SWU the structure and function of the skin, hair, and nails. If you have any colored pencil or paper, please bring them tomorrow.

CH. 13Personal Health Care

SWU the structure and function of the skin, hair, and nails.

If you have any colored pencil or paper, please bring them tomorrow

*Skin is the largest organ on the human body. *The skin consists of two main layers: the epidermis and the dermis.*Subcutaneous layer- a layer of fat and connective

tissue located beneath the dermis.

*Cells in the epidermis make lipids which makes your body waterproof.

• Dermis contains the sebaceous glands which helps skin from drying out.

• Sweat Glands are structures within the dermis that secrete perspiration through ducts

• Melanin is the pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes color.

SKIN---Structure

Your Skin

Epidermis

Dermis

SubcutaneousLayer

Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel

sensations.

Protection- Barrier to prevent bacteria and viruses from entering.

Temperature control- Skin dilates to allow heat to escape. Sensation- Major sense organ: Pressure, pain, heat, cold Immunity-macrophages destroy invading pathogens. Excretion- SWEAT is excess water and dissolved wastes. Vitamin D synthesis- makes VD when exposed to UV radiation

Interpersonal communication- Automatically expresses some emotions ( pale & blushing)

SKIN--- Function

Wash face 2 times a day Wash you body everyday AVOID touching your face with your hands Avoid allergic reactions. Eat plenty of vitamins & minerals:

◦ Vitamin A◦ Milk◦ Green and yellow vegetables◦ Liver

Keeping your Skin Healthy

Acne- clogged pores become infected and pus forms.

Warts are caused by viruses and can be spread through direct physical contact.

Boils form when hair follicles become infected. Do not burst or squeeze a boil.

Dermatitis, or eczema, is inflamed skin usually caused by an allergic reaction.

Vitiligo occurs when patches of skin lose melanin and have no pigment.

Skin Problems

Fungal infections are spread by contact with skin, clothing, or in public showers.

Moles are usually harmless, but they can develop into melanoma, which can be deadly.

Skin Problems

This is the MOST SERIOUS form of skin Cancer.

Tanned skin is a sign that skin has been damaged by UV rays. Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer.

Early detection and treatment are critical in controlling the spread of melanoma. Regularly checking the appearance of your moles is important for the early detection of melanoma.

Melanoma

ABCD’s of Melanoma

A B C D

AsymmetryBorder

IrregularityColor Diameter

Skin Problems

The ABCD’S of Melanoma

Asymmetry

Border Irregularity

Color

Diameter

An imaginary line drawn through the center of the mole does not produce matching halves.

Non-cancerous moles have smooth edges. Suspect moles often have irregular edges.

Look for moles that are intensely black, possibly with a bluish tint, or that have an uneven color.

Check for moles that are wider across than the width of a pea.

Hair structure- Dead cells. Living cells in the epidermis make new hairs and cause hair to grow.

Hair grows on every surface of the skin, except for the palms of the hand and the soles of the feet.

Hair follicles: Sacs or cavities that surround the roots of hairs.

Hair function- Protects the skin from UV light◦ Helps maintain body Heat

HAIR

Dandruff- Dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes.

Head lice- Tiny parasitic insects that live in scalp hair.

Hair Problems

Nail Structure- Your fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin.

Nail Function- help protect your fingers and toes.

Nails

Chapter 13- Keep these in your notes. Do not turn in!

Page 362: 1-5 ( Know what you are referring to)

Page 366: 2-5 ( Know what you are referring to)

Page 372: 1 & 3 ( Know what you are referring to)

Turn in Ch. 13 vocabulary

Lesson Assessments- Ch. 13

Parts of the toothThe periodontium supports the tooth and holds it in place. periodontium is made up of the gum,

ligaments, and the jawbone.

Three main parts to every toothCrown- visible portion of the toothNeck- between the crown and rootRoot- In the gum

Lesson 2 – Teeth and Mouth

Enamel- hard substance made of calcium.

Dentin- beneath enamel. It is a layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of a tooth.

Protected by the overlying layers of dentin and enamel, the pulp extends into the root canal.

Mastication- The process of chewing

Parts of a Tooth

Parts of a Tooth

Crown

Neck

Root

Parts of a Tooth

enamel

dentingum

gingivia

pulp cavity with nerves and vesselscementum

periodontal ligamentsperiodontal membrane

root canal

bone

Oral hygiene, which includes brushing and flossing your teeth, is necessary for healthy, clean teeth.

