UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES COLLEGE OF LAW SALES I. INTRODUCTION Textbook: BAVIERA, Araceli, Sales DEFINITION OF SALE – Art. 1458 NATURE OF THE OBLIGATIONS ESSENTAIL REQUISITES OF A CONTRACT OF SALE 1. Consent 2. Subject Matter 3. Price Dizon v. CA 302 SCRA 288 (1999) STAGES OF CONTRACT OF SALE 1. Negotiation 2. Perfection 3. Consummation CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONTRACT OF SALE
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UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINESCOLLEGE OF LAW
SALES
I. INTRODUCTION
Textbook: BAVIERA, Araceli, Sales
DEFINITION OF SALE – Art. 1458
NATURE OF THE OBLIGATIONS
ESSENTAIL REQUISITES OF A CONTRACT OF SALE
1. Consent
2. Subject Matter
3. Price
Dizon v. CA 302 SCRA 288 (1999)
STAGES OF CONTRACT OF SALE
1. Negotiation
2. Perfection
3. Consummation
CHARACTERISTICS OF A CONTRACT OF SALE
1. Nominate and Principal
2. Consensual – Art. 1475
3. Bilateral and Reciprocal – Arts. 1169 and 1191
4. Onerous
5. Commutative –Arts. 1355 and 1470
SALE IS TITLE AND NOT MODE
SALE DISTINGUISHED FROM OTHER CONTRACTS
1. Donation – Arts. 725 and 1471
2. Barter – Arts. 1468, 1638 to 1641
Fule v. CA 286 SCRA 698 (1998)
3. Contract for Piece of Work – Arts. 1467, 1713 to 1715
Celestino v. Collector 99 Phil 841 (1956)
Commissioner v. Engineering Equipment 65 SCRA 590 (1975)
4. Agency to Buy or Sell – Art. 1466, 1868
Quiroga v. Parsons 38 Phil 501 (1918)
Puyat v. Arco 72 Phil 402 (1941)
5. Dacion en Pago – Art. 1245
Dao Heng Bank v. Sps. Lilia & Reynaldo Laigo 571 SCRA 4343 (2008)
6. Lease – Arts. 1484 and 1485
CONTRACT OF SALE/CONTRACT TO SELL
Luzon Brokerage v. Maritime Building 43 SCRA 93 (1972)
Dignos v. CA 158 SCRA 375 (1988)
II. PARTIES TO A CONTRACT OF SALE
CAPACITY OF PARTIES – Arts. 1489 – 1492
ABSOLUTE INCAPACITY – Arts. 1327, 1397, 1399
Necessaries – Art. 1489, 290
RELATIVE INCAPACITY: Married Persons
1. Contracts with Third Parties – Arts. 73, 96 and Family Code
2. Between Spouses – Arts. 133, 1490 and 1492
Medina v. Collector 1 SCRA 302 (1961)
3. Applicability to Common-Law Spouses – Art. 133
Matabuena v. Cervantes 38 Phil 284 (1971)
Cruz v. CA 281 SCRA 491 (1997)
SPECIAL DISQUALIFICATIONS – Arts. 1491 –1492
1. Guardians, Agents and Administrators
Philippine Trust Co. v. Roldan 99 Phil 392 (1956)
2. Lawyers
Rubias v. Batiller 51 SCRA 120 (1973)
3. Judges
Macariola v. Asuncion 114 SCRA 77 (1982)
III. SUBJECT MATTER
REQUISITES OF A VALID SUBJECT MATTER – Arts. 1459 to 1465
1. Must be licit – Arts. 1347, 1459, 1575, 1409
Martinez v. CA 56 SCRA 647 (1974)
2. Must be determinate or determinable – Art. 1460
Melliza v. City of Iloilo 23 SCRA 477 (1968)
Atilano v. Atilano 28 SCRA 231 (1969)
3. Must be existing, future or contingent – Arts. 1347, 1348 and 1462
Emption rei speratae – Arts. 1461 and 1347
Pichel v. Alonzo 111 SCRA 34 (1981)
Emptio spei – Art. 1461
Subject to resolutory condition – Art. 1465
4. Quantity of subject matter not essential for perfection – Art. 1349
PARTICULAR KINDS
1. Generic things – Arts. 1246 and 1409 (6)
Yu Tek v. Gonzales 29 Phil 384 (1915)
2. Future goods – Art. 1461
3. Sale of undivided interest or share – Arts. 1463-1464
4. Sale of things in litigation – Arts. 1381 (4), 1358 (2)
IV. OBLIGATION OF THE SELLER TO TRANSFER OWNERSHIP
SALE BY A PERSON NOT THE OWNER AT TIME OF DELIVERY – Arts. 1462,
1505, 1459
EXCEPTIONS: When ownership transfers by non-owner
1. Estoppel – Arts. 1434
Hernaez v. Hernaez 32 Phil 214 (1915)
Siy Cong Bien V. HSBC 56 Phil 598 (1932)
Jalbuena v. Lizarraga 33 Phil 77 (1915)
2. Recording Laws; Torrens System – PD 1529
3. Statutory Sale - Order of Courts
4. Sale in Merchant’s Store, Market or Fair
Sun Bros. V. Velasco 54 OG 5143 Aug 1958
Masiclat v. Centeno GR No 8420, May 21, 1956
SALE BY A PERSON HAVING A VOIDABLE TITLE – Arts. 1506, 559
Tagatac v. Jimenez 53 OG 3792 No. 12 June 1957
De Garcia v. CA 37 SCRA 129 (1971
EDCA Publishing v. Santos 184 SCRA 614 (1990)
Aznar v. Yapdiangco 13 SCRA 486 (1965)
V. PRICE
MEANING OF PRICE – Arts. 1469 – 1474
REQUISITES FOR A VALID PRICE
1. Must be real – Arts. 1471
a. When price simulated
b. Effects when price simulated
c. False consideration – Art. 1353 and 1354, 1355
Mapalo v. Mapalo 17 SCRA 114 (1966)
Ong v. Ong 139 SCRA 133 (1985)
Bagnas v. CA 176 SCRA 159 (1989)
Morales v. CA 27 SCRA 484 (1969)
d. Non-payment of price
2. Must be in money or its equivalent – Arts. 1458, 1468
Republic v. Phil. Resources 102 Phil 960 (1958)
3. Must be certain or ascertainable at time of perfection – Arts. 1469
Toyota Shaw v. CA 244 SCRA 320 (1995)
HOW PRICE IS DETERMINED
1. By third person – Art. 1469
2. By the courts – Art. 1469
3. By reference to a definite day – Art. 1472
4. By reference to another thing certain
5. Never by one party – Arts. 1473, 1182
INADEQUACY OF PRICE – Arts. 1355, 1470
WHEN NO PRICE AGREED – Art. 1474
MANNER OF PAYMENT MUST BE AGREED UPON
Velasco v. CA 51 SCRA 439 (1973)
EARNEST MONEY V. OPTION MONEY – Art. 1482
Limson v. CA 357 SCRA 209 (2001)
San Miguel Properties v. Huang 336 SCRA 737 (2000)