SWAMI VIVEKANAND UNIVERSITY, SIRONJA, SAGAR (M.P.)jeeya.edu.in/Syllabus/Dip Ptc-3,4.pdf · SWAMI VIVEKANAND UNIVERSITY, SIRONJA, SAGAR (M.P.) SYLLABUS For Diploma In Petrochemical

SWAMI VIVEKANAND UNIVERSITY, SIRONJA,SAGAR (M.P.)

SYLLABUS

For

Diploma In Petrochemical Engineering

Swami Vivekanand University, Sironja Sagar2013-2014

Diploma ProgrammePETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

DIPLOMA IN PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCHEME:

SEM

SNo Course Code Subject Name Total

III

1 301 Petroleum Refining 1002 302 Mechanical Engineering 1003 303 Electrical & Electronics Engineering 1004 304 English Communication Practical 1005 305 Mechanical Engineering Lab* 100

6 306 Electrical & Electronics Engineering Lab 100

IV

1 401 Petrochemical Technology 1002 402 Fluid Mechanics 1003 403 Refinery Mass Transfer 1004 404 Distillate Testing Lab 1005 405 Mass Transfer Lab 1006 405 Fluid Mechanics Lab 100

SEMESTER III

301 PETROLEUM REFINING

Topics and Allocation

UNIT TOPIC

I ORIGIN, FORMATION & COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM

II PETROLEUM PROCESSING

III FRACTIONATION OF PETROLEUM

IV TREATMENT TECHNIQUES OF MIDDLE LUBE & RESIDUE

V THERMAL AND CATALYTIC PROCESSES

Objectives

On completion of the units of syllabus the students will have a sound knowledge about thefollowing:Unit I

- Occurrence and composition.- Physical properties of Paraffins, Naphthalene and Aromatics.- Formation of Traps.- Exploration of Petroleum.

Unit II- Evaluation of Petroleum.- Testing methods of Distillates, to meet the specification.- TBP test for crude, which enables to design the distillation column.- ASTM distillation test to know the individual characteristics of a distillate.

Unit III- Desalting and Dehydration of crude.- Fractionation of Petroleum which includes two stage distillations with stabilizers. Treatment

Process carried out in Refinery to meet out the specification for LPG and Gasoline.- Blending to improve the quality and increase the quantity.

Unit IV

- Treatment process for kerosene, Lube oil & Wax.- The important catalyst and process description of treatment processes.- The selection of solvent for Extraction process.

Unit V- Cracking and its importance.- Thermal and Catalytic cracking of heavier ends to get valuable lighter ends.- Reforming process to increase the Octane number of distillates.- Process followed for the Optimization of distillates.-

DETAILED SYLLABUS301 PETROLEUM REFINING

UNIT I: ORIGIN, FORMATION & COMPOSITION OF PETROLEUM

Introduction, Occurrence of Petroleum by Biological method - Composition of Petroleum, Properties of-Paraffins, Olefins, Naphthalene, Aromatics and Inorganic impurities (sulphur, nitrogen, chlorine)Exploration of Petroleum by Gravity, Magnetic and Seismic Method - Refineries & its capacity in India

UNIT II: EVALUATION OF PROPERTIES

Evaluation of Petroleum, U.O.P Characterization factor, Correlation Index - TBP Apparatus and itsnecessity in Refinery - Testing methods and its importance – ASTM Distillation, Reid vapor pressure,Oxidation stability, Smoke Point, Aniline Point - Carbon residue by Rams bottom method, CopperCorrosion test and Softening point Test - Refinery Products and its uses - Definition of- Heat ofCombustion, Specific heat, Latent Heat of fusion, Latent heat of Vaporization, Viscosity index.

UNIT III: FRACTIONATION OF PETROLEUM

Dehydration and Desalting of crude by settling and electric Desalting method, Two-stage Distillationunit with stabilizer - Blending – Batch Blending, Line Blending, Gasoline Blending, Fuel oil Blending -Impurities, Mechanical Impurities, Chemical Impurities - Overhead Corrosion in Distillation unit. -Concept of flow diagram, Schematic representation and symbols used in relevant process equipment,Unit Operations, Unit Process, P & I diagram, Process Intensification - Flow diagram and Processdescription of Amine Treatment for LPG, Merox Treatment Process.

