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SwissFEL Design and Status HansH. Braun MiniWorkshop on Compact Xray Freeelectron Lasers Eastern Forum of Science and Technology Shanghai July 19, 2010
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SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or [email protected]. Thank you for your attention

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Page 1: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL Design and Status

Hans‐H. Braun

Mini‐Workshop on Compact X‐ray Free‐electron LasersEastern Forum of Science and Technology

Shanghai 

July 19, 2010

Page 2: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL key parametersWavelength range      1 Å ‐ 70 ÅPulse duration  1 fs ‐ 20 fse‐ Energy                      5.8 GeVe‐Bunch charge           10‐200 pCRepetition rate            100 Hz 

SwissFEL, the next large facility at PSI

Page 3: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Aramis: 1‐7 Å hard X‐ray SASE FEL, In‐vacuum , planar undulators with variable gap. 

Athos: 7‐70 Å soft X‐ray FEL for  SASE & Seeded operation . APPLE II undulators with variable gap and full polarization control.

D’Artagnan: FEL for wavelengths above Athos, seeded with an HHG source. Besides covering the longer wavelength range, the FEL is used as the initial stage of a High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) with Athos as the final radiator.

SwissFEL layout

715 mS‐band & X‐band C‐band C‐band C‐band

Page 4: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL Rational I

• Research capabilities of X‐ray FEL ideal complement for PSI’s existing synchrotron light source and spallation neutron source  research facilities

• European XFEL will not provide enough beam time for users in Europe

• Europe has with FLASH, FLASH II, FERMI@ELETTRA and maybe SPARX, NLSalready good coverage for soft X‐ray FEL’s 

hard X‐ray FEL⇒

Page 5: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL  Rational II

SwissFEL is build as a national facility in a small country 

Total cost have to fit in a limited financial frame

⎟⎟⎠

⎞⎜⎜⎝

⎛+=2

12

2

2

KU

γλλ

πλγε4

≈N

[ ]nCμm1 BN q≈ε

γ∝€N

• Lowest beam energy technically possible

• Small period undulators with low K values

• Low qB charge

• Normal conducting linac technology

Page 6: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL  Rational III

We want to build 1st phase of SwissFEL  2012‐2015

⇒ Robust baseline design with components based on proven technologies.

⇒ Scientific focus rather on good time resolution than on photon hungry experiments  

Site constraints

• Power consumption < 5 MW

• Overall length < 900m

γBBphoton nqN && ∝

Page 7: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL Science Case

Magnetism:materials and processes for tomorrow‘s information technology

Catalysis and solution chemistry: for a clean environment and a sustainable energy supply

Coherent diffraction: flash photography of matter

Biochemistry:shedding light on the prpcesses of life

Correlated electrons:the fascination of new materials

PDF of science report athttp://fel.web.psi.ch/

Page 8: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

ProjectStart of operation

Beam energy

λmin

GeV Å

LCLS, USAApril 10 2009 !

13.6 1.5

SCSS, Japan 2011 8 1.0

European X –FEL, Hamburg 2014 17.5 1.0

SwissFEL 2016 5.8 1.0

SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects

Observations

SwissFEL is not a direct descendant of a Linear collider project

SwissFEL has lowest beam energy

Advantages:  Compact and affordable on national scaleChallenges :  More stringent requirements for beam quality, 

mechanical and electronic tolerances 

Page 9: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL parameters e‐beam

 

Design Parameters nominal operation 

modes upgrade 

operation mode 

long pulse 

short pulse 

ultra‐short pulse

single bunch charge (pC)  200  10  10 

beam energy for 1 Å (GeV)  5.8  5.8  5.8 

core slice emittance (mm.mrad)  0.43  0.18  0.25 

projected emittance (mm.mrad)  0.65  0.25  0.45 

rms slice energy spread (keV)  350  250  1000 

Relative energy spread (%)  0.006  0.004  0.02 

peak current at undulator (kA)  2.7  0.7  7 

bunch length rms (fs)  30  6  0.6 

bunch compression factor  125  240  2400 

repetition rate (Hz)  100  100  100 

number of bunches / pulse  2  2  2 

bunch spacing (ns)  50  50  50 

Page 10: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL parameters photonbeam

 

