economy is a Disruption of the basis of economy is a strong possibilitystrong possibility
Nano-built products may be vastly Nano-built products may be vastly overpriced relative to their cost, overpriced relative to their cost, perpetuating unnecessary poverty.perpetuating unnecessary poverty.
Dangers of NanotechnologyDangers of Nanotechnology
Criminals and terrorists could make Criminals and terrorists could make effective use of the technologyeffective use of the technology
Nanotech weapons would be extremely Nanotech weapons would be extremely powerful and could lead to a dangerously powerful and could lead to a dangerously unstable arms race.unstable arms race.
The ExperimentThe Experiment
This experiment was an attempt at a modified technique This experiment was an attempt at a modified technique for synthesizing nickel nanowires from the following for synthesizing nickel nanowires from the following website.website.
http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/nanolab/nickel/index.htmlhttp://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/nanolab/nickel/index.html
Modified ApproachesModified ApproachesNickel PaintNickel Paint
Gold SputteringGold Sputtering
Aluminum (foil)Aluminum (foil)
The ExperimentThe Experiment
SuppliesSuppliesBeakerBeaker
NickelwireNickelwire
Nickel Plating SolutionNickel Plating Solution
Sodium HydroxideSodium Hydroxide
Nitric AcidNitric Acid
Alumina Ceramic Whatman Alumina Ceramic Whatman DisksDisks
Power SourcePower Source
The ExperimentThe Experiment
Nickel PaintNickel Paint
Nickel flakes in an acetone solutionNickel flakes in an acetone solution
applied on back of disk similar to the instructions on applied on back of disk similar to the instructions on website for Gallium Indiumwebsite for Gallium Indium
Possible reasons for failurePossible reasons for failureCapillary action of resin in solution may have clogged Capillary action of resin in solution may have clogged filterfilter
Drying of nickel paint may have contracted causing Drying of nickel paint may have contracted causing cracks in the delicate ceramic diskcracks in the delicate ceramic disk
Gold SputteringGold SputteringPlaces a very thin layer of gold plating on back of ceramic disk using Places a very thin layer of gold plating on back of ceramic disk using a sputtering machinea sputtering machine
Possible reasons for FailurePossible reasons for FailurePlating may have been too thin, thereby not completing the circuit Plating may have been too thin, thereby not completing the circuit as we desiredas we desired
Gold is too inert to be disolved to retrieve any nickel nanowiresGold is too inert to be disolved to retrieve any nickel nanowires
Ceramic Disk Gold Plating
Polymer Ring
Copper Backing
Aluminum (foil)Aluminum (foil)
Very thin aluminum sheet applied to back of ceramic diskVery thin aluminum sheet applied to back of ceramic disk
Possible reasons for failurePossible reasons for failurePoor conductionPoor conduction
Difficulty adhering aluminum to ceramic diskDifficulty adhering aluminum to ceramic disk
The ResultsThe Results
Trace of nickel deposits found Trace of nickel deposits found on ceramic disk using nickel on ceramic disk using nickel paint methodpaint method
Nickel flakes found suspended Nickel flakes found suspended in solution using gold in solution using gold sputtering method but could sputtering method but could not be separated from the gold not be separated from the gold platingplating
No nickel plating was found No nickel plating was found using the aluminum method using the aluminum method due to poor conduction pathdue to poor conduction path
ReferencesReferences
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanotechnologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nanotechnology
http://Stardust.Jpl.NASA.govhttp://Stardust.Jpl.NASA.gov
http://www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Origins_of_Nanotechnologyhttp://www.iscid.org/encyclopedia/Origins_of_Nanotechnology
http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.htmlhttp://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html
http://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/nanolab/nickel/index.htmlhttp://mrsec.wisc.edu/Edetc/nanolab/nickel/index.html
http://www.research.ibm.com/pics/nanotech/defined.shtmlhttp://www.research.ibm.com/pics/nanotech/defined.shtml