UNIT IV: TREATMENT TECHNIQUES OF MIDDLE LUBE & RESIDUEFlow diagram and Process description of: Hydrodesulphurization Process, Hydro fining Process -Phenol Extraction of Lubes, Furfural Extraction - Chilling, Pressing and separation of wax bysweating, MEK dewaxing, Propane deasphalting - Alkylation - Sulphuric acid and HF acid Treatment,Isomerization - Aluminium Chloride Process.

UNIT V: THERMAL AND CATALYTICAL PROCESSES

Catalytic Reforming – Definition and necessity, Reaction Condition, Catalysts, Feed Stock selection,Flow diagram and Process description of: Visbreaking, Dubbs Two coil Cracking Process - Houdryfixed bed process, Fluid Catalytic Cracking, Catalytic Reforming - Coking definition, Delayed cokingoperation, Decoking, Isomax Hydro Cracking.

TEXT BOOK

1. B.K. Bhaskara Rao “Modern Petroleum Refining Process” 4th Edition, OXFORD & IBH

Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,

2. Dr. B.K. Bhaskara Rao “A Text on Petro Chemicals” 1st Edition, Khanna Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. W.L Nelson “Petroleum Refinery Engineering”, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill.2. G.D.Hobson and W.Rohl, Modern Petroleum Technology, Applied Science.

302 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Topics and allocation:UNIT TOPIC

I STRENGTH OF MATERIALSII POWER TRANSMISSION & INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINESIII THERMAL ENGINEERING – IIV REFRIGERATION AND AIR-CONDITIONINGV ENERGY ENGINEERING

Objectives:

On completion of the units of syllabus contents the students must be able to know about

Various properties of materials which are commonly used in the Chemical and PlasticIndustries and its strength.

Using the various metals according to the requirements.Transmitting motion from one shaft to another shaft by using various methods like chain,gears and belt.Alternative sources of power development by using Internal Combustion Engines (i.e.Developing Rotary Motion by using I.C. Engines and the same may be transmitted to itsprime-movers)

Heat energy and generating of steam by using boilers.Function of boilers, control devices, safety devices of boilers.

Using the steam running the turbine which will be coupled with turbine for powergeneration.Room temperature control, to maintain the liquid temperature for processing thechemicals and fluids.

Various methods of air-conditioning and refrigeration system.Different sources of energy, conventional and non-conventional.Various properties of fuels and its classification.

Various types of fuels available and uses of these fuels in Process Industries.

DETAILED SYLLABUS302 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT I: STRENGTH OF MATERIALS

Simple stresses and strains – types of stresses – tensile and compressive stresses –Elasticity – Elastic limit – Hook’s law – Modulus of elasticity, Linear and lateral strains – Poisson’sratio – Factor of safety – volumetric strain – bulk modulus – shear stresses – shear modulus –Young’s modulus – Design stress, Yield stress, Ultimate stress, breaking stress – simple problems.

Shearing force and bending moment – Torque – angle of twist – power – definitions only –thermal stresses.

UNIT II: POWER TRANSMISSION & INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

Power transmission – friction – types of friction – friction between lubricated and non-lubricated surfaces – belt drives – Advantages and disadvantages – tension and slip of the belt –Power transmitted by a belt – Chain drives – types – Advantages and limitations – gear drives – typesof gears – Advantages and limitations - pinion and rack – simple gear Trains types – simple problemsin belt drives.

Internal combustion engines – Classification of IC engine – IC engine parts – cylinder -cylinder head – piston – piston rings – connecting rod – crank shaft – fly wheel – function of acarburettor – function of an injector – working principle of an IC engine – use of IC engine in processindustry.

UNIT III: THERMAL ENGINEERING – I

Formation of steam at constant pressure – condition of steam – wet steam, Dry saturatedsteam and superheated steam – Specific volume.

Steam boilers – classification of boilers – working principle of a simple vertical boiler– Boiler mountings and accessories – water level indicator – pressure gauge – steam stop valve –safety valve – boiler accessories – economiser – Air pre-heater – super-heater.

Steam turbines – Classification – Working principle of Impulse turbine and itsapplications.

UNIT IV: REFRIGERATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING

Refrigeration – Principles of refrigeration – definition of the basic terms – Ton of refrigeration– co-efficient of performance – refrigerating effect – Power.

