SYMBIOSE : A Simulation Platform for SYMBIOSE : A Simulation Platform for Performing Radiological Risk Assessments Performing Radiological Risk Assessments M.-A. Gonze 1 , C. Mourlon 1 , L. Garcia-Sanchez 1 , S. Le Dizès 1 , V. Nicoulaud 1 , J.-M. Métivier 1 , M. Simon-Cornu 1 P.-P. Gerber 2 et F. Vermorel 3 Context & objectives The SYMBIOSE is a R&D project, co-funded by Electricité de France (EDF), that aims at improving our capability to predict the fate, transport and impact of radionuclides in ecosystems, following radioactive releases from nuclear facilities under accidental, decommissioning or normal operating conditions. The main challenge was to promote a scientific and software approach that was flexible enough to deal with a wide range of situations, extending from simplified generic studies to more realistic spatially-distributed and site-specific assessments. The SYMBIOSE platform has also been designed to manage data/knowledge issued by research activities in radioecology. The industrial version is regularly up-graded to account for the users feedback. The latest version (SYMBIOSE V1.6) has been delivered in March 2011. Architecture The SYMBIOSE platform, that runs under Windows/Linux OS, in French/English, features a highly flexible and modular architecture. It consists of four major components: A library of modules, a module being an autonomous/reusable piece of software that models an environmental sub-system and encapsulates related parameters (generic/site- specific and deterministic/probabilistic values), A library of simulators, a simulator being a fit-for-purpose code that addresses a specific environmental problem, built by instantiating and connecting pre-existing modules through a graphical user-interface, A library of case studies, for the various existing simulators, and The application itself, for managing modules and simulators, or performing simulations through the use of a powerful calculation engine capable to deal with complex space and time dynamics. Biosphere modeling Objective. Testing the SYMBIOSE models through a comparison between 134 Cs/ 137 Cs activities measured in weeds, vegetables and cow milk (as published by MEXT and MHLW) and predicted activities, at a city scale. Scenario. Simulations were performed in the 80-km region around the NPP, from March 11 to June 11, considering spatially-distributed atmospheric deposition fluxes as input. These fluxes were hypothesized from measured surface activity (as published by MEXT/US-DOE) and meteorological conditions prevailing at time of releases. A landscape model consisting of 2000 meshes was built from a satellite image. Some assumptions about local agricultural practices were made (i.e. animal feeding, vegetative periods). Preliminary results. Comparisons are displayed for 5 cities, accounting for spatial variability inside each of them, due to the deposition heterogeneity. Numerical results show quite realistic time dynamics, even though activity levels can differ by more than a order of magnitude. Prospects. Intercomparison to be continued with increased realism. Example of simulation in the 80-km vicinity of Fukushima Daiichi NPP Pollutants. SYMBIOSE deals with several hundreds of radionuclides, deriving from up to 70 chemical elements, including chlorine, hydrogen and carbon for which specific non-equilibrium approaches have been proposed (see Poster 716, Le Dizès et al.). 1 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), DEI, SECRE, LME, Cadarache, France 2 Electricité de France - SEPTEN, 12-14 Avenue A. Dutriévoz, 69100 Villeurbanne, France 3 Electricité de France - CIDEN, 154 avenue Thiers, 69458 Lyon Cedex 06, France Contact: [email protected] Library of modules Calculation engine Library of simulators Library of case studies … Library of modules Calculation module … Site-specific data modules Calculation engine Library of simulators … Simulator Library of case studies Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Case studies … Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Cas d’étude Cas d’étude … Mathematical approach. Outputs such as concentrations, activities, stocks and fluxes of pollutants or (a)biotic mass obey mainly to mass conservation equations (ODE & PDE). When previous approach is not possible, empirical parameterizations such as transfer factors or functions are adopted. Landscape modeling. Spatial predictions are produced for a given sub-system on a specific spatial frame (i.e. collection of points, polylines or polygones). The specification of these frames, along with spatial interactions in- between them, defines a lanscape model. 