Sustainable Water Management through Common Responsibility ... · “Sustainable Water Management through Common Responsibility ... Water management analysis sectors (surveillance

Project cofinanced by European Regional Development Fund Project cofinancé par le Fonds européen de développement régional

1G–MED08-515

“Sustainable Water Management through Common Responsibility enhancement in Mediterranean River Basins”

September 2011

Component 3 - Water Management in the participants’ regions Pilot River Basins

Water Management Comparison among participant regions

MED Programme 2007-2013 1

SUMMARY 1. General information ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

2. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Greece ................................................................................................................................................................... 9

3. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Cyprus ................................................................................................................................................................. 11

4. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Spain ................................................................................................................................................................... 12

5. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Italy ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14

6. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Sicily Region (Italy) .............................................................................................................................................. 15

7. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Province of Lucca (Italy) ....................................................................................................................................... 17

8. Water legal framework .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19

9. Analysis of water status -1- ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 21

10. Analysis of water status -2- ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 24

11. Analysis water status -3- ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32

12. Analysis of the public participation activities in water management ......................................................................................................................................................... 33

13. Economic Analysis ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 38

14. Pricing Policies ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 44

15. Water management analysis sectors (lakes, rivers) .................................................................................................................................................................................... 51

16. Water management analysis sectors (groundwaters) ................................................................................................................................................................................ 54

17. Water management analysis sectors (transitional and coastal water) ....................................................................................................................................................... 58

18. Water management analysis sectors (protected areas).............................................................................................................................................................................. 60

19. Water management analysis sectors (thermal and mineral waters)........................................................................................................................................................... 62

20. Water management analysis sectors (drainage, rain water management) ................................................................................................................................................. 65

21. Water management analysis sectors (irrigation, water for agricultural use) .............................................................................................................................................. 67

22. Water management analysis sectors (Water for energy and industrial use)............................................................................................................................................... 70

23. Water management analysis sectors (aquaculture – fish and plant farming - fishing) ................................................................................................................................ 72

24. Water management analysis sectors (water quality control) ..................................................................................................................................................................... 75

25. Water management analysis sectors (water balance analysis, meteo data) ............................................................................................................................................... 77


26. Water management analysis sectors (surveillance and controls’policy) ..................................................................................................................................................... 79

27. Water management analysis sectors (drillings, permits and control) ......................................................................................................................................................... 81

28. Water infrastructures (water supply, potable water, city pipelines network, water utilities agencies) ...................................................................................................... 84

29. Sewage infrastructures (sewage, sewerage, wastewater treatment and reuse) ......................................................................................................................................... 87

30. Analysis of differences - Summary ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 90


1. SUMMARY

The present report was drafted in the framework of the 1G-MED08-515 WATERinCORE project for the “Sustainable Water Management through Common Responsibility enhancement in Mediterranean River Basins”.

The WATERinCORE project is implemented under the transnational programme of European territorial cooperation MED (http://www.programmemed.eu), Priority Axe 2: Environmental protection and promotion of a sustainable territorial development, Objective 2.1: Protection and enhancement of natural resources and cultural heritage.

The project aims at the design, application and dissemination of a methodological frame for the integration of Local Agenda 21 principles in Water Resources Management in Mediterranean River Basins.

This document is derived from the comparison of the documents produced during the “Component 3 Water Management (WM) in the participants’ regions - Pilot river basins”, “Phase 3.1 - Water Management Analysis”. During this phase was analysed the water status in participant regions, the legal framework, the water infrastructures and the water pricing policies and administrative schemes–bodies. Particular emphasis was given to the Public participation activities in water management in the participant regions. Was also analysed the application of WFD and GWD, it was identified and assessed in accordance with the provision of the Directives. Finally, this analysis was used to make the selection of the pilot basin in each participant region.

During the “Phase 3.2 Comparison of WM among participant’s regions” the previous analysis was evaluate and comparison among the water management policies and techniques in the participants’ regions was made in order to identify the disparities-similarities and strengths and weakness between WM in the participant region’s.


2. General information

Partner’s logo

Name of partner ANATOLIKI sa, Development

Agency of local Authorities of Eastern Thessaloniki

Republic of Cyprus - Water Development Department

Deputation of Granada Province of Lucca

Service of Territorial Planning and Mobility

ARPA - Environmental Regional Protection Agency (Sicily Region)

Country GREECE CYPRUS SPAIN ITALY

Government Unitary parliamentary

republic Presidential republic

Parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy

Unitary parliamentary republic

Tuscany Region - Ordinary Region Sicily region - Self-governing

Region

Classification of partner

Private - Other public body Public - State Public - Local Authority Public - Local Authority Public – Public Regional Agency

Area of Water Management

Analysis

“Water district 10” of Region of Central Macedonia,

“Water District” of Cyprus Province

of Granada Province of Lucca Sicily

Document of Water

Management analysis

www.waterincor

e.eu

Water Management Analysis in “water district 10” of Region of

Central Macedonia, Greece

Water Management Analysis in “Water District” of Cyprus

An analysis of water management in the

Guadalquivir river basin with the province

of Granada as a focal point, Spain

Water Management Analysis

in Province of Lucca, Italy

Water Management Analysis in Sicily River Basin District

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_state

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_republic


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_state



Partner’s logo







Short description of the partner’s territory

Region of Central Macedonia is one of 13 of Greece, consisting of the central part of the region of Macedonia. “Water district 10” is located at the region of Central Macedonia with the following charactristcs: Area: 10.390 km2 Inhabitants: 1.362.190 (2001 Census), the second biggest in Greece. Land cover: 3% domestic land, 17% forests, 57% cultivations, 21% rangeland, 2% atmospheric deposition 17 and 9 sites are characterized as SCI (Site of community Importance Directive 92/43/EEC) and SPA (Special Protected Areas, Directive 79/409/EEC) correspondingly in the WD 10 Water District 10 is characterized by extensive plains mainly in the west part, with the most important Thessaloniki Plain. The area is not very mountainous, it includes low mountains in the peripheral zone and only Mountain Athos and Kerkini exceeds 2000 m high. Hydrography and hydrogeology: The main river basins of Water District (10) are: river basin of Axios river and river basin of Ligkos river. Furthermore lakes Doirani, Lagkada and Volvi are significant water bodies located in the Water District (10).

Cyprus is located in the north-eastern part of the Mediterranean basin.

Area: 9.251 km2

Inhabitants: 793.963

Land cover: 47% arable land, 19% forest land, 34% uncultivated land.

Cyprus is dominated in its topography by two mountain ranges, the Troodos range in the central part of the island (height 1.952 m) and the Pentadaktylos range in the north of the island (height 1.085 m).

Hydrography: Most of the rivers, which flow only in winter, have their sources in the Troodos mountains and only one substantial river has its source in Pentadaktylos.

Province of Granada is located in south of Spain, in the eastern part of the Andalusia

Area: 12.647 km2

Inhabitants: 905.285

Land cover: no data

The province of Granada is distributed amongst the Guadalquivir river basin district (9,960 km2, 79.48% of its territory), the Mediterranean river basins district (2,628 km2, 20.48% of its territory), and a small part of the Segura river basin district (47 km2, 0.04% of the province territory).

The Sierra Nevada and Sierra de Baza are the mountain range of Province of Granada, the tallest mountain in the Iberian Peninsula, Mulhacén, is located in Granada. It measures 3,479 m.

The coast of Granada province is known as the Costa Tropical. Although it is not as popular with foreign visitors as the Costa del Sol further east, it does attract large numbers of Spanish holiday-makers

Hydrography and hydrogeology :

Province of Lucca is located in center of Italy, in Tuscany Region. Area: 1.773 km2 Inhabitants: 372.244 Land cover: Artificial areas 8,1%; Agricultural areas 25,16%; Forests and natural areas 65,32%; Wetlands 0,6%; Water bodies 0,82 The mountain ranges of the Appennino Tosco-Emiliano and the Massif of Apuan Alps run across the territory. The Massif is bounded by the northern Tyrrhenian Sea on the west. The Serchio River Valley separate Appennino and Apuan Alps The territory presents a high variability of physical environments: - “Piana Lucchese”, flood plain and hills; - “Valle del Serchio”, river valley, higth hills and muontains; - “Garfagnana”, rough mountain ranges; - “Versilia”, coast area strongly antrophized with a presence of remaining natural wetlands (Lake of Massaciuccoli) Hydrography and hydrogeology : In general, the drainage basin results to be complex and advanced and a result of a morphological moulding. The territory of the Province of Lucca is subdivided in 4 main river basins (Serchio River, Arno River, Magra River, North Tuscany Basins).