Refrigerant – Desirable properties – Important refrigerants – selection.

Refrigeration cycles – vapour compression and vapour – absorption cycles – comparison –application of refrigeration in process industries – simple problems in c.o.p., tonnage etc.

Air conditioning – Typical air conditioning systems – Principal parts – working principle – usesof air conditioning in process industry.

UNIT V: ENERGY ENGINEERING

Different types of energy sources – conventional and non-conventional energy sources ( Briefdiscussion only )

Classification of fuels – solids, liquids and gaseous fuels.

Types of coals – Proximate and ultimate analysis of coal – washing and storage of coal –burning of coal.

Liquid fuels – Petrol , Diesel , Kerosene and fuel oil – Liquefied gases – important propertiesof liquid fuels – Octane number – cetane number – flash point – fire point – cloud point , pour point ,sp. gravity , calorific value , freezing point and viscosity – Bomb Calorimeters .

Text Books:

1. R.S.Khurmi & J.K.Guta - Theory of Machines – Eurasia Publishing House 1986

2. R.S.Khurmi - Mechanical Technology– S.Chand & Co., 1988

3. O.P.Gupta, “ Elements of fuels , furnaces andRefractories “ Pergaunon press, Khanna

Publishers, Delhi – 1 – 1991

4. J.D.Girchrist , “ Fuels , Furnaces and Refractories “ Pergaunon Press, Oxford – 1977

Reference Books:

1. N.Rangasamy & Sundaramoorthy – Heat Power Engineering – I - Narayana Publications -

1985

2. N. Rangasamy & E.Sundaramoorthy - Heat Power Engineering – II - Narayana Publications –

1989

3. R.S.Khurmi - Applied Mechanics & Strength of Materials– NIRJA Constructions and

Development Co. Ltd., - 1986

4. S.Sudarsanam - Engineering Mechanics – Anandu Publishers – 1985

5. R.S.Khurmi - A Text book of Engineering Thermodynamics– S.Chand and Co.Ltd. - 1986

6. M.L.Matur and F.S.Methur and F.S.Mehta - Thermal Engineering – Vol.II – S.I. Units

– Jain Brothers ( New Delhi ) – 1992

7. Robert H.Perry & Don W.Green , “ Perry’s Chemical Engineer’s Handbook “ Seventh Edition ,

McGraw Hill Book Co., 1997

303 ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Topics and Allocation:UNIT TOPIC

I BASICS OF DC AND AC CIRCUITSII DC MACHINES AND TRANSFORMERIII AC MACHINESIV ELECTRONIC DEVICESV INSTRUMENTATION

Objectives:

On Completion of the units of syllabus contents the students must be able to understandFundamental concepts of DC and AC electric circuits.Basic power system structure

Solution of DC series and parallel circuitsFundamentals of magnetic circuits, Electromagnetic Induction.

The construction, working principle and applications of simple DC Generator, DC Motorand Transformer

The concept of three phase AC system, Rotating Magnetic Field.The construction, working principle and applications of various AC Machines used InChemical Industries such as three phase Induction Motor, Alternator, Synchronous Motorand Single Phase Induction Motors.Basic concept behind the electron devices such as Diodes, Transistors andThyristors.Basics of digital electronics - Logic GatesBasics of Microprocessors

Basics of TransducersConstruction, working and application of measuring devices like ammeter, voltmeter,wattmeter and energy meter and megger.

Construction of analog measuring instrument like CRO.Basic Concept behind the Programmable Logic Controllers.

DETAILED SYLLABUS

303 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

UNIT I: BASICS OF D.C AND A.C CIRCUITS

Definitions – Voltage, Current, Resistance, Power, Energy and their units. Equivalent resistance ofSeries, parallel and Series Parallel circuits (Derivation)- simple Problems. Basic Laws: Ohms Law,Kirchoffs laws (Statement & Explanation)A.C Circuits –Definition of Inductance, Capacitance, Reactance and Impedance - Basic concept ofRL, RC, RLC series circuit.(only theory) .Basic Structure of Power Generation, Transmission and Distribution System (elementary treatmentonly)