Tooth decay occurs when the enamel is destroyed and bacteria penetrate the tooth.

Plaque damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that normally protects the tooth from bacteria.

Keeping Teeth Healthy

Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy

If plaque builds up, acids produced by bacteria break down the tooth enamel, resulting in a cavity.  If decay spreads down to the pulp, the tooth may have to be removed.

Halitosis can be caused by eating certain foods, poor oral hygiene, smoking, bacteria on the tongue, decayed teeth, and gum disease.

Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is caused by bacterial infection.

*When plaque hardens, it builds up tartar, a hard, crustlike substance, and causes the gums to become irritated and swollen.  *This is called gingivitis. If left untreated, the bone and tissue that support the teeth are destroyed, and teeth can be lost.

Malocclusion- misalignment of teeth

Mouth Problems

Lesson 3- Your Eyes

Your eyes sit in bony sockets, called orbits, at the front of your skull.  A layer of fat cushions each eyeball inside its socket.

The lacrimal gland secretes tears into the eye through ducts.  Tears keep the surface of the eyeball moist and clear of foreign particles.

Parts of the Eye

sclera

choroid

vitrius humor

optic nerve

retina

corneairis

pupillensaqueoushumor

Rods are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in dim light.

Cones are light sensitive cells that allow us to see in bright light and in color .

The two main parts: Optic Nerve & Layers of the Eyeball

Lesson 3- Eyes

Parts of the EyeWords in black are definitions

Sclera

Cornea

Choroid

Iris

Pupil

Protects the inner eye and supports and shapes the eyeball WHITE PART

Bends and focuses light before it enters the lens

Lines the inside of the sclera

Contracts and dilates the pupil

Regulates the amount of light that reaches the inner eye

Parts of the Eye Words in black are definitions

Retina

Optic Nerve

Lens

Aqueous Humor

Vitreous Humor

Inner layer of the eye wall

Transmits nerve impulses to the brain

Helps refine the focus of images on the retina

Provides nutrients to the eye

Helps the eyeball stay firm and keeps the retina in place

Vision – 20/20

Nearsightedness,or Myopia

Farsightedness,or Hyperopia

Astigmatism

Strabismus

Detached Retina

The inability to see distant objects clearly

The inability see close objects clearly

Blurred vision

Eyes off-center, turned inward or outward

Blurred vision or bright flashes of light

Common Vision Disorders

Vision

Infections andViruses

Glaucoma

Cataracts

MacularDegeneration

Swelling, irritation, blurred vision, change in sclera color

Cloudy, impaired vision, can cause permanent damage

Foggy vision

Vision loss

Common Vision Problems

Laser treatment is the method for treating glaucoma

Tinnitus is a condition in which a person hears a ringing or buzzing in their ear, when there is no external sound.

Auditory Ossicles- three small bones linked together that connect the eardrum to the inner ear.

Three main parts: Outer, Middle, Inner. Labyrinth- Inner Ear A structure a part of the Outer Ear is the

Auricle

Ears

Functions: Hearing & Balance

Two Categories of Hearing Loss:◦ Conductive hearing loss occurs when sound is not conducted

efficiently through the outer earcanal to the eardrum and the tiny bones (ossicles) of the middle ear. Conductive hearing loss usually involves a reduction in sound level or the ability to hear faint sounds. This type of hearing loss can often be corrected medically or surgically.

◦ Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea), or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain. Most of the time, SNHL cannot be medically or surgically corrected. This is the most common type of permanent hearing loss. 

Functions & Problems of the Ear

Eyelid Lobule Stapes Retina Pinna Semicircular

Canals Iris Cochlear Nerve Incus Pupil Cochela Round Window Eyelid Malleus Vestibular nerve Cornea Tympanic membrane Lens External Ear Canal Eutachian Tube Optical Nerve Tympanic cavity

Can be used more than once

EYE & Ear Word Bank

Chapter 13. 23, & 25 Open note TEST Tuesday, November 18th. Students will need their Chapter 13 workbook pages & Notes, Skin Structure Foldable, Ear & Eye Worksheet, CDC Hunt, and Chapter 25 Vocabulary for the TEST.

Two objectives from this Unit. 50 questions. Multiple Choice, Matching, T&F Need your own paper and writing utensil . Complete work for another class or do extra

credit articles.

Ch. 13, 23, 25 TEST