CEA DSM Irfu - Sylvie Leray - NuPECC LRP2010 WG6 - 01/06/10 1 NuPECC – Long Range Plan 2010 Working Group 6 Nuclear Physics Tools and Applications J. Benlliure (Univ. Santiago de Compostela), A. Boston (University of Liverpool), M. Durante ( GSI Darmstadt), S. Gammino (INFN-LNS Catania), J. Gomez Camacho (CNA, Sevilla), M. Huyse (K. U. Leuven), J. Kucera (Nuclear Physics Institute, Rez), S. Leray (CEA/Irfu) (Convener), L. Sihver (Chalmers University), C. Trautmann (GSI Darmstadt) NuPECC: Ph. Chomaz (CEA/Irfu) (SC), E. Nappi (INFN-Bari) (liaison), With contributions from : A. Aloisio (Università and INFN Napoli), M. Caccia (Università dell’Insubria and INFN Milano), F. Javier Santos (CNA Sevilla), A. Letourneau (CEA/Irfu), P.A. Mandò (INFN Florence), G. Pappalardo (INFN-LNS), P. Pelican (Lubljana), M.A. Respaldiza (CNA, Sevilla), F.P. Romano (INFN-LNS), J.C. Sublet (Culham Centre, UK), M. Toulemonde (CIMAP, Caen), C. Vockenhuber (ETH, Zurich), M. Winter (IRES, Strasbourg)
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J. Benlliure (Univ. Santiago de Compostela), A. Boston (University of Liverpool), M. Durante ( GSI Darmstadt), S. Gammino (INFN-LNS Catania), J. Gomez Camacho (CNA, Sevilla), M. Huyse (K. U. Leuven), J. Kucera (Nuclear Physics Institute, Rez), S. Leray (CEA/Irfu) (Convener), L. Sihver (Chalmers University), C. Trautmann (GSI Darmstadt)
NuPECC: Ph. Chomaz (CEA/Irfu) (SC), E. Nappi (INFN-Bari) (liaison),
With contributions from : A. Aloisio (Università and INFN Napoli), M. Caccia (Università dell’Insubria and INFN Milano), F. Javier Santos (CNA Sevilla), A. Letourneau (CEA/Irfu), P.A.
Mandò (INFN Florence), G. Pappalardo (INFN-LNS), P. Pelican (Lubljana), M.A. Respaldiza (CNA, Sevilla), F.P. Romano (INFN-LNS), J.C. Sublet (Culham Centre, UK), M. Toulemonde (CIMAP,
Caen), C. Vockenhuber (ETH, Zurich), M. Winter (IRES, Strasbourg)
The Birth of the Atomic Age was captured by Gary Sheahan to remember Enrico Fermi, Chicago Pile-1 and the first sustained nuclear chain reaction. Used with permission of the Chicago Historical Society.
Today, both renewed interest for certain applications and new opportunities provided by advanced NP tools and techniques
•RecommendationsSupport to small scale facilities and unique
installationsFundamental studies should be encouragedEffort on evaluation should be increased and
involvement of theoreticians in nuclear reaction models development should be encouraged so that European measurements contribute to European libraries and transport codesImprovement of the relations between
fundamental physicists, reactor physicists, theoreticians, evaluators and end-users (networking)Coordinated European action for radioactive
Radioisotope production–99Mo/99mTc supply and alternative methods
for 99Mo production
–β+ emitters, metal radionuclides for PET imaging
–Production in-situ of short lived isotopes
–radiotracers in drug development
01/06/10
role of nuclear physics–Production of novel radioisotopes: reaction cross-sections,
improved production techniques using e.g. new radiochemistry schemes, targets sustaining high intensities…
–The very high sensitivity of AMS for 14C detection permits studies of the metabolism and kinetics of substances labeled with very small quantities of 14C
Radioprotection/radiobiology– Accurate assessment of doses received
during medical treatment (and more generally after some exposition)
–Understanding of low dose effects: bystander/abscopal effects (effects in cells/organs not directly exposed), hormesis (low doses protect from high dose exposure)…
01/06/10
role of nuclear physics–Nuclear data and reaction models
–Nuclear physics tools (accelerators, isotope labeling, high sensitivity detectors, underground laboratories….) for radiobiology studies
–Assessing radiation risk of astronauts on low earth orbits (ISS, space shuttle) or on mission to the Moon or Mars due to Solar Particle Events and Galactic Cosmic Rays
–Radiation damage to electronics (single-event upset) Simulation codes for radiation risk assessment
–Measurement of relevant data (p to Fe induced reactions)
–Development of nuclear reaction models
Nuclear power sources for satellites and spacecrafts
–improved spectroscopic gamma-ray scintillators, e.g. medium energy resolution material such as cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) and LaBr3 for Eγ up to 3MeV, Ge using gamma tracking for location of isotopes
–development of improved non flammable neutron scintillators with digital neutron/gamma separation
–Nuclear data (photonuclear reactions, delayed n and γ)
•Nuclear physics methods for security applications
Scheme of the Nucifer detector
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Non-proliferation control–Measuring traces of nuclear materials with
AMS, γ-spectrometry (also for accidental comtamination)High sensitivity detection methods
–Use of anti-neutrinos to control possible illicit use of reactors (neutrino spectrum sensitive to the composition of the fuel (Pu/U))Depends on the achievable precision on
• Recommendations Further mechanisms need to be established :
– to encourage knowledge transfer between academic nuclear community and industry– to protect the investment in training the younger generation through graduated and post graduate programmes
Applications in material science and other fundamental domains
•Availability of ion beams of all elements (stable and radioactive), from KeV to hundreds of GeVs and advanced detection techniques new opportunities in materials science,
nanotechnology, planetary and geosciences, plasma physics…
– Understanding and characterization of material properties
– Controlled modification and nanostructuring of materials
Applications in material science and other fundamental domains
•Ion beam analysis and modification with low-energy beams (< MeV)
Using stable ions –Nuclear reactions for depth profiling or to analyze light element