UNIT II: DC MACHINES AND TRANSFORMERS

Magnetic Circuits: Definition of MMF, Flux, Reluctance, Permeability and Flux density and theirunits. Faradays Laws of Electromagnetic induction, Flemming’s Left hand and Right hand ruleDc generator: Parts and Functions of Generator- Working- Types – Applications.Dc motor: Principle of Working- Back EMF- Types- Uses. Starters- Necessity - Construction andWorking of Three Point Starter.Transformer: Principle of Working- Construction of Core and Shell type- Transformation Ratio- - Starand Delta types of interconnection in three phase transformer (only illustration)– Uses – Auto Transformer

UNIT III: AC MACHINES

Three phase system: Generation of Three Phase Voltages.Three Phase Alternator: Principle of Working – Construction of Salient and Non Salient Pole Rotors-Speed and Frequency relation.Synchronous Motor: Principle of Working – Synchronous speed – Starting -Uses.Three Phase Induction Motor: Principle of Working-Types of Rotors- Slip Ring and Squirrel cage -Slip- Comparison of Slip Ring and Squirrel cage motors- Uses.Single Phase Induction Motor: Construction, Working and Uses of Split Phase Induction Motor-Capacitor Start and Induction Run Motor - Universal Motor.

UNIT IV: ELECRONIC DEVICES

Basic Devices: PN Junction Diode- Construction and Working – Half Wave- Full Wave centretapped- Bridge Rectifier. Transistor- PNP –NPN – Construction and Working of Amplifier (CommonBase using NPN Transistor)Thyristors: Construction and Working of SCR- Characteristics.Logic gates: Symbol, Truth table and Boolean Expression of AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR gates.Microprocessor: Define Microprocessor- Block Diagram with pin details- Uses.

UNITV: INSTRUMENTATION

Transducers: Thermostat – Construction and Working- Uses. Photo Diode- Construction andWorking- Uses.Instruments: Moving Iron Instrument- Construction and Working of Attraction and Repulsion type.Moving Coil Instrument- Construction and Working of PMMC meter – Dynamometer

type Wattmeter – Induction type Energy meter - Construction and Working of Megger and it’s uses.Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block Diagram and Working of CRO – Diagram of CRT with names ofparts-UsesProgrammable Logic Controllers: Definition- Block Diagram- Applications.

Text Books:

1. A Text Book on Electrical Technology by B.L.Theraja- S. Chand & Co

2. Electronic Devices by V.K.Metha- S. Chand & Co

Reference Books:1. Electronic Instrumentation by H.S. Kalsi - Mc Graw Hill2. Process Control Instrumentation Technology by Curtis D. Johnson- John Wiley& Sons, Inc3. Introduction to Microprocessor by Aditya P. Mathur- Tata Mc Graw Hill.

304 ENGLISH COMMUNICATION PRACTICAL

The course on English Communication Practical will enable the learners develop their

Communication skills in English, especially at a time when the Info-Tech Explosion on one side and

the search for Communicational Exploration on the other have been taking the contemporary world by

leaps and bounds.

Keeping in view the career requirements of the students at Diploma level, the course on

English Communication Practical has been designed in such a way that it will enable the learners

acquire the much needed proficiency in the art of Communication and this will go a long way in

shaping and fine tuning the future career of the students.

Objectives:

To equip the learners with effective speaking and listening skills in English

1. To make them realize the communication potential of English language

2. To infuse in their minds the much-needed and all the more important ‘CONFIDENCE’

3. To facilitate them to acquire a fairly acceptable skill in pronunciation

4. To train them to use language effectively to face interviews, group discussions and public

speaking

5. To enable them to prepare their resume, curriculum vitae etc.,

6. To promote ethical values and inculcate organizational behaviour…

For achieving the objectives identified above, the following skills are to be developed to enhance

the communicative potential of the students.