Sicily is located in south of Italy. This is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea

Area: 26.000 km2

Inhabitants: 5.000.000

Land cover: Artificial Surfaces 3,8%, Agriculltural areas 69,8%, grassland 3,9%, forest 4,7%, sclerophyllus vegetation 4,6%, forest and semi-natural areas 12,8%, wetland 0,1%, waterbodies 0,3%

The island is characterized by a densely mountainous landscape. The main mountain ranges are Madonie and Nebrodi in the north and Peloritani in the north-east, whereas the south-eastern Hyblaean are considered geologically as a continuation of the Italian Appennines. Mount Etna, located in the east of mainland Sicily with a height of 3,320 m it is the tallest active volcano in Europe.

Hydrography and hydrogeology: the island is drained by several rivers. Rivers are all limited in flow and extent. The rivers Those located in north area are called “Fiumare” and are torrential nature, in summer they are almost permanently dry.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mulhacén

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonie

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebrodi

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peloritani

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyblaean_Mountains

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appennines

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Etna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Etna

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volcano

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage


Partner’s logo







Short description of the partner’s territory

Climate: CM water district-10 is characterized by a variety of climate conditions. The main types are Mediterranean at the coastal areas and continental at the inland.

Snowfalls: during October-April

The average annual precipitation ranges from 400 to 800 mm, while in the mountainous parts exceeds 1.000 mm.

Administrative subdivision: 7 Prefectures (Chalkidiki, Thessaloniki, Kilkis, Imathia, Pella, Serres)

Economy: The repartition of GDP is: 14.9% agriculture, 30.5% industry and building and 54.6% services.

Climate: typical Mediterranean

Rainfall: average annual rainfall is about 500 mm and ranges from 300 mm to 1.100 mm. The variation in rainfall is not only regional but annual.

All of Cyprus’s water resources were originating from rainfall. The amount of water corresponding to the unoccupied part of Cyprus is equivalent to 2.670 million cubic meters (mcm) but only the 14% or the equivalent of 370 mcm is available for utilization since the remainder 86% returns to the atmosphere as direct evaporation.

Snowfall: only in mountains

Administrative subdivision: 6 districts

Economy: The repartition of GDP of Republic of Cyprus: agriculture 4,3%, industry e building 20,1%, services 75,6%

Climate: typical Mediterranean

Temperature: average annual 16.8ºC

Rainfall: average annual precipitation 789 l/ m²

Snowfall: no data

Administrative subdivision: 168 municipalities, 10 Districts, 3 River Basin Districts.

Economy: Granada is a relatively rich province. Its economy is predominantly agriculture-oriented, being the most widely grown cereal crop, although the snuff, and sugar cane are important. We can also find olive and fruit trees (orange, lemon, fig, almond and pomegranate), plus some vineyards.

The main industries, therefore, are based in agriculture include sugar production, although the packaging is carried out in the city of Granada, the capital of the province. In the province of Granada also found lead mines in the Sierra de Gador (the richest in the world during the nineteenth century). The Marquis of Zenete region is one of the largest producers of iron in Spain. In Granada there are many liquor factories, soap, paper, linen and wool.

The territory is characterized by important and developed aquifer system based on alluvial deposits (Lucca’s plain and Serchio Valley), also of carbonate nature (Val di Lima and Apuan Alps). Climate: different by area (Mediterranean climate in sea area and temperate climate in others areas) Temperature: different by area. Average annual 15°C, and range from averge low 3,5°C to average height 25°C Rainfall: different by area: average annual 1.400 mm, and ranges from 800 mm to 3.000 mm Snowfall: only in mountains Administrative subdivision: 35 municipalities, 3 Mountain Community, 3 Reclamation pool, 2 Basin Districts, 4 River Basin Authorities Economy: Every physical system is characterized by economic and environmental: “Garfagnana” is predominantly a rural economy; “Piana di Lucca” e “Valle del Serchio” prevailing industry (paper and mechanical engineering and services; Versilia” tourism and shipbuilding. The economic structure of the province of Lucca at the end of 2001 was 35,669 active enterprises (11% agriculture, 33% industry and 56% services).

Climate: typical Mediterranean.

Temperature: averge low range beetwen 4°C – 12°C and average height range beetwen 23°C – 27°C

Rainfall: different by area: average annual 680 mm, and ranges from 450 mm to 900 mm

Snowfall: only in mountains

Administrative subdivision: 9 province, 390 municipalities

Economy: Agriculture is the chief economic activity but has long been hampered by absentee ownership, primitive methods of cultivation, and inadequate irrigation.

There are important tuna and sardine fisheries.

In addition to wine, Sicily manufactures processed food, chemicals, refined petroleum, fertilizers, textiles, ships, leather goods, and forest products. There are petroleum fields in the southeast, and natural gas and sulfur are also produced.

The repartition of GDP of Sicily region: agriculture 3,5%, industry e building 14,8%, services 81,8%


Partner’s logo







Name of Region Central Macedonia Region Cyprus Island Andalusia Autonomous

Community Tuscany Region Sicily Region

Name of River District

RIVER BASIN DISTRICT: 10 Central Macedonia.

Cyprus River Basin District Guadalquivir River Basin District RIVER BASIN DISTRICT:

Serchio River RIVER BASIN DISTRICT:

Sicily River basins

Total Area of River District

10.390 km2 11.015 km2 57.527 km2 1.565 km2 25.708 km2

Total Population of River District

1.225.840 798.000 4.107.598 270.000 5.000.000

Number of type of Water Management Authorities

National - 15 Regional - 2 Local - 5




National - 17 Regional - 3 Local – 3

Number of type of Water Management Authorities (only operative)

National -2 Regional - 0 Local - 3





Name of pilot river basins

Anthemountas River Basin Hydrological Region 8 middle course of the Genil River Serchio River Irminio River

Total area of pilot river basins

320 km2 1.039,89 Km2 no data km2 1.565 km2 254,56 km²

Population of pilot river basins

40.469 102.352 33.700 270.000 36.200

Land Cover (CLC) of pilot river

basins

53% Cropland 43% Woodlands 3% Urban Areas 1% Grazing Land

22.6% Arable land 1% Urban-suburban green

0.8% Wetlands 12.8% Forests

19.2%complex cropping systems 2% Industrial land and infrastructure

0.3% inland water 0.5% Mining

8.1% Open areas with sparse vegetation

2% Permanent crops

71% Cropland 16% Woodlands 1% Urban areas

1% Wetlands and Dams 1% Grazing Land

20% Bush and sparse vegetation

74, 2% Forests and semi natural areas 19.9% Cropland

5.2% Urban areas 0.6% Wetlands

0.1% Water bodies (CLC 2000)

21.62% Forests and semi natural areas 74.28% Agricultural areas

2.28% Urban areas 1.25% Industrial and commercial areas

0.57% Water bodies (CLC 2006)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain


Partner’s logo







26.6% Shrubs and grass 4.1% Urban Areas


3. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Greece

Scheme about the authorities and organizations relevant to water supply, management, control and authorisation for each partner.

