SustSan workshop: Single family treatment wetlands progress in Poland by Magdalena Gajewska

Single family treatment wetlands progress in Poland

Magdalena Gajewska

Sustainable Sanitation Workshop, 4-5 April 2014, Ljubljana, Slovenia

2006 2008 2010 2012

94.9 95.2 95.3 97.1

72.8 74.7 75.2 76.2

Central water system

city village

2006 2008 2010 2012

84.8 85.8 86.1 86.5

20.2 23.5 24.8 29.4

Central sewer system

city village

PRESENT SITUATION

Problem with wastewater treatment

in rural areas with scattered buildings

According to the Polish Water Management Board, at present there are 1636 agglomerations, with 23 million of people connected to sewerage systems. It means that the other 15 million of people in Poland do not use sewerage systems. According to the new administration regulations, building of sewerage systems is not profitable if there are less than 120 inhabitants per 1 km of newly constructed system.

PRESENT SITUATIONS

Typical solution for scattered development = cesspools

In many cases leaking cesspools!!!!!!!!!!

National Program for Municipal Wastewater Treatment does not apply to agglomerations with less than 2000 inhabitants.

What means: • 5.0 million people in our country use the vacuum

truck, • 3.85 million people have no access to any

wastewater services, • 5.5 million inhabitants is located outside of any

program

Threats

• Pollution of surface and groundwater with disordered wastewater management.

• Restrict access to clean water, which can cause epidemiological risks.

• Aggravated aesthetic and landscape areas attractive in terms of recreational and tourism to be reliable.

There is an urgent need to build

single family treatment plants

existing single family STP

needs for single family STP

Requirements

• The amount of wastwater – 7.5 m3/day but

5.0 m3/day !!!

• Four samples yearly

• BOD 5 < 40 mg O2/ l ; COD < 150 mg O2/ l ;

• TSS < 50 mg O2/ l ;

• TN < 30 mg N/ l and TP < 5 mgP/l !!!

• There is no minimum of reduction !

• BUT when discharge of wastewater into the ground on the property (settelment)- then BOD5 min. 20% reduction and TSS - 50 % of reduction

Possible solutions

Single Family Tretment Plants (SF TPs)

Natural methods Conventional methods

Drain system

Sand filter

Treatment wetlands

Bio-filters- thrikling filters

Activated sludge

All of them have pros and cons, the point is to select this one which will

be BAT according to LCA

Hanna Obarska-Pempkowiak

Magdalena Gajewska

Ewa Wojciechowska

Arkadiusz Ostojski

As part of the project "Innovative solution for wastewater management in rural areas" NORWET (co-financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education No. E033/P01/2008/02 and the EEA Financial Mechanism and the Norwegian Financial Mechanism No. PL0271) team of Department of Water and Wastewater Technology and the Department of Sanitary Engineering Gdansk University of Technology has developed a concept and implemented a model of waste water and sludge for the individual household in the community Stężyca.

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NORWET

FARM DOMESTIC SEWAGE

SEPTIC TANK

TREATMENT WETLAND VF or HF beds

(3 CONFIGURATIONS)

REED BEDS for sludge dewatering and mineralization

SEWAGE SLUDGE

REED

COMPOST

OUTFLOW

SEEPAGE

POND

Conception of the complete sewage-sludge management system for

a single family household

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NORWET

Community Stężyca, Pommerania Region

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NORWET

Community Stężyca, Pommerania Region

9326 inhabitants (A.D. 2009)

surface area 16 032 ha

two biggest villages:

Stężyca 1806 inhabitants, Kamienica Szlachecka 813 inhabitants

agriculture, forrestry, tourism, agrotourism

Kaszubian Lake District

difficult terrain conditions for building sewarage system (denivalation ca. 168 m)

Location of single-farm treatment wetlands in Stężyca Community

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NORWET

Ostrowo

69 inhabitants

4 TWs

Bolwerk

59 inhabitants

1 TW

Borucino

323 inhabitants

2 TWs

Łączyno

301 inhabitants

2 TWs

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NORWET

the impact of septic tank volume – retention time on treatment process and comparison with sequential VF beds (configuration II)

and HF bed (configuration III)

?

VF Pond

pond pond Septic tank

Configuration I

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NORWET

? Is it better to have 1 or 2 VF

beds

Configuration II

pond Septic tank

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NORWET

?

-prefilter

- comparison of VF and HF

Configuration III

pond Septic tank

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

1000 1100 1200

Configuration I Configuration II Configuration III

COD in influent, mg/l 1 2 3

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Configuration I Configuration II Configuration III

COD in effluent, mg/l 1 2 3

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Configuration I Configuration II Configuration III

COD efficency removal, % 1 2 3 mean

Organic matter

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Configuration I Configuration II Configuration III

TN in influent, mg/l 1 2 3

0

10

20

30

40

50

Configuration I Configuration II Configuration III

TN in effluent, mg/l 1 2 3

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

90.0

100.0

Configuration I Configuration II Configuration III

TN efficency removal, % Serie1 Serie2 Serie3 Serie4

Total nitrogen

Single Family TWs

CONCLUSIONS

•The application of treatment wetlands for single-family effluent is

an effective and sustainable solution for wastewater treatment in the rural

areas.

•In first two years of operation good treatment effectiveness BOD 64.0-92.0%,

TN 44.0-77.0%, TP 24.0-66.0% was observed.

• After three year the efficiency removal of organic and TN increased 12-20

% except TP

• In fourth year of explanation the amount of nitrate increased significantly

in the effluent from SFTWs with SSVF beds

•Comparing the achieved efficiency removal in three applied configuration

shows:

importance of TSS removal in pre-filter before application of TWs

double contact time in sequentially working VSSF beds improve the

efficiency removal up to 20% in comparison to the efficiency of single VSSF

with bigger unit area.

Lesson Learn:

The owners are :

-willing to install and build the SF TWs – proud of them

-not willing to use reed sludge daring beds for primary

sludge

-The authorities has no knowledge about what is TW

(think like it is drainage ) BOOK

-Wastewater consumption is less than 100 l/pe and thus

the sewage are more dense so no rules like DWA 2006

or other could be apply during designing

Team distinction for

development of an

innovative technical solution

entitled ’Implementation and

Promotion of Ecological

Engineering Basing on

Sewage Treatment Plants’ In

the competition for Master of

Technology in academic year

2011/2012.