The Skills are:

I. Listening

II. Reading and Pronunciation

III. Speaking and Presentation

IV. Writing

305 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABObjectives:

The main objective in this programme is to train each student to get personal experience and

confident in conducting various tests by using various testing machines.This programme helps the

students to find out various behaviour and properties of materials, chemicals and oils. Also studying

generation of steam by using boilers and its safety devices.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1) Viscosity Determination using REDWOOD Viscometer

2) Viscosity Determination using SAYBOLT Viscometer

3) Calorific Value Determination using Bomb Calorimeter

4) Tensile Stress Testing of Plastic Materials

5) Refrigeration kit, COP Determination

6) Hardness Test (mild steel or plastic materials)

7) Bulk Density Determination

8) Study of Boilers

9) Determination of Flash and Fire point of the given oils by open cup method

10) Determination of Cloud point and Pour point

306 ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS LABORATORYObjective:

After completion of this Laboratory, the students will be able

To handle and use the Electrical apparatuses like multi meter, ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter,

energy meter and megger.

To understand the operation of electric motor, transformer and electric motor starters. To

know about the behavior of basic electric circuits like DC series and parallel

circuits.

To know about the characteristics of simple electronic devices like diode and transistor and

transducers like photodiode and thermostat.

To understand the functioning and use of basic electronic circuits like rectifier and amplifier.

To understand the functioning of CRO and microprocessor.

List of experiments:

Electrical Engineering

1. Determination of Unknown Resistance by ohms law.

2. Energy measurement in a single phase circuit using Lamp load.

3. Power measurement in a single phase circuit.

4. Load test on a single phase transformer.

5. Load test on a single phase induction Motor.

6. Verification of Series and parallel circuit.

7. Study of DC and AC machine Starters.

Electronics Engineering

1. Characteristics of PN Junction Diode.

2. Characteristics of Transistor.

3. Construction of Bridge Rectifier.4. Verification of Logic Gates.

5. Characteristics of Photo Diode and Thermistor.

6. Measurement using CRO and Megger.

7. Study of Microprocessor.

Note: Any 6 Experiments from Electrical and 6 from Electronics can be completed.

SEMESTER IV

401 PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

Topics and Allocation

UNIT TopicI C1 CompoundsII C2 CompoundsIII C3 CompoundsIV C4 CompoundsV Aromatics

Objectives:

On completion of the units of the syllabus the students must be able to know about:

Unit I- The manufacturing process, Physical properties and uses from C1 compounds- Chemicals like methanol, Chloromethane

Unit II- The manufacturing process, Physical properties and uses from C2 compounds- Ethylene, acetylene, Ethylene Oxide, Ethanol amines.

Unit III- Manufacturing process, Physical properties and uses from C3 compounds- Isopropanol, Acrylonitrile, Isoprene.

Unit IV- To know the manufacturing process, Physical properties and uses of C4 compounds- Butadiene from various compounds.

Unit V- To know the manufacturing process, Physical properties and uses of Aromatic compounds- To know about Benzene, Phenol, Styrene, Phthalic anhydride.

DETAILED SYLLABUS

401 PETROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

UNIT I: C1 COMPOUNDSProcess Description, flow diagram, Physical Properties and uses of -Methanol via synthesis gas route,Formaldehyde from methanol,Chloromethane by direct chlorination of methane,Trichloroethylene Perchloroethyene by Pyrolysis of carbon tetrachloride.

UNIT II: C2 COMPOUNDSProcess Description, flow diagram, Physical Properties and uses of -Ethylene and acetylene Production by steam cracking of hydrocarbons,Ethylene dichloride,Vinyl Chloride Via ethylene dichloride pyrolysis,Ethylene oxide by oxidation of ethylene,Ethanol amines from ethylene oxide and Ammonia

UNIT III: C3 COMPOUNDSProcess Description, flow diagram, Physical Properties and uses of -Isopropanol by hydration of propylene,Acetone by dehydrogenation of Isopropanol,Acrylonitrile from Propylene Ammonia Oxidation,Isoprene from propylene dimmer,Propylene Oxide via Chlorohydrin

UNIT IV: C4 COMPOUNDS

Process Description, flow diagram, Physical Properties and uses of -Butadiene from Dehydrogenation of butane,Butadiene by Oxydehydrogenation,Butadiene from ethanol,Butadiene from steam cracking of hydrocarbons

UNIT V: AROMATICSProcess Description, flow diagram, Physical Properties and uses of -Benzene from Alkyl Aromatics,Phenol by Cumene Process,Phenol from toluene Oxidation,Styrene from benzene and ethylene,Phthalic anhydride by Oxidation of Naphthalene

TEXT BOOK1. Dryden’s Outlines of Chemical Technology Edited & Reprinted by M. Gopala Rao, Marshall

Sittig, 2nd Edition2. Dr. B.K.Bhaskara rao“A Text on Petro Chemicals” 1st Edition, Khanna Publishers.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Austin, G.T., Shreve’s Chemical Process Industries, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill.2. Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Edition, 1993, Wiley – Inter Science

Publication, John Wiley & Sons, New York.