NATIONAL LEVEL:

the NATIONAL WATER COMMITTEE under the suggestions of the Minister of Environment, Energy and Climate Change, is responsible for the formulation of the government’s policy and also for the submission of an Annual Report to the European Parliament which includes the country’s aquatic environment status, the implementation of legislation for the water protection and management and its conventionality with the European Framework;

the NATIONAL WATER COUNCIL: under the suggestions of the Minister of Environment, Energy and Climate Change;


the CENTRAL WATER DIRECTORATE: it acts on a technical level and in particular:

1. Develops national programs to protect and manage the water resources and inspects their implementation; 2. Coordinates Services and National Bodies and participates in Competence Community Institutes, on water management and protection issues; 3. Recommends water pricing policies 4. Recommends legislative and administrative measures for water management and protection 5. Observes water quality and quantity in national level 6. Manages meteorological and hydrological database and information 7. Observes all Regional Water Directorates 8. Prepares a detailed report of river basins characteristics, impacts of human activities, economic analysis of water use 9. Sets up protected areas national register

REGIONAL LEVEL

the REGIONAL WATER DIRECTORATE under the structure of the decentralized Administration of Macedonia – Thraki, specializes and applies long- and intermediate-term protection and management programs of rivers basins, evaluates Management Plans and Measure Programs for the water basins. Also is in charge of formatting register of protected areas and cares for the substantial participation of the public. It implements Monitoring programmes of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of the water and applies programmes of measures on protection from pollution and restoration of water and specializes in the national pricing policy and political costing of the water usages.

The REGIONAL WATER BOARD gives consultative response before the approval of the Management Plan and expresses its opinion on every water protection and management topic that is submitted by the General Secretary of the Region and finally Publishes Management Plans, in order the public to be informed on its content and participate in the public consultation.

All other institutes (Greek Marine Research Centre-Institute of Inland Waters Greek Biotope/Wetland Centre, Hellenic National Meteorological Service Institute of Geology and Mineral Exploitation, National Agricultural Research Foundation) are related with research activities and collaborate in water management with the national and regional bodies.

LOCAL LEVEL

At local level the Regional Units of the new administrative divisions of Regions (Kallikratis Law 3852/2010), have an Authorization, Inspection and Surveillance role. Municipal Enterprises for Water Supply and Sewerage is the competent authorities responsible for the control, pricing and management of water supply, sewerage and waste water treatment.

The Responsible Bodies for the irrigation network management are the General Organizations of Land Reclamation (GOLR) which operate under the inspection and surveillance of the government, Ministry of Rural Development and Food. GOLR inspects, coordinates and give guidance to Local Organizations of Land Reclamation (LOLR), which are responsible for local irrigation networks management.

http://www.delino.gr/N38522010_KALLIKRATIS_FEKA87_07062010.pdf


4. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Cyprus

NATIONAL LEVEL

1. the MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENT (MANRE) with the support of three other Ministries at a lesser degree, such as the Ministry of the Interior, the

Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism. The ultimate body for the approval of the water policy is the Council of Ministers;

2. WATER DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT (under the suggestion of MANRE) which is responsible for study, design, construction, operation and maintenance of water works and as well as the

monitoring, management and protection of water resources.

3. The MINISTRY OF INTERIOR

REGIONAL LEVEL

1. DISTRICT OFFICES: has legal power for distribution agencies and issue of ground water abstraction permits


4. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Spain

NATIONAL LEVEL

- For inter-community basins : planning, public domain and infrastructure.

- For intra-community basins : planning and infrastructure of general interest for the State.

REGIONAL LEVEL

By virtue of the Statute of Autonomy, the Autonomous Community are exclusive competences in water management, water resources and hydrological exploitation, channels and irrigation

systems, underground water (if exploitation does not affect any other territory), mineral and thermal water, users participation, supply guarantee, plot regulation and works intended for the

change, modernization and consolidation of irrigation systems, as well as for water saving.


Autonomous Community must collaborate in the arrangement and management of inter-community hydrological exploitations

Autonomous Community must not cause damages to the hydrological cycle general plan, basic regulations on environmental protection, hydrological public works of general interest, or any

provision from Article 149.1.22ª of the Spanish Constitution".

The Water Agency of Autonomous Community is responsible for hydrological management in the Region Council.

LOCAL LEVEL

Competences of local entities , including Councils, are established in the Law 7/85 on a Local Regime Regulation Basis (LBRRL).

City councils, Article 25, Section 2, provides that competences of city councils with regard to water management, in terms of State and Autonomous Communities Legislation, are established in

Paragraph I of the said Section 2): “Water supply and public illuminate, street cleaning service and waste treatment, drains and sewage treatment systems". Article 26 establishes that individual

or associated city councils must provide services to all towns

County Councils, Article 36, establishes competences of County Councils with regard to public actions. State and Autonomous Community Regulations and Law are responsible for the attribution

of: local services coordination, legal, economic and technical cooperation and support to City Councils, especially those with management and economic problems, public services supply at

supra-municipal and supra-regional levels.

Article 31 in the same regulating document provides that the Province must pursue and safeguard the principles of inter-community solidarity and balance, as well as guarantee the integral and

fair supply of municipal services throughout the entire territory.


5. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Italy

NATIONAL LEVEL

PARLIAMENT passes framework-laws; those laws are the datum point for the executive level for laws, decree and specific rules enactment about water management;

the MINISTRYOF ENVIRONMENT AND PROTECTION OF LAND AND SEA;

RESEARCH INSTITUTES (ISPRA, RID and CNR): collaborate in water management with the National and Regional Bodies;

THE NATIONAL RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY are responsible for redaction of Plans of Water Management and Measure Programs for the national water basins.


6. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Sicily Region (Italy)

REGIONAL LEVEL

Sicily has a special autonomy. Sicilian Region plays a main role and is responsible for planning, regulatory, control but also management and implementation of reservoirs and major infrastructure for

water supply.

THE REGIONAL ASSEMBLY has exclusive competence in agriculture, industry, commerce, fishing, public waters and tourism.;

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL DEPARTMENT: to ensure a good quality state of coastal waters to reach quality targets;


REGIONALE WASTE AND WATER DEPARTMENT:

- knowledge and characterization of the territory-wide river basin

- control and regulate the service provided by the managers of integrated water system approve the ambit plans

- authorization of municipal wastewater treatment plant

- waterworks construction of major infrastructure for multiple uses

- Acquisition hydro-meteo parameters

- Measurement of the levels in the wells and discharge spring

REGIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY:

- to characterize and to identify water bodies

- monitoring of biological elements to classify ecological status of water bodies

- monitoring of elements to classify chemical status of water bodies

- data processing to describe environmental wellness and drawing up environmental data yearbook

- Promotion of project studies, researches

- Inspection and verification physical, chemical and biological elements exceeded legal limits

- Supporting to administrative authorities to formulate opinions and proposals of a technical nature

The supply system of water for multiple uses (multi-purpose reservoirs and related water supply, wells and springs, desalination plants) is managed directly by the region, while the civil sector is

organized in a “sovrambito” (operated by the company Siciliacque SpA) and in 9 areas defined on a provincial basis. The management of irrigation service, powered by the system operated by the

Region, is entrusted to 11 Authority for Reclamation, and 11 industrial Authority for industrial.


7. Administrative schemes-bodies of Water Management in Province of Lucca (Italy)

REGIONAL LEVEL

The president of REGIONAL COUNCIL passes laws which are needed to the operative

application of regional laws.

COUNCILSHIP OF ENVIRONMENT AND ENERGY and the COUNCILSHIP OF URBAN

PLANNING propose political suggestions for water management to Regional Council.

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND TERRITORIAL POLICY is the referential

authority for the application of normative dispositions; it is supported by study and

research institutes (SIRA, ARPAT, CFR and ARSIA)which collaborate in water

management with the National and Regional Bodies.

REGIONAL RIVER BASIN AUTHORITY are responsible for the redaction of Water

Management Plans and Measure Programs for the regional water basins.

LOCAL LEVEL

REGION, PROVINCE AND MUNICIPALITY have a political function.

AATO, Authority of “Ambito Territoriale Ottimale” (Consortium of municipalities and

provinces located in the area of ATO, with juristic profile and autonomous

organization. ATO is territorial unit where the processes of organization of water

services must be implemented through the separation between levels of government

and the management of public services (water supply, sewerage and sewage

treatment) regardless of their form (public or private)

MOUNTAIN COMMUNITIES, LAND RECLAMATION CONSORTIUMS, PROVINCE OF

LUCCA (Land defence service, Environment Service and Urban Planning and Mobility

Service) and Municipalities (Environment Services) have technical function.


