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SYNERGISTIC LEADERSHIP
THEORYJayanta(GJ 805)
Minisha(Gk1074)5Naw Khu Mu Wah(GN 531)
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Introduction
Problems with leadership theories and research:
A male bias
A need for leadership theories that transcendgender and cultures because the goal of scienceis to develop universally valid theories, laws, andprinciples
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Synergistic Leadership Theory
To address the male bias and include the femalesexperience and perspective, Irby, Brown, Duffy (1999)developed the SLT.
Developed by female researchers, utilizing a female sample,and including the female perspective.
The SLT includes issues concerning diversity and the inclusionof the female voice in the theory.
The SLT has emerged as a transformational leadershiptheory
sharing responsibilities, building capacity in others,leading by example, motivating followers, andrestructuring social situations.
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Three Assumptions of SLT
Leadership is the interaction among attitudes,beliefs, and values; leadership behavior; externalforces; and organizational structure.
Women bring a particular set of leadershipbehaviors to leadership positions.
No theory/model exists in current literature that isinclusive of female leadership characteristics orwomens perspectives
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TETRAHEDRAL MODELOrganizational
Structure
LeadershipBehaviors
Beliefs, Attitudes, and
Values
External
Forces
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Four Factors of synergistic leadership theory
Factor 1: Attitudes, beliefs, and values
Factor 2: Leadership behavior
Factor 3: External forces
Factor 4: organizational structure
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Factor 1: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Values
Foundation for guiding principals
Dichotomous
Manifested in actions
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Factor 2 : Leadership Behavior
A range of behaviors from autocratic
to nurturer
Both behaviors that are commonly
associated with males and those thatare commonly associated with
females.
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Factor 3: External forces
Influencers outside the control of the
organization or the leader
Community and conditions, regulations or
laws, demographics, cultural and politicalclimate, technological advances, economicsituations, etc.
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Factor 4: organizational structure
Characteristics of organizations and how theyoperate
Ranging form open, feminist organizations totightly bureaucratic ones
The SLT creates a framework for describinginteractions and dynamic tensions among the fourfactors. Tension between even two of the factorscan negatively impact the perceived effectivenessof the leader or the organization.
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Differences Between SLT And Other Current
Leadership Theories
Postmodern Position challenges the hegemony of modernist centralization and
marginalization promotes the views of postmodernism does not advocate a binary either/or criteria
Gender Inclusivity addresses the female perspective and includes attributes,
experiences, and abilities inherent in both male and female
leaders includes female leaders in leadership development, reflects
females leadership experiences female leadership behaviors may interact with the factors
of the theory in ways unlike the leadership behavior ofmales
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Differences Between SLT And Other Current
Leadership Theories
Cross-Cultural Transcendence contextual, relational, situational/contingent, and
transformational
culture is an external force
possesses explanatory power
practical and useful for understanding interactive systems
parsimonious
advances gender equity and social justice because it promotesdialogue around a model that is cognizant of female, as wellas male, realities
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Conclusion
The SLT positioned in postmodernism
Postmodernism focuses on inclusivity, multiplicity, andplurality. The SLT is inclusive of female leaders perspectives
and experiences; it pursues co-existence or continuity of oldtheories rather than replacement of them.
The SLT consists of four factors which relate to and interact witheach other.
No matter what values, beliefs, attitudes, leadership behaviors,organizational structures, and external forces, the leader andorganization can be perceived as effective if there is an alignmentamong the four factors.
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Conclusions
Promote gender equity and social justice by including the femaleleaders views and voices
Female leadership emphasizes care, empowerment, andrelationship
Female leaders prioritize relationships over authority and lead
through collaboration rather than competition
Be aware of that leadership is a moral endeavor
The ultimate goal of leadership is to elevate the follower from alower level to a higher level of morality and to help the followersto become moral leaders in the cause of achieving a collective
purpose
Take cultural factors into consideration
Enhance their cultural competence by increasing their awarenessof and sensitivity to cultural differences and acceptance ofcultural values and behavioral patterns specific to certain cultures
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Thank you!