402 FLUID MECHANICS

Topics and Allocation

UNIT TOPICI FUNDAMENTAL OF FLUID MECHANICSII FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDSIII PIPES AND PIPING SYSTEMSIV TRANSPORTATION OF FLUIDSV RHEOLOGY OF NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS

Objectives:

On Completion of the units of syllabus contents the students must be able to know aboutUnit I

The basic properties of fluids.Characteristics of the fluid and static and dynamic conditionReynold number and its use.

Concepts of boundary layer formation and separation.Bernoulli’s equation and its application in fluid flow

Unit IIThe principles behind flow of Newtonian fluid through circular pipes under steady statesDistinction between laminar flow and turbulent flow.Different types of friction occurring due fluid flow.

Friction factor chart and its use.Characteristics of fluid flowing past in immersed bodies.

Unit IIIPipes and pipe standards.Different types of pipe fittings and their specific use.

Circular and noncircular flow ducts and use of equivalent diameter.Different types of pipe supports, valves and its specific use.

Unit IVDifferent types of pumps used for transportation of liquids. Theirmethod of construction and working principle.

Their specific fields of application.Performance characteristics of centrifugal and reciprocating pumps Method generating vacuum.Unit V

Fans, Blowers and compressors and their types.Their method of construction and working principle.

Different types of non-newtonian fluids and their rheological behaviourPrinciples of two phase flow.Surface tension its importance and its measurement

.DETAILED SYLLABUS

402 FLUID MECHANICS

UNIT I: FUNDAMENTAL OF FLUID MECHANICS

Definition of Fluids- Compressible and incompressible Fluids- Physical properties of fluids-density,viscosity- equations.Fluid static- pressure concept- hydrostatic equilibrium- manometers- U-tube manometer - - InvertedU-tube manometer- well-type manometer –inclined tube manometer –gravity decanter and centrifugaldecanter- simple problems in manometers.Fluid-flow phenomena- potential flow & frictional flow- laminar flow and turbulent flow-shear stress and shear field –Reynolds number – Newtonian and non-newtonian fluids-concept ofboundary layer.Basic equations of fluid flow – continuity equation- Bernoulli’s equation- simple problems in Reynoldsnumber, continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation.

UNIT II: FLOW OF INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUIDS

Flow of incompressible fluids in pipes – boundary layer formation in pipes- friction factor-relationshipbetween skin friction and friction factor- laminar flow of Newtonian fluids in pipes– statement of equations for point velocity and average velocity- Hagen- Poiseulle equation-turbulentflow of Newtonian fluids in pipes –friction- factor chart- flow through non circular ducts- equivalentlength concept- basic principles in flow of compressible fluids.Flow of past immersed bodies – drag co-efficient – flow through packed bed- motion of solid in fluid-fluidization – conveying of solids by fluids – principles- simple problems in head loss, pressure drop,Hagen-Poiseulle equation, etc.

UNIT III: PIPES AND PIPING SYSTEMS

Pipes and tubes- metal and non metal pipes-lined pipes- steel pipe standards-pipe fittings-gasketsand jointing-welded threaded flanged and powered joints.Valves- globe, gate valve, safety valve, check valve and pressure relief valve- economic pipediameter.Pipe hangers and supports – thermal insulation of pipes piping layout –methods of pipe fabricationand testing.