INTEGRATED WATER SERVICE MANAGER (private company) which is in charge of the

Set of public services of uptake, adduction and distribution of water to civilian use,

sewerage and sewage treatment.


8. Water legal framework

ADAPTATION OF DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC – WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE - WFD – IN TE PARTICIPANT COUNTRIES

ANATOLIKI sa, Development Department of Eastern Thessaloniki (Greece)


Deputation of Granada (Spain) Province of Lucca

(Italy)

ARPA - Environmental Regional Protection

Agency (Italy)

Law 3199/2003 “Water Management and Protection” Alignment with the directive of the European Parliament and the 23rd October Council

Presidential decree No. 51/2007 “Determination of measures and procedures for the protection and integrated water management in compliance with the provisions of EU Directive 2000/60/EC”

JMD 43504/2005 Categories of water usage Permits and implementation of water exploitation works

Law:

Ν. 13(Ι)/2004 Water Protection and Management Law, 20/02/2004,

N. 67(Ι)/2009(Revision Act), 10/07/2009

Ν. 56(Ι)/2003 Integrated Prevention and Pollution Control Law

Ν. 106(Ι)/2002 Water and Soil Pollution Control Law

Ν. 108(Ι)/2004 Sewerage Systems (Amendment) Law Regulations:

Control of Pollution of Water

Κ.Δ.Π.534/2002 (compliance with Directive 91/276/EC), Nitrate pollution from agricultural sources (compliance with Directive 91/276/EC)

Κ.Δ.Π.517/2002 Use of sludge in agriculture

Κ.Δ.Π.407/2002 Code of Good Agricultural Practice

Κ.Δ.Π.772/2003 Waste Water Disposal

Control of Pollution of Water Orders

Κ.Δ.Π.254/2003 Authorization Request for disposal

Κ.Δ.Π.42/2004 Nitrate vulnerable zones

Κ.Δ.Π.41/2004 Action Plan for the Protection of Nitrate vulnerable areas

Royal Decree-Law 1/2001, issued on the 20th of July, which approves the rewritten text of the Water Law, modified by the Royal Decree-Law 4/2007, issued on the 13th of April

Royal Decree 606/2003, issued on the 23rd of May, which modifies the Royal Decree 849/1986, issued on the 11th of April, which approved the Public Hydraulic Domain Regulation

Law 62/2003, issued on the 30th of December, which modifies the Water Law and the National Hydrological Plan Law

Royal Decree 907/2007, issued the 6th of July, which approves the Hydrological Plan Regulation

Legislative Decree n° 152 of 3 April 2006 "Environmental Regulations" (Text updated February 25, 2010 to the Law n° 36)

Law 27 February 2009, n.13 "into law, with amendments, Decree Law 30 December 2008, N° 208, on special measures concerning water resources and environmental protection "

D.M. 16/06/2008 n° 131 "Regulation on the technical criteria for the characterization of water bodies (typing, detection, analysis of pressure)”

Decree 14/04/2009, n° 56 Ministry for the Environment, Land and Sea. Regulation on "Technical criteria for the monitoring of water bodies and the identification of reference conditions for the modification of technical standards of Legislative Decree 3 April 2006, N. 152, establishing environmental standards, prepared in accordance with Article 75, paragraph 3, of Legislative Decree same. "


DIRECTIVE 2006/118/EC – GROUNDWATER DIRECTIVE - GWD –

ANATOLIKI sa, Development Department of Eastern Thessaloniki (Greece)


Deputation of Granada (Spain) Province of Lucca

(Italy)

ARPA - Environmental Regional Protection

Agency (Italy)

JMD 39626/2009 “Determination of measures for protection of ground waters from pollution and degradation in compliance with the provisions of EU Directive 2006/118/EC

Regulation at national level

·Κ.Δ.Π 272/2009 Protection Measures of groundwater against pollution and deterioration

Royal Decree 1514/2009, issued the 2nd of October, which regulates groundwater protection against contamination and degradation

Legislative Decree 30 of 16 March 2009 “Implementing Directive 2006/118/EC on the protection of groundwater against pollution and deterioration2

Law 27 February 2009, n.13 "into law, with amendments, Decree Law 30 December 2008, N° 208, on special measures concerning water resources and environmental protection”


9. Analysis of water status -1-

IDENTIFICATION OF THE WATER BODIES ACCORDING TO WFD

NUMBER OF IDENTIFIED WATER BODIES




SURFACES’ WATER:

Rivers: 85 216 273 55 256

Lakes: 4 18 4 2 3 and 31 basins or reservoir

Transitional waters:

1 0 3 1 18

Coastal waters: 10 25 10 1 65

GROUNDWATERS:

Water body:

12

19

58

11

71

PROTECTED AREAS:

Protected Areas:

17 Sites of Community Importance (SCI); 9 Special Protection Areas (SPA); 73 Bathing Waters; (areas designated for the abstraction of water intended for human consumption has not been identified)

20 Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and Special Protection Areas (SPA); 5 NVZ; 18 Drinking Water; 111 Bathing Waters; 2 Sensitive Areas

19 protected wetlands (10 RAMSAR wetlands); 4 biosphere reserves; 100 sites of Community importance (SCIs); 40 special protection areas (SPAs)

31 Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and Special Protection Areas (SPA); 1 National Park; 8 State Wildlife Reserve; 4 Regional Parks; 7 Drinking Water (3 surface water bodies and 4 groundwater bodies); 1 Bathing Waters (coast: whole section) ; 13 Areas to support salmonids life 2 Areas to support cyprinids life 2 Areas to support shellfish life

232 Sites of Community Importance (SCI) and Special Protection Areas (SPA); 4 Regional Parks 75 Regional Wildlife Reserve; 12 Marine Protected Areas 12 Drinking Water 6 Areas to support fish life 6 Areas to support shellfish life


CLASSIFICATION OF THE WATER BODIES ACCORDING TO WFD

CLASSIFICATION (status based on number)




Rivers: unclassified

High: 0 Good: 32% Moderate: 35% Poor : 7% Bad: 2% Unclassified: 25%

Good state: 40 % water masses Moderate, poor, or bad state: 60 % water masses in danger or not achieving the Directive's objectives: unclassified

High: 8% Good: 42% Moderate: 27% Poor : 13% Bad: 5% Unclassified: 0

High: 0 Good: 15,9% Moderate: 39,7% Poor : 30,2% Bad: 14,3% Unclassified:

Lakes: unclassified

High: 0 Good: 56% Moderate: 33% Poor : 0 Bad: 6% Unclassified: 5%

high level of preservation: 75 % in danger or not achieving the Directive's objectives: unclassified

High: 0 Good: 0 Moderate: 50% Poor : 0 Bad: 50% Unclassified: 0

High: 0 Good: 8,8% Moderate: 52,9% Poor : 26,5% Bad: 0 Unclassified: 11,8%

Transitional waters: unclassified --- unclassified Poor: 100% Good: 91,7% Moderate: 8,3%

Coastal waters: unclassified High: 38% Good: 62%

unclassified Sufficient: 100% High: 100%

GROUNDWATERS:

Water body:

unclassified Good: 32% Bad: 68%

unclassified Good: 64% Bad: 36%

Good: 56% Moderate: 3% Poor : 28% Bad: 0 Particular: 13% *

PROTECTED AREAS:

Protected Areas:

unclassified

High: 11% Good: 75% Moderate: 14%

unclassified Classified according to the body as they fall

Areas to support fish life and areas to support shellfish life: 33,3% not suitable – 66,7% suitable


* with natural source of pollution


10. Analysis of water status -2-

PRESSURES AND IMPACTS ANALYSIS FOR EACH PARTICIPANT AREA For each partner is reported that a summary sheet of the WMA, the summary document will be made a comparison indicating the points of contact and divergence.