 FEL parameters ARAMIS   (for 5.8GeV operation)  

nominal operation mode 

upgrade operation mode 

long pulse 

short pulse 

ultra‐short pulse 

undulator Period (mm)  15  15  15 

undulator Parameter   1.2  1.2  1.2 

energy Spread (keV)  350  250  1000 

laser Wavelength  (Å)   1  1  1 

maximum saturation length (m)  50  50  50 

saturation Pulse Energy (µJ)  60  3  6 

effective Saturation Power (GW)  2  0.6  11 

rms photon pulse length at 1 Å (fs)  13  2.1  0.3 

number of photon at 1 Å (×109)  31  1.7  3.2 

bandwidth (%)  0.03  0.04  0.05 

peak brightness  (# photons∙mm‐2∙mrad‐2∙s‐1/0.1% bandwidth)

3∙1032  1∙1032  1.3∙1033 

average brightness (# photons∙mm‐2∙mrad‐2∙s‐1/0.1% bandwidth)

1∙1021  5.7∙1018  7.5∙1018 

Page 11: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

time28 ns

Aramis Athos

10 ms / 100 Hz

• Fast extraction at 3.4 GeV allows  to serve 2 undulator lines simultaneously at full repetition rate

Time structure

Microbunches

28 ns

Page 12: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Exp3

Exp2

Exp1

Exp2

Exp1

Exp3

Exp2

Laser pump

THz pump

Seed laser

Gun laserARAMIS FEL 1-7 Å

ATHOS FEL 7‐70 Å

2.1 GeV 3.4 GeV 5.8 GeV

Exp1

Laser pump

Gun laserARAMIS FEL 1-7 Å2.1 GeV 3.4 GeV 5.8 GeV

2018  SwissFEL Phase IISoft X‐ray FEL

2016 SwissFEL Phase IAccelerator and hard X ray FEL

Exp3

2014 Building completed

Gun laser

2010   250 MeV Injector facility

SwissFEL Milestones 

Page 13: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL Schedule 

Page 14: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

713m

SwissFEL preparatory R&D, I

Test of overall system performance in SwissFEL 250 MeV Injector

Page 15: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL 250 MeV Injector Test Facility

Beam got here

Page 16: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

First Beam from RF Gun SwissFEL Injector

March 12, 2010, ~12h10

Faraday cup signal

Beam

Dark current

YAG screen image

≈ 100 pC

Page 17: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention
Page 18: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

goal: εN<0.4μm for Q=200pC

Page 19: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

First measurement of RF gun rms phase and amplitude jitter 

(each pointed is rms measured for 40 RF pulses)

0.020

maximum phase jitter

0.019%

maximumpower‐ampl. jitter

Page 20: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Pumping‐T

Tuner

Vacuum gauge

Faraday‐Cup

Initial RF gun used for 250 MeV will be the CTF gun 5 (designed by M. Dehler and R. Bossart at CERN in the early nineties) – designed to operate under heavy beam‐loading conditions

Water connectors

Pickup (one per cell)

Page 21: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

New SwissFEL gun for test in 250 MeV injector 2012 

Page 22: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Wave guideTE10 mode

TM01 mode TM01 mode

Matching cells

Electric short on one side

Axial signal output wave guides

X‐band harmonic cavity

Collaboration between PSI - CERN - FERMI @ ELETTRAKlystron from SLAC

Frequency (MHz) 11991.65

Number of cells 72

Cell phase advance 5/6π

Iris aperture range (mm) 4.993 - 4.107

Active length (m) 0.75

Nominal decelerating voltage (MV) 29

Mode launcher (coupler)

HFFS simulated fields

Cell 36 and 63 equipped with WG couplers for dipole mode monitoring

PSI: Cell procurementsCERN: Assembly brazingELETTRA: Wake analysis & supportAll: tuning & RF LLE analysis

Page 23: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

3000

2000

1000

pow

er d

ensi

ty [a

rb.u

nits

]

290285280275270265260255wavelength [nm]

4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3photon energy [eV]

laser tuning rangeΔE=330 meV

Ti:sa oscillator

boosteramplifier stretcher

regenerative amplifier+ Mazzler

power amplifierdual stage

770 – 840 nm, up to 17 mJ 20-100 fs, ≥0.37% rms

5 nJ83.275 MHz

a few µJ 83.275 MHz ≈300 µJ

IRDazzler

SHGTHG

compressor

Wavelength tunable gun laser system

up to 25 mJ

262 – 283 nm, up to 900 µJ100 fs, ≥ 0.7% rms

BBO,type IBBO,type I

Page 24: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Intrinsic Emittance versus Laser Wavelength

