1 SYLLABUS THEME B PLANT CLASSIFICATION & DIVERSITY B1: Naming and classification of organisms Biology of Plants - Raven et al. 2005 pp. 219-237 INTRODUCTION TO TAXONOMY Taxonomy Naming Describing Classifying Classification Grouping organisms by their similarities or relationships Systematics Analytical study of the diversity and relationships of organisms HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT Theophrastus – 4th Century • 500 plants based on leaf characteristics 13th Century – Monocots / Dicots based on stem structure 18th Century – flower and fruit structures used in classification
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SYLLABUS THEME BPLANT CLASSIFICATION
& DIVERSITY
B1: Naming and classification of organisms
Biology of Plants - Raven et al. 2005pp. 219-237
INTRODUCTION TO TAXONOMY
TaxonomyNamingDescribingClassifying
ClassificationGrouping organisms by their similarities or relationships
SystematicsAnalytical study of the diversity and relationships of organisms
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
Theophrastus – 4th Century• 500 plants based on leaf characteristics
13th Century – Monocots / Dicots based on stem structure18th Century – flower and fruit structures used in classification
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NAMING OF ORGANISMS
Why we use Latin names to name living organisms?
Facilitates international science
Initially – short phrase, polynomialMentha (genus name)
Swedish Scientist –Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778)Binomial system of NomenclatureA plant is named according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (I.C.B.N.)
Phaseolus vulgaris L.
Genus- Capital letter
Specific epithet- Small letter- Never stands alone
name consists of 2 parts (binomial): a generic name + a specific epithet
Authority- Abbreviation of the person who first published the name
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I.C.B.N. & PLANT NAMESplant nomenclature is independant of zoological nomenclature;the rules of the code are retrospective;the names are published in Latin, irrespective of its origin;the nomenclature of any taxon is based on the priority of publishing;every taxon can have only one correct name & it is the oldest name according to the rules;the application of botanical names is determined by means of nomenclatural types (typification).
TAXONOMIC RANKING
Taxon – Group of organisms of which all members share certain common characteristicsThe aim of a taxonomic ranking (hierarchy) is to arrange the taxa in such a way to reflect at best the differences and similarities amongst themEach taxonomic level is more general than the one below it