“Water district 10” of Region of Central Macedonia

TYPE OF WATER BODY PRESSURES* IMPACTS* Indicative Parameters**

SURFACES’ WATER:

Rivers: Point Source Urban: 7.8% high, 92.2% low Industrial: 18% high, 6% insufficient data, 79% low Other sources (waste treatment plants, uncontrolled waste disposal sites, mine areas): 100% low Diffuse sources Agriculture: 47% high, 53% low Urban: 7% high, 93% low Other sources (tourist areas, mine areas): 16% high, 84% low

Nutrients, Phosphorus, BOD5 pH, NO3, NH4, PO3, Cl

Lakes:

High Arsenic and sulphates Concentrations (Doirani Lake), high Phosphorous, Chloride sulphates concentrations and high electronic conductivity (Lagada Lake), BOD5

pH, NO3, NH4, PO3, Cl

Transitional waters: Not applicable

Coastal waters: Not applicable

GROUNDWATERS: Point sources Industrial: 25% Livestock: 50% Uncontrolled waste disposal site: 66.7% Sanitary landfill: 8% Diffuse Sources NO3-Cultivations and urbanization: 75% Natural load: Fe, Mn, As, B, F, U, Rn, Na, Cl, So2: 33.4%

High nitrogen concentrations Drop of water table

NO3, Cl, Fe, Mn, As, B, F, U, Rn, Na, Cl, SO2


Uncontrolled Intakes-pumping

PROTECTED AREAS: Non applicable

“Water distric” of Cyprus


SURFACES’ WATER:

Rivers:

21% Urban waste water - Industrial waste water - Mines and quarries - Solid wastes - Storm water run-off - Agriculture & land use - Livestock

Nutrients, BOD5, Toxic substances, microbial pollution

BOD5, TP, TN, COD, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fats & oil

Lakes:

6% Urban waste water - Industrial waste water - Mines

and quarries - Solid wastes - Storm water runoff -

Agriculture & land use - Livestock


BOD5, TP, TN, COD, Cu, Pb, Zn, Fats & oil

Transitional waters: Not applicable

Coastal waters:

4%

Urban waste water - Industrial waste water - Solid

wastes - Aquaculture


BOD5, COD, TSS, Cd, Pb, Hg, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe, Cr

GROUNDWATERS:

58%

Salt-water intrusion - Water abstractions (drinking

water & agriculture) - Agricultural activities (incl.

livestock) - Industrial activity - Urban waste water

(non-sewered) - Solid wastes - Climatic conditions

Nutrients, Toxic substances EC, Cl, Ca, B, SO4


PROTECTED AREAS: 1. NVZ (ND) 2. Sensitive areas

(UWWTD) 3. Bathing Water

(BWD) 4. Water bodies used

for drinking water (DWS) 5. Nature (N)

1. Agriculture, livestock 2. Urban wastewater 3. Urban wastewater, Run off 4. Urban wastewater, Run off 5. Drought, water diversion and limitation of

supply

1. Nitrates 2. pollution 3. pollution 4. pollution 5. water limitation

1. Nitrates 2. N, P 3. E.Coli, Intestinal Enterococci 4. Nutrients, BOD5, Toxic substances,

microbial pollution 5. water level, water quality

Province of Granada


SURFACES’ WATER:

Rivers: Point sources:

Urban waste dumps, industrial waste dumps,

hazardous and dangerous waste dumping sites,

urban dumping sites, and industrial dumping

sites

SR (Safe Risk): 5,5%.

RUS (Risk Under Study): 22,8%

Non-point sources:

No-irrigated agriculture, irrigated agriculture,

livestock, airports, transportation routes,

contaminated soils, scattered urban areas,

mining areas, recreational areas, prairies, and

petrol stations

SR: 4,3%. RUS: 33,5%.

Collections:

Extraction exceeding 40 % of annual mean flow

SR: 0,3%. RUS: 7,4%.

Regulation:

Masses in which at least one point has a RR

Confirmed impact:

Does not achieve a good chemical state:3,4%.

Protected area: inadequate quality of usage:

9,5%.

Probable impact:

Ecological state: possible degradation

regarding natural conditions 57,8%.

Chemical state: possible degradation

regarding natural conditions 3,4 %.

Protected area: possible inadequate quality of

usage 2,8%.

Hazardous substances [] > EQS - Pre-potable area of low quality - Non approved swimming area - Fish area which doesn't comply with the assigned quality - Biological rates - Taxonomical composition - Algal bloom apparently anthropogenic. - Fish community alteration - Oxygen deficiency [O2] < 4 mg/l - Salinization [Cl] > 860 mg/l of Cl - Eutrophy according to OECD criteria - Synthetic contaminants: [solid suspension] > 35 mg/l; [DOB5] > 25 mg/l; [Total phosphorus] > 1 mg/l; [Total nitrogen] > 10 mg/l Total nitrogen - Specific synthetic and non-synthetic contaminants (22 substances included in List II

Lakes:


Province of Granada


(Regulation Rate) over 40 %

SR: 3,7%. RUS: 17,2%.

Morphological alterations:

Modifications in river morphology.

SR: 1,5%. RUS: 8%.

Soil usage:

Areas affected by fire, forest exploitations,

bank usage for building or agriculture,

aggregate extraction, and other disruptive

elements. SR: 0%. RUS: 3,4%.

Unknown: SR: 4%. RUS: 16%.

by the Ministry of the Environment and Rural and Marine Affairs) - Pesticides: [Total pesticides] > 0.1 g/l; violation of applicable law; [] > 1000 ng/l of non-legislated pesticides Priority substances [] > proposed EQS - Vulnerable area with [NO3] > 25 mg/l - Network Natura 2000: Poor water quality

Transitional waters: Non Applicable

Coastal waters: Non Applicable

GROUNDWATERS:

Point contamination sources: 1,72 %

Non-point contamination sources: 74,13%

Water collections: 34,48%

Artificial reload: 0 %

Saline intrusion: 0%

Confirmed impact: 53.48 % groundwater masses Probable impact: 22.41 % groundwater masses No impact: 24.11 % groundwater masses

Conductivity Nitrates Inclusion in the groundwater masses with salinization or excessive exploitation problems catalogue Ground levels

PROTECTED AREAS: Non Applicable


Sicily


SURFACES’ WATER:

Rivers: Urban and industrial wastewater Organic pollutants, chemical pollutants. BOD, COD, TSS, Pesticide; metals

Lakes: Agricultural non point source Nitrate concentration, pesticide run-off. Nitrate, pesticide


Agricultural non point source, farming, urban wastewater, landfill, abandoned landfills, shellfish.

Nitrate concentration;

Anoxia caused by intensive shellfish culture. Nitrate, pesticide

Coastal waters: Discharges existing of various nature and origin

Excessive quantity of pollutants received from watercourses and from urban sewage system;

Reduction of the amount of oxygen.

Nitrogen quantity per unit length of coastline distinguished by the type of source and the catchment area

Phosphorus quantity per unit length of coastline distinguished by the type of source and the catchment area

T / year of Biochemical oxygen demand per unit length of coastline distinguished by the type of source and the catchment area

GROUNDWATERS:

Water extractions from aquifers for civil, industrial, irrigation uses, etc.;

Widespread pollutant loads from zootechnical, agricultural, domestic (without sewerage), uncultivated soil leaching and atmospheric deposition sources;

Concentrated pollutant loads that originate from discharges, landfills, contaminated sites, active and abandoned mining areas.

Lowering of groundwater groundwater levels;

Intrusion of saline wedge in coastal aquifers;

Deterioration trend of basic parameters and pollutants concentration, ex D. Lgs. n. 30/2009, in groundwater;

Damages to terrestrial ecosystems directly dependent on groundwater bodies;

Annual volume extracted for civil, industrial, irrigation uses, etc. from wells and springs;

Discharges extracted for civil, industrial, irrigation uses, etc. from wells and springs;

Temporal trend of groundwater groundwater level;

Temporal trend of spring discharges;

Temporal trend of basic parameters and pollutants concentration, ex D. Lgs. n. 30/2009, in groundwater;

Annual trophic loads (N, P) for each significant groundwater body.

PROTECTED AREAS:

Areas to support fish life and

Agriculture, farming, urban settlement, urban

Organic pollutants, Chemical pollutants, Nitrate concentration.