Φliterature ~ ΦFitted + 0.3eV

Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 234802 (2010)

Page 25: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

713m

SwissFEL preparatory R&D, II

Linear accelerator 

Page 26: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Linac Cost vs. gradient 

S‐band with 45 MW klystronS‐band with 80MW klystron

and C‐band with 50 MW klystron 

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 600

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Gradient MV/m

Cos

t

S45 totalS80 totalC50 totalS45 invest.S80 invest.C50 invest.S45 10y elec.S80 10y elec.C50 10y elec

Main advantage of C‐band are savings in electricity consumption

Page 27: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Active length S‐band acceleration 24 m

Active length C‐band acceleration 208 m

ARAMIS string of undulators 60 m

Other beam line elements 273 m

Photon beam transport  100 m

Experiment halls  50 m

Total facility length  715 m

⇒ No strong motivation for very high gradients

⇒ C‐band instead of S‐band is motivated by power consumption and number of RF stations !

Linear space requirements

Page 28: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

For RF strucutres, 2 m each  (5712 MHZ, 26 MV/m)Energy gain per module: 208 MeV

≈10 m

C‐band‐ Klystron5.7 GHz, 50 MW, 2.5 μs, 100 Hz

120 MW0.5 μs

40 MW2.5 μs

30 MW30 MW

3 dB

3 dB3 dB

30 MW30 MW

SwissFEL Linac Module

SLED RF Pulse Kompressor

27 x

New high power teststand for linac module in prepration.Procurement of C‐band klystron in progress

Page 29: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Provisional reinforcementmodulator support (installed January 13)

Oil recovery tank acting as support

Klystron modulator unit

Solid state modulators tests in 250 MeV injector

Page 30: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

C‐band pulse compression with BOC

CERN BOC (3 GHz)

Ø = 475 mm

Operating mode: E18,1,1

Q: 220000

Coupling: 11

BOC=Barrel Open Cavity

Page 31: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Main linac C‐band RF structures

PSI designs, builds and test 80cm prototype.Milestone: Complete first power test before end 2011.

Based on this experience design and procurementstrategy will be defined.

More in Hanruedi’s talk  

Page 32: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL Frequencies in MHz

„European“ „American „ fb=142.8

Injector

S-Band 2997.912most parts already

delivered

2856 2998.8 (21xfb)

X-Band(4 x S-band)

11991.648most parts on order,

could still be changed

11424 11995.2 (84xfb)

Main linac C-Band(2 x S-band ?)

5998.524requires development of

klystron with PSI presently the only

customer

5712klystron available

almost “off the shelf”

Spring8, KEK, LNF are already customers

5712 (40xfb)

SwissFEL frequencies

Common subharmonic 142.8MHz, mimimum bunch spacing 7 ns

Page 33: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

713m

SwissFEL preparatoy R&D, III

Undulatoren

Page 34: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Undulator Strategy

hard x-ray:

small periodsmall gapin-vacuum undulatorshigh harmonics

soft x-ray:

variable polarizationcircular and inclinedAPPLE IIstandard, fixed gap

SPring-8 BESSY

U15, gap > 4mm, length 4m UE40, gap 6.5mm, length 4m

Undulator Strategy for SwissFEL

Continuous development from SLS ID’s

Page 35: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

U15 Conceptual design

Undulator Development

⇒Thomas’s presentation 

Page 36: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL Building Layout

715m

Page 37: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

3500 mm4000 mm

4500 mm

9600 mm

Linac cross section

Page 38: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL site and situation

Page 39: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

e- gun

Injector98 m

Linac 1112 m

Linac 2110 m

Linac 3108 m

ARAMIS Collimator (51 m)

ARAMIS Undulators97 m

ATHOS Undulators

ATHOS Experiments

ARAMIS Experiments

1 RF Module

Loading Zone

Page 40: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Power consumption

Page 41: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

SwissFEL CDR

Official publication 24 August 2010for Inauguration ceremony of 250 MeV Injector

Draft available from [email protected] [email protected]

Page 42: SwissFEL ShanghaiCompactXFEL WS100719 - … · SwissFEL in comparison with the other hard X‐ray FEL projects Observations SwissFEL ... or Hans.Braun@psi.ch. Thank you for your attention

Thank you for your attention !