UNIT IV: TRANSPORTATION OF LIQUIDS

Equipments for liquid transport- pumps classification- capacity – head- power efficiency-specificspeed- types of pumps – kinematics pumps (centrifugal) – principle and operation of centrifugal pump– coupled and frame mounted type single stage and multi stage pumps – positive displacementpumps – reciprocating and rotary pump.Pumps for special applications – such as corrosive, toxic and slurry applications-problems in pumpslike priming cavitation, NPSH- simple numerical problem for horse power determination- gas handlingequipments – Rotary pumps, Vacuum pumps and ejectors.UNIT V : TRANSPORTATION OF GASES AND RHEOLOGY OF NON- NEWTONIAN FLUIDSFans –axial flow fans.Blowers- rotary and centrifugal blowers.Compressors- reciprocating, centrifugal and axial.Type of non-Newtonian fluids such as pseudoplastic, dilatants, thixotropic, rheopectic & visco elasticfluids.Non-newtonian fluids flow in circular pipes.Turbulent flow of non-newtonian fluids- surface tension,surface energy- measurement of surface tensionTwo phase flow- gas liquid flow in vertical and upward direction -horizontal gas liquid flow – two phaseflow with boiling.

Text Books:

1. Polymer Science by V.R.Gowarikar, N.V.Viswanathan & Jayadev Sridhar, Wiley Eastern Ltd.,1986.

2. Text Book of Polymer Science by Fred W.Billmeyer - Wiley Interscience - 1971.

Reference Books:

1. Fundamentals of Polymer Science - Anilkumar & S.K.Gupta - Tata McGraw HillPub.Co. 1978.

2. Introduction to Polymer Science and Technology by Herman S.Haufman andJoseph J.Falcetta - Wiley InterScience Pub. 1977.

403 REFINERY MASS TRANSFER

Topics and AllocationUNIT Topic

I DISTILLATIONII DISTILLATION EQUIPMENTSIII EXTRACTIONIV ABSORPTION AND ADSORPTIONV CRYSTALLIZATION

Objectives:On completion of the units of syllabus the students must be able to know about:

Unit I- Distillation of binary mixture- Vapour and Liquid behaviour in an Ideal plate- Overall Material balance of binary mixture in a Distillation Column- Principles of Raoult’s Law and multicomponents system

Unit II- Distillation equipments used in refinery- The accessories of distillation column and its importance

Unit III- Necessity of extraction and importance of triangular chart- The advantage and disadvantage of different flow conditions- Extraction equipments- Industrial application of extraction

Unit VI- Importance of Adsorption &Absorption- Different types of Adsorption &Absorption- Advantage & Disadvantage of packed towers- Adsorbents used in industry

Unit V- Importance of Super Saturation- Phase change in crystallization- Different problems during crystallization- Importance of primary and secondary, nucleation- Different crystallizer and purifying equipments

DETAILED SYLLABUS

403 REFINERY MASS TRANSFER

UNIT I: DISTILLATION

Distillation, Principle of Distillation, Raoult’s law, minimum boiling Azeotropes, maximum boilingazeotropes, multi-component systems. Flash distillation of binary mixtures, Continuous distillation withreflux – action on an ideal plate, Combination rectification and stripping,Material balances in plate Columns –Over all Material balance for two component systems, net flowrate, determination of theoretical plates required for a tray tower using McCabe-Thiele method,minimum number of plates by Fensky Equation, Optimum reflux ratio (Principles only)

UNIT II: DISTILLATION EQUIPMENTS

Description with Diagram: Simple distillation, Azeotropic distillation, Extractive distillationMolecular distillation, Steam distillation, Rectification, Construction of rectifying column (Bubblecap, Sieve plate, Valve trays), Types of down comers, Packed column, Fractionating column withaccessories (condenser, partial condenser, and reboiler) and its arrangement.

UNIT III: EXTRACTION

LIQUID LIQUID EXTRACTION:Liquid – Liquid Extraction, Liquid Equilibrium, Triangular chart and its use, Choice of solvent forextraction, Industrial application of Extraction - System of three liquid – One pair partially soluble, twopair partially soluble - Co-current, Cross current, Counter current extraction (Principles only),Equipments - description with diagram – mixer settler Cascades, Sieve tray towers, Packed towers,Rotating disc contactor.LEACHING:Principles of Leaching, Preparation of Solid, Industrial Application - Equipments - Description withdiagram – Robert diffusion battery, Basket Extractor, Dorr Agitator, Dorr Thickener.