BOD, COD, metals, Nitrate


areas to support shellfish life: waste water; waste water treatment plants, landfills


Province of Lucca


SURFACES’ WATER: The complete list is in the WMA survey

document

Rivers:

1. Treatment plants and areas with no sewerage;

2. Industrial Areas; IPPC plants; NO-IPPC plants;

3. Quarries and processing/crushing plants of materials used in construction;

4. Nitrate Vulnerable Zones for agricultural and farmland;

5. dumping ground and contaminated sites; 6. Significant abstraction and diversion from

the River Serchio; 7. Morphological alterations of rivers and

dams; 8. Plants for hydroelectric energy

production (ENEL plants and mini-hydro plants).

1. BOD5, COD, dispersion nutrients (eutrophication);

2. Pollution from toxic substances; 3. oil pollution and toxic substances, water

pollution from run-off, altered stream morphology, alteration of habitats and biodiversity;

4. BOD5, COD, dispersion nutrients, phosphorus, nitrogen, toxic;

5. pollution; 6. decrease of M.D.V., alteration of habitats

and biodiversity, change in hydraulic regime;

7. alteration of biodiversity, eutrophication, decrease of natural flooding areas;

8. alteration of habitats and biodiversity, flow rate change, morphology change, change in hydraulic regime;

9. change in water quality

Nutrient: Nitrates (N-nitric), Nitrites (N-nitrous), Ortophosphate, N-total, N-ammoniacal, P-total Priority substances: Insecticides, herbicides (organochlorine, chlorotriazine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH, solid hydrocarbon, DDT and its compounds), Pb, Me, Ni, Cd and its compounds Non-priority substances: Insecticides, herbicides (organochlorine, HCH, organophosphates, synthetic organochlorine, DDT and its compounds), Al, As, Cr, Zn, Cu and its compounds

Lakes:

1. Industrial Areas; IPPC plants; NO-IPPC plants;

2. Treatment plant; 3. Silica sand quarries and processing plants

and aggregate crushing plants; 4. Nitrate Vulnerable Zones for agricultural

and farmland; 5. Dumping ground and contaminated sites; 6. Diversions for irrigation; 7. Morphological alterations; 8. Saltwater intrusion.

1. Pollution from toxic substances; 2. BOD5, COD, dispersion nutrients

(eutrophication) 3. oil pollution and toxic substances, water

pollution from run-off, altered stream morphology, alteration of habitats and biodiversity;

4. BOD5, COD, dispersing nutrients, phosphorus, nitrogen, toxic substances;

5. pollution; 6. MDV reduction, biodiversity and habitat

alteration, changes in hydrological

Nutrient: Nitrates (N-nitric), Nitrites (N-nitrous), Ortophosphate, N-total, N-ammoniacal, P-total Dangerous substances: Insecticides, herbicides (organochlorine, chlorotriazine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH, solid hydrocarbon, DDT and its compounds) Conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen.


Province of Lucca


regime; 7. change in biodiversity, eutrophication,

reduction of natural flooding areas; 8. block vertical movement of water,

anaerobic activity.


1. Nitrate Vulnerable Zones for agricultural and farmland;

2. Agricultural areas; 3. Salt-water intrusion.

1. BOD5, COD, dispersing nutrients, phosphorus, nitrogen, toxic substances;

2. BOD5, COD, nutrients, phosphorus, nitrogen, toxic substances;

3. block vertical movement of water, anaerobic activity

Nutrient: Nitrates (N-nitric), Nitrites (N-nitrous), Ortophosphate, N-total, N-ammoniacal, P-total Priority substances: Insecticides, herbicides (organochlorine, chlorotriazine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PAH, solid hydrocarbon, DDT and its compounds), Pb, Me, Ni, Cd and its compounds Non-priority substances: Insecticides, herbicides (organochlorine, HCH, organophosphates, synthetic organochlorine, DDT and its compounds), Al, As, Cr, Zn, Cu and its compounds

Coastal waters: 1. Treatment plants and areas with no sewerage

BOD5, COD, dispersion nutrients (eutrophication)

GROUNDWATERS:

1. Quarries 2. Dumping ground and contaminated sites; 3. Areas with no sewerage; 4. Areas vulnerable to nitrates from agricultural sources, agricultural areas, industrial areas, urban areas; 5. Overexploitation for drinking, irrigation, industrial use; 6. Salt-water intrusion.

1. Oil pollution and toxic substances, pollution from water run-off;

2. Pollution from toxic substances; 3. BOD5, COD, nutrient losses; 4. Lowering groundwater level, increased

pollutant concentrations, 5. Subsidence; 6. Undrinkable water

Nitrates, As, Cd, Pb, Me, ammonium, chlorides, sulphates, chlorinated hydrocarbon (TCE), PERC, chlorotriazine and its compounds.

PROTECTED AREAS: As above As above As above

*types of pressures and impacts should be reported in percentage relation to type of water body ** to list the parameters used


11. Analysis water status -3-

ESTABLISHMENT AND OPERATION OF A MONITORING PROGRAMME OF WATER BODIES S= SOURVEILLANCE - O= OPERATIVE - Q= QUANTITATIVE R= RIVER – L= LAKE – TW= TRANSITIONAL WATER – CW= COASTAL WATER - -GW= GROUDWATER

NAME OF PARTNER

Monitoring program of WFD number of control point

Monitoring program of UE DIRECTIVES

Other monitoring program

R L TW CW GW R L TW CW GW

R L TW CW GW

“Water district 10” of Greece

Central Water Directorate, within the framework of WFD Art. 8, indicate to the Water Directorate of RCM a number of sampling sites (2009), which are going to be part of the National Monitoring Programme for Greece. These sampling sites cover all different types of Water Bodies (Surface, Groundwater, Coastal, Transitional and Protected Areas). NO DATA ABOUT THE NUMBER OF CONTROL POINT AND THE LOCATION

“Water district” of

Cyprus

19 S 12 O

10 S 1 O

--- 12 S 4 O

84 S 69 O 84 Q

Province of Granada ICA Network

no data about the number of control point and the location

--- --- 171 control

point

Sicily 235 S 65 O

25 S 9 O

20 S 53 S 12 O

493 Q

Province of Lucca)

28 S 7 O 6 Q

1 S 2 O 2 Q

1 S 1 Q

1 S 1 O 1 Q

26 S 75 O 25 Q

Monitoring program of Region for Water Protection Plan (PTA-Serchio River Basin) whit:

2 point for drinking water

16 section for fish-life

1 section for shell-fish-life

12 points (2 section) for bathing waters

Monitoring program of Region for Water Protection Plan (PTA-Serchio River Basin) It is a monitoring program for quality, chemical and quantitative status. Network: 10 points for rivers 4 points for lakes 3 section for coastal waters Experimental monitoring of Province of Lucca and ARPAT (index: EBI, EPI-D, IBMR, FRI) Extended Biotic Index (EBI) for benthic macroinvertebrates, Eutrophication and Pollution Index of diatomic (EPI-D) for diatoms; Index Macrophytique Biologique en Rivière (IBMR) for Aquatic Macrophytes. An an environmental indicator, functional river index (FRI)


12. Analysis of the public participation activities in water management

“Water district 10” of Greece The Water Districts Management Plans, in parallel with the implementation of the other national obligations, have been announced at the end of 2010 and are under compilation and consultation. Public Participation National actions, based on the provisions of WFD, have not being yet implemented in Greece. Public Consultation activities, based on the previsions of the WFD, took place during the implementation of LIFE Water Agenda in the Pilot Basin of Anthemountas. Aim of this process has been the development of an integrated water resources management policy and the achievement of social consensus that will lead to the formulation of a social local agreement on water resources management. The projects outcomes and particularly the developed water offer and demand scenarios were the key elements for the formation of the water policy. The main events and actions of the process were:

10. Information of social partners of the basin district and of the greater area, in order to achieve their active participation in the process, through implementation of the 1st and 2nd open fora and the use of dissemination and communication tools. The interested parties and the citizens of the area were participate in a deliberation committee for the formation of an integrated water management policy for the basin.

11. Consultation and active involvement of the local society in the PP process and in the decision making, for formation of the water policy and of the water protocol, trough participation in the three open meetings (forums) and six meetings of the deliberation committee

12. Formation of a water policy and of water protocol for the management of water resources in Anthemountas basin district.


