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• synchronous transmission
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C0 and C1 control codes C0 (ASCII and derivatives)
1 ^V 22 16 SYN ␖ Synchronous Idle Used in synchronous
transmission systems to provide a signal from which synchronous
correction may be achieved between data terminal equipment, particularly
when no other character is being transmitted.
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Data transmission - Asynchronous and synchronous data transmission
1 Asynchronous transmission uses start and stop bits to signify the
beginning bit ASCII character would actually be transmitted using 10 bits
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Data transmission - Asynchronous and synchronous data transmission
1 Synchronous transmission uses no start and stop bits, but instead
synchronizes transmission speeds at both the receiving and sending end
of the transmission using clock signal(s) built into each component.[vague] A continual stream of data is
then sent between the two nodes
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ISO/IEC 7816 - 7816-10: Electronic signals and answer to reset for synchronous cards
1 This part specifies the power, signal structures, and the structure for the
answer to reset between an integrated circuit card(s) with
synchronous transmission and an interface device such as a terminal.
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Network packet - Packet framing
1 Different communications protocols use different conventions for distinguishing between
the elements and for formatting the data. In Binary Synchronous Transmission, the packet is formatted in 8-bit bytes, and special characters
are used to delimit the different elements. Other protocols, like Ethernet, establish the
start of the header and data elements by their location relative to the start of the packet.
Some protocols format the information at a bit level instead of a byte level.
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RS-232 - Standard details
1 Both synchronous and asynchronous transmissions are supported by the standard
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Networking hardware - Specific devices
1 *Protocol converter: a hardware device that converts between two
different types of Transmission (telecommunications)|transmission,
such as asynchronous and synchronous transmissions.
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Super grid - Mega grid
1 In more conventional conceptions such as the proposed unification of the European
UCTE and IPS/UPS system of the Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS,
such a mega grid is no different from typical Wide area synchronous grid|wide area
synchronous transmission systems where electricity takes an ad-hoc transit route
directly through local utility transmission lines or HVDC lines as required.
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Data transfer - Asynchronous and synchronous data transmission
1 'Asynchronous transmission' uses start and stop bits to signify the
beginning bit ASCII character would actually be transmitted using 10 bits
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Data transfer - Asynchronous and synchronous data transmission
1 'Synchronous transmission' uses no start and stop bits, but instead
synchronizes transmission speeds at both the receiving and sending end
of the transmission using clock signal(s) built into each component
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Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter - Synchronous transmission
1 An asynchronous transmission sends no characters over the
interconnection when the transmitting device has nothing to send; but a synchronous interface
must send pad characters to maintain synchronization between
the receiver and transmitter
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Tractor-trailer - Transmission
1 On a semi-truck with non-synchronous transmission|constant
mesh transmission (non synchronized), such as by the Eaton
Corporation|Eaton Roadranger series, not only is double clutching required, but a clutch brake is required as well
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Transmission (mechanics) - Non-synchronous
1 Also see Non-synchronous transmissions#Double clutch|Double-
clutching, and Non-synchronous transmissions#Clutch brake|Clutch-brake sections of the main article.
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Manual transmission - Unsynchronized transmission
1 These transmissions are called sliding mesh transmissions or sometimes Non-synchronous
transmission|crash boxes, because of the difficulty in changing gears and the loud grinding sound that often
accompanied
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Manual transmission - Unsynchronized transmission
1 Non-synchronous transmission|Non-synchronized transmission designs are used
for several reasons
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Manual transmission - Unsynchronized transmission
1 Heavy duty trucks often use unsynchronized transmissions, though
military trucks usually have synchronized transmissions, allowing untrained
personnel to operate them in emergencies. In the United States, traffic safety rules
refer to non-synchronous transmissions in classes of larger commercial motor
vehicles. In Europe, heavy duty trucks use synchronized gearboxes as standard.
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Manual transmission - Truck transmissions
1 Heavy-duty transmissions are almost always Non-synchronous transmission|non-
synchromesh
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NRZI
1 NRZ-Level itself is not a synchronous system but rather an encoding that can be used in either a synchronous
or asynchronous transmission environment, that is, with or without
an explicit clock signal involved
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Conversational Monitor System - Terminal support
1 'Historical note:' The 3270 approach differed from lower-cost dumb terminals of the period, which were Network_topology#Point-to-point|point-to-point and asynchronous transmission|asynchronous. Commercial time-sharing users, an important segment of early CP/CMS and VM
sites, relied on such devices because they could connect via 300- or 1200 bit/s modems over normal voice-grade telephone circuits. Installing a dedicated circuit for a 3270 was often not practical, economical, or timely.
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Conversational Monitor System - Terminal support
1 These asynchronous transmission|asynchronous terminal controllers
assembled a line of characters, up to a fixed maximum length, until the
RETURN key was pressed
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Comparison of synchronous and asynchronous signalling
1 'Synchronous' and 'asynchronous transmissions' are two different methods of data transmission|
transmission Synchronization#Communication|
synchronization. Synchronous transmissions are synchronized by an
external clock, while asynchronous transmissions are synchronized by
special signals along the transmission medium.
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Comparison of synchronous and asynchronous signalling - Data/strobe synchronous transmission
1 In synchronous transmission, the stream of data to be transferred is encoded as fluctuating voltages in one wire, and a periodic pulse of
voltage is put on another wire (often called the clock or strobe) that tells
the receiver here's where one bit/byte ends and the next one
begins.
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Comparison of synchronous and asynchronous signalling - Data/strobe synchronous transmission
1 Practically all parallel communications protocols use such
synchronous transmission. For example, in a computer, address
information is transmitted synchronously—the address bits over the address bus, and the read strobe
in the control bus.
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Comparison of synchronous and asynchronous signalling - Asynchronous transmission
1 In one form of asynchronous transmission, there is only one
wire/signal carrying the transmission. The transmitter sends a stream of
data and periodically inserts a certain signal element into the stream which can be seen and
distinguished by the receiver as a sync signal.
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Semi-trailer truck - Transmission
1 On a semi-truck with non-synchronous transmission|constant
mesh transmission (non synchronized), such as by the Eaton
Corporation|Eaton Roadranger series, not only is Double clutch (technique)|
double clutching required, but a clutch brake is required as well
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Broadcast transmitter - Planning
1 Another system for extending coverage using multiple transmitters is quasi-synchronous transmission, but this is rarely used nowadays.
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ZM (New Zealand) - 90-9 ZM Wellington (Originally 2ZM then ZMFM)
1 In March 2007, ZM altered its Hutt Valley frequency from 93.5 to 90.9, to form a synchronous transmission with the signal from Mt Kaukau, also
on 90.9
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Radioteletype - Technical specification
1 The original (or Baudot) radioteletype system is based almost invariably on the Baudot code
or ITA-2 5 bit alphabet. The link is based on character asynchronous transmission with 1 start bit and 1, 1.5 or 2 stop bits. Transmitter
modulation is normally Frequency-shift keying|FSK (Types of radio emissions|F1B). Occasionally, an AFSK signal modulating an RF carrier (A2B, F2B) is used on VHF or UHF frequencies. Standard transmission speeds are 45.45, 50, 75, 100, 150 and 300 baud.
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Thornycroft Antar - Antar Mark 1B
1 *Transmission: Four-speed full Non-synchronous transmission|crash
gearbox with three-speed transfer casing and power takeoff. Two live worm-drive rear axles with inboard
epicyclic reduction.
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