UNIT IV: ABSORPTION AND ADSORPTION

ABSORPTION:Gas absorption principles, Equilibrium Solubility of gases in liquids, Two component systems, multicomponent systems, absorption with chemical reaction. Equipments description with diagram -Packed tower operation, packing, Packing Supports, liquid distributor, entrainment separator, anddefinition of loading and flooding of packed towers.ADSORPION:Adsorption, Industrial Application, Vapor phase adsorption systems, adsorption Isotherms (Principlesonly), concentration vs. adsorbate loading, Break through Curves - Physical and Chemical Adsorption(Principles only) - Important Adsorbents - Molecular sieves, Silica gel, Zeolite, Decolorizing Carbons(short note only)

UNIT V: CRYSTALLISATION

Crystallization, Purity of product, Importance of Crystal size, Equilibria and Solubility curve,Preparation of Super saturation, Nucleation – Origins of Crystals in crystallizers, Primary Nucleation,Secondary Nucleation, Fluid Shear Nucleation, Contact Nucleation - Equipments - Description withdiagram – Vacuum Crystallizers, draft tube baffles Crystallizers, Crystallization from melts.TEXT BOOK1. W.L. McCabe & J.C. Smith “Unit operation of chemical Engg” 6th Edition, Mc. Graw Hill Book2. W.L. Badger & J.T. Banchero “Introduction to Chemical Engg” Tata McGraw Hill Publishing

Co, Ltd., New Delhi – 1997

REFERENCE BOOK:1. R.E. Treybal “Mass Transfer Operation” McGraw Hill Book Co. 19862. Robert H. Perry – and D.W. Green “Perry’s Chemical Engineers Hand book” 7th Edition,

McGraw Hill Book Co. Singapore – 1997.

404 DISTILLATE TESTING LABORATORYObjectives:

After completion of this laboratory, the students will be ableTo understand how testing of Petroleum distillates (Gasoline, Kerosene, Lube oil) is doneTo know how distillates meet the specification to satisfy the end users requirement. Thestudents will be aware of the tests carried in Refinery.To know the importance of Aniline point, Bromine number, Refractive index for AromaticsTo understand about carbon residue which is more important for heavier ends for furthercracking operation.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Reid Vapor pressure determination test.

2. Smoke point determination test.

3. Aniline point determination test.

4. Saybolt color chromo meter to know the purity of the sample.

5. ASTM distillation to find the quality of the product.

6. Total Acidity test

7. Bromine number test to determine the % of olefin in the Distillate.

8. Refractive Index to determine the % of carbon in Aromatics.

9. Carbon residue determination by Conradson method.

10. Carbon residue determination by Rams bottom method

11. Copper corrosion

12. Determination of Sediments and water in crude by centrifuging.

405 MASS TRANSFER LAB.Objective:

o After completion of this laboratory the students will be able to understand about thePhase change, Mass transfer in distillation column ,

o Adsorber, Crystallizer in chemical industries.o The student will also have sound knowledge on Simple distillation, Steam

distillation followed in chemical industries

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Verification Rayleigh’s Equation using Simple distillation of (Carbon Tetra Chloride - Benzene

system).

2. Experimental Determination of VLE Data of Carbon Tetrachloride – Benzene) system.

3. Steam distillation of Toluene

4. Construction of Equilibrium diagram (triangular chart )

5. Batch Extraction

6. Leaching of Edible Oil

7. Leaching by batch process.

8. Crystalisation by evaporation. ( Salt solution )

9. Crystalisation by Cooling.

10. Batch Adsorption (Adsorbent- Activated Carbon )

11. Study of packings.( Indalox Sadling, Raschig ring, Pall ring )

12. Study of Trays in Tray Towers ( Bubble cap, Sieve Tray, Valve Tray )

406 FLUID MECHANICS LABORATORYOBJECTIVES:

Conduct flow experiments in orifice and venture and to determine the coefficient ofdischarge.Determination of the friction factor in pipe friction experimental setup.Determination of the constants in the V notch.Determination of flow characteristics of water through packed and fluidized columns.Determination of performance characteristics of Centrifugal pump and volumetricefficiency of flow characteristics

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

1. Determination of orifice co-efficient.2. Determination of venturi co-efficient.

3. Determination of pipe friction.

4. Flow through v-notch.

5. Rota meter.

6. Determination of viscosity using Haigen - Poiseulli equation.

7. Flow through packed column.

8. Flow through fluidization column.

9. Centrifugal pump characteristics.

10. Compressor test rig.

11. Study of pipes, pipe fittings.

12. Study of centrifugal pump (parts )