“Water District” of Cyprus Consultation Phases A, B and C in accordance with Articles 14(1)(a) and14(1)(b) and 14(1)(c) of the WFD, accordingly, have been implemented in Cyprus. During the first phase, the public was being informed while expressing its opinions and comments openly on the “Timetable and Work

Schedule Report for the Elaboration of the River Basin Management Plan (RBMP)”, whereas during the second phase the public was informed and expressed its opinions and comments / observations concerning the “Significant Water Management Issues Report”. During the third phase the public was actively consulted on the Draft River Basin Management Plan, along with the Draft Programme of Measures, the Draft Drought Management Plan and the Revision of Water Policy . Consultation Phase A started in April 2nd 2007 and for a period of six months (until September 28th 2007), in accordance with Article 14(1)(a) of the WFD, the public was being informed while expressing its opinions and comments openly on the “Timetable and Work Schedule Report for the Elaboration of the River Water Basin Management Plan (RWBMP)”. The aim of this Phase was to provide the public and related stakeholders, with a review of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) as well as of the activities scheduled for the development of the RBMP. Consultation Phase B started in December 2007 (3/12/2007) for a period that lasted longer than 7 months (until 17/7/2008), in accordance with Article 14(1)(b) of the WFD. During this Phase, the public was informed and expressed its opinions and comments / observations concerning the “Significant Water Management Issues Report”. The main goal in this Phase, was to conduct consultation meetings with stakeholders and the public on Significant water management issues. Consultation Phase C started in May 2010 and for a period of six months (until 30

th November 2010), in accordance with Article 14(1)(c) of the WFD. During this Phase, the public

was Informed on the Draft River Basin Plan and was actively involved on the formulation of the Programme of Measures.


Province of Granada The Spanish legislation defines the reach and contents of the required documents for participation. In particular, in the beginning of the planning process, it requires the production of a document named “Public Participation Project”, which explains the required reach and processes for appropriate information, query, and participation throughout the process. This document will be publicly available, along with the other two initial

documents of the process (“Query Programme, Calendar, and Forms” and “District General Study”) for six month subject to any claims. Public participation levels, in accordance whit WFD, have been implemented in Guadalquivir River Basin whit the following documents:

Information, query, and public participation in the Guadalquivir river basin planning process.

Guadalquivir River Basin District general study summary.

Hydrological plan advertisement.

Hydrological plan poster.

Important aspects schedule brochure. The public query of the hydrological planning documents is developed in paragraph 74 of the Hydrological Plan Regulation. The public query must be carried out on the following documents, in six month as the minimum:

Query programme, calendar, and forms.

Public participation project.

River basin district general study.

Provisional important aspects schedule.

Hydrological plan project. Except for the last one, all the other documents have been publicly queried in Spain (term already due). The query process has been complemented with informative documents, conferences, and workshops to promote individuals' participation. The public query results have been included in a report which belongs to the planning process For the Guadalquivir river basin, there have been two query stages: First stage: The documents have been subject to public query from the 26th of July, 2007, until the 26th of January, 2008. Second stage: The documents have been subject to public query from the 31st of July, 2008, until the 31st of January, 2009. Up to September, 2010, there are no documents under public query. Active participation in the planning process means involvement in the decision-making process, relative to the hydrological planning, of the traditionally concerned parties as well as of a wider representation of society, beyond legal requirements related to public query. The river basin authority will promote the active participation of the concerned parties in the planning process. In the Guadalquivir river basin, there have been 15 workshops and conferences on public participation


Sicily The management plan in accordance with law 13/2009 has been defined on the basis of existing plans. In the case of Sicily, the management plan was drafted under the water conservation plan and the regional plan for the hydrogeological risk prevention. For this reason are

described in the following public participation activities carried out specifically for the management plan together with those for water protection plan and the regional plan for the hydrogeological risk prevention. MANAGEMENT PLAN 3 forums were organized in order to share the draft river basin management plan with citizens, and stakeholders and to update the framework and cognitive maps. Finally " Proposed Plan " was approved by the regional government. According to the Legislative Decree 152/2006, which transposes Directive 2000/60/EC, the management plan must be reviewed with principles of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) before its approval. The consultation process planned for the SEA was integrated with the consultation measures already adopted. WATER PROTECTION PLAN Several promotional tools and communication which has been used to promote the Water Protection Plan: participation in conferences and fairs; formal invitation letters and e-mail; enrolment forms, DVD of the documents; Web site, press releases; advertising posters, self-supporting posters, billboards and brochures, questionnaires, survey comments and suggestions. 16 public interventions was organized in the region in order to inform participants about the progress of the Plan with the involvement of the following stakeholders: Public sector managers well water, public bodies involved in the PTA at various levels (provincial and municipal bodies, etc. ..), the regional environmental authorities, business associations; environmental groups, trade union bodies; Ass of stakeholders (eg farmers, etc. ..), Universities and Research Institutions; social voluntary associations and No Profit associations, Professional Associations, citizens' committee, citizens. Subsequently the results and the program of assistance from the PTA were presented to all the stakeholders in the 9 meetings held in the region. The first activity has been to set up a technical table in order to describe the quality status of water bodies. Later, this body has considered the comments to the draft plan. The text of the PTA, Integrated Technical changes approved by the Table, was finally approved by the regional government and published in the Official Gazette of the Sicilian Region, including in the press giving notice in newspapers with wide regional spread. Authorities and associations consulted are shown below: regional and provincial authorities involved in the well water, drinking water system operators-irrigated; research organizations and university institutions dealing with water systems and the aquifers and surface groundwater; managers of parks and natural reserves, business associations and Category, environmental, Volunteers, Professional Associations. REGIONAL HYDROGEOLOGICAL RISK PREVENTION PLAN During the drafting plan planning conferences and a series of public meetings were organized in order to disseminate the principles of integrated management of the coastal strip. In order to promote coordination between the various planning instruments and land management and between different institutions and players involved, it was organized the technical seminar "The Natura 2000 network in Sicily: water management. The aim was to provide an opportunity to compare the institutional representatives present at the round table, with an invitation to reflect on current government policies of land and water bodies and future prospects in Sicily. In addition to meetings with citizenship aimed at a wider spread of the existence of tools for planning of water resources, the path to the drafting of this plan provided for public consultation through the publication of the plan on the Gazette and subsequent opportunity to make comments or / or additions to the published literature.


Province of Lucca In implementation of the WFD, the Public Participation has been implemented in the Water Management Plan of Serchio River Basin, through the three levels with increasing public involvement

The tool used to ensure access to information was the relevant section on the website of the Authority (http://www.autorita.bacinoserchio.it/pianodigestione).

Were also used other communication tools as press releases, thematic public meetings on significant issues and forums.

There are two types of public participation: PP for SEA Water Management Plan (opportunity to make comments on the Environmental Report) PP in the formation of Water Management Plan (opportunity to influence the WM Plan and its procedures whit forums and surveys on -line)

Implementation of the PP process in SEA: 1. PRELIMINARY REPORT by River Authority: identifying the contents of the environmental report and the possible impacts on the environment 2. FIRST CONSULTATION on the preliminary report 3. Editing of Environmental Report (part of the WM Plan) by River Authority 4. POPULARIZATION AND CONSULTATIONS of the environmental report: the parties involved and the interested public speaking with written observations (60 days). 5. COMMUNICATION to Ministry of Environment. (Competent Authority): evaluation of the WM Plan and Environmental Report. ENVIRONMENTAL COMPATIBILITY ADVICE. 6. INFORMATION on Environmental Advice. 7. MONITORING: it ensures the control of significant environmental impacts and verify the achievement of objectives.