1,00E+01 1,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,00E+04 1,00E+05 1,00E+06 1,00E+07 13/03 20/03 27/03 03/04 10/04 17/04 24/04 01/05 08/05 15/05 22/05 29/05 05/06 Date Activity (Bq/kg) Iitate_Cs.134 Iitate_Cs.137 Fukushima_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.137 Ono_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.137 Soma_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.137 Tamura_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.137 Iitate_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.134 Predicted vs measured activity in weeds in leafy vegetables 1,00E+00 1,00E+01 1,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,00E+04 1,00E+05 13/03 20/03 27/03 03/04 10/04 17/04 24/04 01/05 08/05 15/05 22/05 29/05 05/06 Date Activity (Bq/l) Iitate_Cs.134 Iitate_Cs.137 Fukushima_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.137 Ono_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.137 Soma_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.137 Tamura_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.137 Iitate_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.134 1,00E+00 1,00E+01 1,00E+02 1,00E+03 1,00E+04 1,00E+05 1,00E+06 13/03 20/03 27/03 03/04 10/04 17/04 24/04 01/05 08/05 15/05 22/05 29/05 05/06 Date Activity (Bq/kg) Iitate_Cs.134 Iitate_Cs.137 Fukushima_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.137 Ono_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.137 Soma_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.137 Tamura_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.137 Iitate_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.134 A French NPP landscape, consisting of 27 spatial frames in cow milk Release Release Release Ingestion Inhalation External exposition Inhalation External exposition Ingestion Inhalation External exposition Inhalation External exposition Collecting Migration Irrigation Irrigation Animal drinking Deposition Collecting Collecting Collecting Deposition Deposition Release Release Release SOURCE MAN … Ingestion Inhalation External exposition Inhalation External exposition Ingestion Inhalation External exposition Inhalation External exposition Collecting Migration AGRI Decay … Irrigation Irrigation Animal drinking Deposition FOODSTUFF Decay … Collecting VADOZE Migration Decay … Collecting SEA Migration Decay … Collecting RIVER Migration Decay … Deposition Deposition ATMO Migration Decay … Measured surface activity in 134Cs (Bq/m 2 ) mapped onto the landscape calculation grid.
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SYMBIOSE : A Simulation Platform for SYMBIOSE : A Simulation Platform for Performing Radiological Risk AssessmentsPerforming Radiological Risk AssessmentsM.-A. Gonze1, C. Mourlon1, L. Garcia-Sanchez1, S. Le Dizès1, V. Nicoulaud1, J.-M. Métivier1, M. Simon-Cornu1
P.-P. Gerber2 et F. Vermorel3
Context & objectivesThe SYMBIOSE is a R&D project, co-funded by Electricité de France (EDF), that aims at improving our capability to predict the fate, transport and impact of radionuclides in ecosystems, following radioactive releases from nuclear facilities under accidental, decommissioning or normal operating conditions. The main challenge was to promote a scientific and software approach that was flexible enough to deal with a wide range of situations, extending from simplified generic studies to more realistic spatially-distributed and site-specific assessments. The SYMBIOSE platform has also been designed to manage data/knowledge issued by research activities in radioecology. The industrial version is regularly up-graded to account for the users feedback. The latest version (SYMBIOSE V1.6) has been delivered in March 2011.
ArchitectureThe SYMBIOSE platform, that runs under Windows/Linux OS, in French/English, features a highly flexible and modular architecture. It consists of four major components:
A library of modules, a module being an autonomous/reusable piece of software that models an environmental sub-system and encapsulates related parameters (generic/site-specific and deterministic/probabilistic values),
A library of simulators, a simulator being a fit-for-purpose code that addresses a specific environmental problem, built by instantiating and connecting pre-existing modules through a graphical user-interface,
A library of case studies, for the various existing simulators, and
The application itself, for managing modules and simulators, or performing simulations through the use of a powerful calculation engine capable to deal with complex space and time dynamics.
Biosphere modeling
Objective. Testing the SYMBIOSE models through a comparison between134Cs/137Cs activities measured in weeds, vegetables and cow milk (as published by MEXT and MHLW) and predicted activities, at a city scale.
Scenario. Simulations were performed in the 80-km region around the NPP, from March 11 to June 11, considering spatially-distributed atmospheric deposition fluxes as input. These fluxes were hypothesized from measured surface activity (as published by MEXT/US-DOE) and meteorological conditions prevailing at time of releases. A landscape model consisting of 2000 meshes was built from a satellite image. Some assumptions about local agricultural practices were made (i.e. animal feeding, vegetative periods).
Preliminary results. Comparisons are displayed for 5 cities, accounting for spatial variability inside each of them, due to the deposition heterogeneity. Numerical results show quite realistic time dynamics, even though activity levels can differ by more than a order of magnitude.
Prospects. Intercomparison to be continued with increased realism.
