Synthesis Forth Grade

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The alphabet

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Countable and Uncountable Nouns

Countable nouns are easy to recognize. They are things that we can count.For example: "pen". We can count pens. We can have one, two, three or

more pens. Here are some more countable nouns:

dog, cat, animal, man, person

bottle, box, litre

coin, note, dollar

cup, plate, fork

table, chair, suitcase, bag

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

My dog isplaying.

My dogs arehungry.

We can use the indefinite article a/anwith countable nouns:

Adog is ananimal.

When a countable noun is singular, we must use a wordlike a/the/my/thiswith it:

I want anorange. (notI want orange.)

Where is mybottle? (notWhere is bottle?)

When a countable noun is plural, we can use it alone:

I like oranges.

Bottles can break.

We can use someand anywith countable nouns:

I've got somedollars.

Have you got anypens?

We can use a fewand manywith countable nouns:

I've got a fewdollars.

I haven't got manypens.

"People" is countable. "People" is the plural of "person". We can countpeople:

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There is one person here.

There are three people here.

Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts etc that we cannot divide intoseparate elements. We cannot "count" them. For example, we cannot count"milk". We can count "bottles of milk" or "litres of milk", but we cannotcount "milk" itself. Here are some more uncountable nouns:

music, art, love, happiness

advice, information, news

furniture, luggage

rice, sugar, butter, water

electricity, gas, power

money, currency

We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb.For example:

Thisnews isvery important.

Your luggage looksheavy.

We do not usually use the indefinite article a/anwith uncountable nouns.We cannot say "an information" or "a music". But we can say a something

of:

a piece ofnews

a bottle ofwater

a grain ofrice

We can use someand anywith uncountable nouns:

I've got somemoney.

Have you got anyrice?

We can use a littleand muchwith uncountable nouns:

I've got a littlemoney. I haven't got muchrice.

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SCIENCE

Cells are the

Starting PointAll living organisms on Earth

are divided in pieces called

cells. There are smaller

pieces to cells that

include proteinsandorganell

es. There are also larger

pieces

called tissuesandsystems. Cells are small compartments that hold all

of the biological equipment necessary to keep an organism alive and

successful on Earth.

A main purpose of a cell is to organize. Cells hold a variety of pieces

and each cell has a different set offunctions.It is easier for an

organism to grow and survive when cells are present. If you were only

made of one cell, you would only be able to grow to a certain size. You

don't find single cells that are as large as a cow. Also, if you were

only one cell you couldn't have anervous system,nomusclesfor

movement, and using the internet would be out of the question. The

trillions of cells in your body make your life possible.

One Name, Many Types

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There are many types of cells. In biology class, you will usually work

with plant-likecells and animal-likecells. We say animal-like because

an animal type of cell could be anything from a tinymicroorganismto

a nerve cell in your brain. Plant cells are easier to identify because

they have a protective structure called acell wallmade of cellulose.

Plants have the wall; animals do not. Plants also have organelles like

thechloroplast(the things that make them green) or large water-filledvacuoles.

We said that there are many types of cells. Cells are unique to each

type of organism.Humansmay have hundreds of types of cells. Some

cells are used to carry oxygen (O2) through the blood (red blood

cells) and others might be specific to the heart. If you look at very

simple organisms, you will discover cells that have no defined nucleus

(prokaryotes)and other cells that have hundreds of nuclei

(multinucleated). The thing they all have in common is that they arecompartments surrounded by some type ofmembrane.

Prokaryotic Cells- The prokaryotic cell is a simple, small cell with no nucleus. Most

bacteria are prokaryotic. There are three main parts to the prokaryotic cell: 1) the

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COLOMBIA

Official Name:Repblica de Colombia.

Capital:Bogot.

Independence Day:July 20, 1810

LIMITS

East: Venezuela andBrazil South: Ecuador andPeru

North: Atlantic Ocean,through theCaribbean Sea

North-west:Panama

West:Pacific Ocean.

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THE NATURAL REGIONS OF COLOMBIA

The Natural Regions of Colombiaare six natural regions comprised by

primarily the Colombian Andes mountain range pertaining to the Andes, the

Caribbean region pertaining to the area contiguous to the Caribbean sea, the

Pacific region contiguous to the Pacific Ocean, the Insular region,

comprehending islands both in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the Amazon

region part of the Amazon rainforest and the Orinoqua region part of the

Llanosplains mainly in the Orinoco river basin.

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Colombian Symbols

Colombian bird

Condor

Flag

Coat of Arms flower

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Sets

Definition

What is a set? Well, simply put, it's a collection.

First you specify a common property among "things" (this word will be

defined later) and then you gather up all the "things" that have this

common property.

For example, the items you wear: thesewould include shoes, socks, hat, shirt,

pants, and so on.

I'm sure you could come up with at least

a hundred.

This is known as a set.

Or another example would be types of fingers.

This set would include index, middle, ring, and

pinky.

So it is just things grouped together with a certain property in common.

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A is a subset of B if and only if every element of A is in B.

So let's use this definition in some examples.

Is A a subset of B, where A = {1, 3, 4} and B = {1, 4, 3, 2}?1 is in A, and 1 is in B as well. So far so good.

3 is in A and 3 is also in B.

4 is in A, and 4 is in B.

That's all the elements of A, and every single one is in B, so we're done.

Yes, A is a subset of B

Note that 2 is in B, but 2 is not in A. But remember, that doesn't matter, we

only look at the elements in A.

Union

This is read as ' AunionB' and is the set of all elements that are inAor

inBor both.

Example

IfTis the set of students who travel by train,Bis the set of students who

travel by bus andPis the set of students who travel by train or bus,

thenPis the union of setsTandB.

Example

IfA

is the set{ a, b, c, d }andB

is the set{ b, d, e, f }then: