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Symbiotic Relationships
010b
Symbiotic Relationships in Coral
Reefs
Symbiotic Relationships in Coral
Reefs
SymbiosisSymbiosis
“Living Together”
“Living Together”
Types of SymbiosisTypes of Symbiosis• Mutualism
– Both the symbiont and host benefit.
• Commensalism– The symbiont benefits with little
effect on the host.
• Parasitism– The symbiont benefits to the
detriment of the host.
• Mutualism– Both the symbiont and host
benefit.
• Commensalism– The symbiont benefits with little
effect on the host.
• Parasitism– The symbiont benefits to the
detriment of the host.
• Aegism– An association for protection
• Inquilism– One organism shelters within another
organisms
• Endoecism– One org shelters in the burrow or defensive
shelter of another
• Phoresis– One org uses another for transportation
• Epizoism- A sessile org lives on top of another
Obligate Versus Facultative
Relationships
Obligate Versus Facultative
Relationships
Obligate Relationship:Relationship is necessary for organism to surviveEx. coral and zooxanthellae
Facultative Relationship:Can survive without symbiont, but not as wellEx. anemone fish and anemone
MutualismMutualism
zooxanthellae and coralszooxanthellae and corals
Zooxanthellae give corals:• Increase coral growth by enhancing
calcification process• Provide energy• Give oxygen
Coral give zooxanthellae:• Nitrogen waste• A place to live• Carbon dioxide waste• Protection through their hard skeletons and
stinging cells• Harmful UV light is filtered by coral
pigments
Trapezia crab coming out of its
host coral (Pocillopora
damicornis) to attack the arm of an invading Crown of
Thorns Starfish
Trapezia crab coming out of its
host coral (Pocillopora
damicornis) to attack the arm of an invading Crown of
Thorns Starfish
anemonefish and sea anemones
anemonefish and sea anemones
goby shrimp and the Hawaiian shrimp gobygoby shrimp and the
Hawaiian shrimp goby
cleaner wrasse cleaning stations
cleaner wrasse cleaning stations
banded coral shrimpbanded coral shrimp
scarlet cleaner shrimp
scarlet cleaner shrimp
sea cucumber crab and sea cucumberssea cucumber crab and sea cucumbers