Example of simulation in the 80-km vicinity of Fukushima Daiichi NPP
Pollutants. SYMBIOSE deals with several hundreds of radionuclides, deriving from up to 70 chemical elements, including chlorine, hydrogen and carbon for which specific non-equilibrium approaches have been proposed (see Poster 716, Le Dizès et al.).
1 Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), DEI, SECRE, LME, Cadarache, France2 Electricité de France - SEPTEN, 12-14 Avenue A. Dutriévoz, 69100 Villeurbanne, France3 Electricité de France - CIDEN, 154 avenue Thiers, 69458 Lyon Cedex 06, France
Contact: [email protected]
…
Library of modules
Calculationmodule
…
Site-specific data modules
Calculation engine
Library of simulators
…
Simulator
Library of case studies
Cas d’étudeCas d’étudeCasestudies
…Cas d’étudeCas d’étude
…
…
Library of modules
Calculationmodule
…
Site-specific data modules
Calculation engine
Library of simulators
…
Simulator
Library of case studies
Cas d’étudeCas d’étudeCas d’étudeCas d’étudeCas d’étudeCas d’étudeCasestudies
…Cas d’étudeCas d’étudeCas d’étudeCas d’étudeCas d’étudeCas d’étude
…
Mathematical approach. Outputs such as concentrations, activities, stocks and fluxes of pollutants or (a)biotic mass obey mainly to mass conservation equations (ODE & PDE). When previous approach is not possible, empirical parameterizations such as transfer factors or functions are adopted.
Landscape modeling. Spatial predictions are produced for a given sub-system on a specific spatial frame (i.e. collection of points, polylines or polygones). The specification of these frames, along with spatial interactions in- between them, defines a lanscape model.
1,00E+01
1,00E+02
1,00E+03
1,00E+04
1,00E+05
1,00E+06
1,00E+07
13/03 20/03 27/03 03/04 10/04 17/04 24/04 01/05 08/05 15/05 22/05 29/05 05/06 Date
Acti
vity
(Bq
/kg)
Iitate_Cs.134 Iitate_Cs.137Fukushima_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.137Ono_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.137Soma_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.137Tamura_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.137Iitate_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.134Ono_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.134Tamura_Cs.134
Predicted vs measured activity in weeds
in leafy vegetables
1,00E+00
1,00E+01
1,00E+02
1,00E+03
1,00E+04
1,00E+05
13/03 20/03 27/03 03/04 10/04 17/04 24/04 01/05 08/05 15/05 22/05 29/05 05/06 Date
Acti
vity
(Bq
/l)
Iitate_Cs.134 Iitate_Cs.137Fukushima_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.137Ono_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.137Soma_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.137Tamura_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.137Iitate_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.134Ono_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.134Tamura_Cs.134
1,00E+00
1,00E+01
1,00E+02
1,00E+03
1,00E+04
1,00E+05
1,00E+06
13/03 20/03 27/03 03/04 10/04 17/04 24/04 01/05 08/05 15/05 22/05 29/05 05/06 Date
Acti
vity
(Bq
/kg)
Iitate_Cs.134 Iitate_Cs.137Fukushima_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.137Ono_Cs.134 Ono_Cs.137Soma_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.137Tamura_Cs.134 Tamura_Cs.137Iitate_Cs.134 Fukushima_Cs.134Ono_Cs.134 Soma_Cs.134Tamura_Cs.134
A French NPP landscape, consisting of 27 spatial frames
in cow milk
ReleaseReleaseReleaseSOURCE
MAN…
Ingestion
InhalationExternalexposition
InhalationExternalexpositionIngestion
InhalationExternalexposition
InhalationExternalexposition
CollectingMigrationAGRI Decay…
Irrigation
Irrigation Animal drinking
Deposition
FOODSTUFF Decay…
CollectingVADOZEMigration Decay…
CollectingSEA MigrationDecay…
CollectingRIVER Migration Decay…
DepositionDepositionATMO Migration Decay…
ReleaseReleaseReleaseSOURCE
MAN…
Ingestion
InhalationExternalexposition
InhalationExternalexpositionIngestion
InhalationExternalexposition
InhalationExternalexposition
CollectingMigrationAGRI Decay…
Irrigation
Irrigation Animal drinking
Deposition
FOODSTUFF Decay…
CollectingVADOZEMigration Decay…
CollectingSEA MigrationDecay…
CollectingRIVER Migration Decay…
DepositionDepositionATMO Migration Decay…
Measured surface activity in 134Cs (Bq/m2) mapped onto the landscape calculation grid.
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