concentrations
–Proton induced x- and γ-emission, non-destructive method with a detection limit ~ 100 ppm
Using radioactive ions (at ISOL facilities e.g. ISOLDE)–Dynamical properties studied by recording decay of implanted
radioactivity
–Emission channeling: direction of emission sensitive to crystal structure
Low E, low I universities, small institutes
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CEA DSM Irfu
•Material modification with high-energy heavy-ions beams (MeV-GeV)
- Sylvie Leray - NuPECC LRP2010 WG6 - 24
Applications in material science and other fundamental domains
Material structuring–adjusting the structuring depth via beam energy, writing
structures with microbeams, placing individual ions at defined positions
–ion tracks with MeV-GeV HI produces nanopores in membranes (commercial filters, cell cultivation substrates, synthesis of nanowires)
Ion-beam produced nanostructures
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Tracks of 100 MeV oxygen ions from linewise (upper pictures) and matrix irradiation
CEA DSM Irfu
•Material modification with high-energy heavy-ions beams (MeV-GeV)
- Sylvie Leray - NuPECC LRP2010 WG6 - 25
Applications in material science and other fundamental domains
Materials exposed to radiation–Characterization and control of material exposed to extreme
radiation environments (high-power accelerators, fission and fusion reactors)
–response of solids simultaneously exposed to several extreme conditions such as high pressure, temperature, and HE beams
–exposure to HE ion beams and high pressure important in geosciences (stability of planetary and geomaterials, understanding processes in the Earth’s interior)
01/06/10
Samples pressurized between two diamond anvils up to several tens of GPa irradiated with relativistic heavy ions of sufficient kinetic energy to pass through several mm of diamond.
CEA DSM Irfu
•Recommendations fundamental understanding needed to go
beyond today’s “cook and look” approachpromising trends that should be further
promoted providing suitable beams and warranting sufficiently frequent access to nuclear-physics dominated facilities favour closer interlink between the existing
complementary facilities within Europe (e.g. FP6 ITS LEIF, FP7 SPIRIT)
- Sylvie Leray - NuPECC LRP2010 WG6 - 26
Applications in material science and other fundamental domains
Ion beam analysis techniques (IBA) mainly at AGLAE (Louvre) and LABEC (Florence)
–external PIXE (Particle-Induced X-ray Emission)
–PIGE (Particle-Induced Gamma-Ray Emission)
–high energy resolution detectors.
–Recent developments aiming at determining the depth profile of the sample : confocal PIXE, differential PIXE, deep proton activation analysis
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•Extensive use of nuclear physics tools (virtually non-destructive) to obtain information of archaeological and artistic objects : in-depth elemental analysisdating
NP finds increasing interest in a large number of interdisciplinary fields
likely expansion of nuclear energy in the future, issue of nuclear waste management and perspective of fusion
development of particle therapy, need for more sensitive imaging techniques for both diagnostics and therapy and necessity of finding new ways to produce radiopharmaceutical isotopes
NP tools extensively used in climate evolution studies and water resource management, and in archaeology and cultural heritage applications
NP involved in assessing radiation hazard in space and in the growing field of security related applications and non-proliferation control.
Progress in Nuclear Physics toolsRecent sensitivity improvement of the AMS technique has
allowed new progress in nearly all the domains of applications availability of ion beams of elements (stable and radioactive),
from KeV to hundreds of GeV, and advanced detection techniques provide new opportunities in materials science, nanotechnology, planetary and geosciences, plasma physic
The field of high-intensity accelerators largely benefits from the synergies between studies for radioactive beam production, ADS, IFMIF, radiopharmaceutical isotope production, and ESS.
Research on plasma-based accelerators could lead to the development of much more compact and cheaper machines allowing a larger spreading of hadrontherapy
Progress in detector development offers very promising opportunities in a lot of interdisciplinary domains, in particular medical imaging
Numerous applications need more accurate nuclear data and reaction models in order to complement European data libraries and/or computer codes
necessity to perform fundamental studies response to end-user requestssubstantial effort should be put on the evaluation process so
that measurements can end up rapidly into European data libraries Measurements of nuclear data and material research requires
targets or samples of high isotopic purity, which may be radioactive
Coordination of target production facilities, situation of radiochemistry, and standardized procedures should be given sufficient attention and addressed at the European level
Small scale facilities as well as installations at large scale facilities are unique within Europe
the support for these application oriented activities should be enforced
beam time quota for applied research and/or dedicated Program Advisory Committees should be consideredto keep the European cutting-edge position it is strongly
recommended to closer interlink the existing complementary equipments and facilities.
Networking between fundamental physicists and end-users, networks of infrastructures (IBA, AMS or high-energy irradiation facilities), communication with medical doctors, climate scientists, environmental scientists, archaeologists)transfer of trained people to nuclear industry, medical centres,
applied research organizations or governmental bodies (as radioprotection and safety authorities)