Implementation of the PP process in WM Plan: Consultation and participation procedures during 9 months (March - December 2009). The participation’s tools were:

4 Forums 2 public thematic meetings for deepening focal topics surveys on –line private comments

The training WM Plan has been helped by various organizations and institutions. With them have made several technical meetings for the identification of water bodies, their quality and risk status and the definition of the program of measures At the end of the process of public participation has been edited a Summary Report hat contains the following elements:

Changes occurred to the WM Plan Draft Version in the process of "dynamic participation"; The comments and reasons for acceptance / rejection of the suggestions ; The opinion of the Technical Committee of the EIA and SEA in the Ministry of Environment; Changes to the WM Plan resulting from comments and suggestions received.

http://www.autorita.bacinoserchio.it/pianodigestione


13. Economic Analysis

“Water district 10” of Greece An initial study regarding the economic analysis of water uses and the cost recovery of water services (implementation of Art. 5 of WFD), elaborated for all Water Districts in Greece. The principle of “Cost recovery” refers to the total amount to be paid by consumers for water services. According to the article 9 of the Directive, the total cost includes apart from the financing cost of providing services, the environmental costs that are related with the degradation of underground waters and the opportunity cost (cost of natural resources) that are related to the distribution of water in the individual uses. This specific analysis for each Water District contains the following tasks:

Investigation of the socio-economic conditions (geographical area, population, population distribution in areas of employment). Presentation of water demand in each sector (potable water supply, irrigation, industry) and estimation of the changes in the future water demand. Calculation of water supply cost recovery. Calculation of irrigation cost recovery. Calculation of industrial use cost recovery. Estimation of the supply financial cost of drinking and irrigation water. Estimation of environmental costs and distribution to various uses. Estimation n of natural resources cost for Districts with deficient hydrological water balance. Determination of cost recovery rate in water supply and irrigation but also for the whole economy.

More over, an economic analysis developed for the Pilot River Basin Anthemountas, within the framework of LIFE project (LIFE04/ENV/GR/000099) assessed the degree of cost recovery. The overall methodological approach for the development of cost recovery and pricing policies for water service provision was formulated in two discrete but interrelated levels: (a) the River Basin level (b) the water service providers’ level. The analysis assessed the degree of cost recovery taking into account the following cost parameters:

1. The annual costs (operating and maintenance costs and other expenses), the recovery of which is the main objective of pricing policy. 2. The overall financial cost, including the cost of capital

In most cases, Water Service Enterprises (municipal or private), in order to determine their water policy and tariffs, follow the first method. However there is a lack of an integrated economic analysis in absolute compliance with the provisions of WFD applied in Central Macedonia.


“Water District” of Cyprus The economic analysis described in this report, is based on the requirements of Article 5 of the WFD and consists of two main parts:

The cost recovery of water services; The economic characterisation of water uses, the future trends, measures and activities for enhancement of information and knowledge base.

The cost recovery of water services is analysed for different users, by considering storage and main transportation, distribution, sewage collection, waste water treatment, and the environmental and resource cost. The water services analysed are:

Freshwater provision to domestic uses (households, industry and tourism) and irrigation through the Government Water Works, administered by the Water Development Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment of Cyprus;

Urban Waste Water collection and treatment by the Sewerage Boards of Lemesos-Amathous, Pafos, Ayia Napa and Paralimni and Larnaka; Recycled water supply to irrigation through the Government Water Works.

Regarding the economic characterisation of water uses, the analysis is carried out for the different types of users. Firstly, a review of the water services is provided, portraying the historical background of water resources management in the country, referring the recent trends concerning water supply and describing the administration and the policy framework that governs the use of the water resources in the country. The economic characterisation of water uses begins with a global overview of productive activities in Cyprus, in terms of economic trends. Then, an assessment of the economic significance of the major water uses is held (domestic sector, tourism, agriculture, industry, landscape irrigation), using data concerning not only the water consumption, but also the production of pollution loads by the various activities. Additionally, an effort for the assessment of trends of key climatic and socio-economic drivers that are likely to affect pressures on water bodies is made. Another aim of the economic analysis is to provide a preliminary selection of appropriate instruments and measures that could be applied for the river basin district of Cyprus. With respect to the characterisation of the river basin district, the most important economic sector in Cyprus is currently the tertiary sector, both in terms of output (76.4 % of the GDP in 2004), and employment (72.1% in 2004). The tertiary sector is currently the most dynamic economic sector, exhibiting an upward trend, expected to continue in the next years. However, demand for domestic use currently constitutes only 25% of the total. Agriculture presents a decreasing economic importance, both in terms of economic output and employment (3.9 % of the GDP, 7% of the total employment in 2004). However, agriculture, and especially irrigation, remains one of the major water consuming sectors in Cyprus, accounting for 69% of the total water demand. Domestic use and agriculture (crop irrigation) are the two major water-consuming sectors in Cyprus. The total annual water demand in Cyprus for the year 2000 was estimated at 265.9 million m3. Agriculture is the main user with 182.4 million m3 (both irrigation and animal husbandry), 69% of the total water demand. During the same period, total domestic demand, for supplying both households and tourism, and including conveyance and distribution losses, was estimated at 25% of the total water (i.e. 67.5 million m3). Landscape irrigation demand accounts for 14 million m3/yr, i.e. 5% of the total amount. Finally, industry used the lowest volume of water that did not exceed 3.5 million m3 (1% of the total).


Province of Granada The Guadalquivir river basin has an area of 57,527 Km2 and a population over 4.2 million people in 476 towns. According to the river basin district hydrological plan, the renewable natural resources are 7,230 Hm3/year, while the estimated gross consumption for 2002 was 3,583 Hm3/year (49.5 percent of renewable resources), and the estimation for 2015 is 3,788 (52.4 percent). This "gross consumption" does not include the demand which may

be covered with return, recycle, and reuse flows (these trends need a detailed analysis). In as far as the consumption per industry, agriculture, livestock, and fishing rank in the top position (88 percent), followed by domestic and municipal consumption (10 percent) and the industry sector (2 percent). Agriculture consumes 88 percent of the resource while it generates 6.6 percent of GVA, although it accounts for approximately 12 percent of the river basin employment. Additionally, the agricultural industry is the most important subordinate industrial sector, with 22 percent of industrial employment and 30 percent of GVA. An area of 652,867 ha (23 percent of cultivated area) is irrigated and it is expected to increase. Olive trees are the most widespread crops, both irrigated and no-irrigated. We must bear in mind the new modern irrigation systems, most of which present localised irrigation. Performance increase through modernization does not result in sufficient savings so as to compensate the increase of irrigated areas. Total industrial activity in 2002 in the Guadalquivir River Basin District accounted for 6,876 million Euros (15 percent of GVA) with 177,000 jobs and an consumption of 86 hm3 (2 percent). The estimated industrial consumption for 2015 is 111.5 hm3 (3 percent of the total consumption and an increase of 30 percent in comparison with 2002). Tourism pressure with 6 percent of GVA and employment is limited to 0.25 of water consumption (estimated 0.5 percent in 2015).


Sicily The economic analysis contains information in order to: (a) make the relevant calculations necessary for taking into account, under Article 9 of the Water Framework Directive, the principle of recovery of the

costs of water services, taking account of long term forecasts of supply and demand for water in the river basin district and, where necessary: estimates of the volume, prices and costs associated with water services, and estimates of relevant investment including forecasts of such investments;

(b) make judgements about the most cost-effective combination of measures in respect of water uses to be included in the programme of measures under Article 11 based on estimates of the potential costs of such measures. In the economic analysis the total cost of water is composed of both financial costs and those environmental and resource costs, ie costs related to both environmental effects of "use of water (externalities) that the" shadow price "of same, ie the benefit from the best alternative use over time. The first phase of the study has described the "current structure of the water system of Sicily, identifying the division into sectors according to the custom prevailing resources, describing the stock of infrastructure, the pattern of flows of resource exchanged between the tasks until the final repayment of natural water bodies, the "institutional structure of the branches, the pattern of cash flows The study of the financial costs was conducted for both multi sectoral system, ie the financial costs of "water for multiple uses, and particularly for the civil, irrigation and industrial. The analysis of the financial costs of the service in Sicily was carried out using two different approaches because of the existence of a contract that governs the relationship between franchisor and franchisee, chosen on the basis of a competitive process, whether to grant a third of public-private joint enterprise. the first category includes all contracts relating to the civil sector, namely those Siciliacque and ATO operators of water, although these have been identified at present in 6 areas of 9, as it is not yet completed the procedure in the provinces of Messina, Ragusa and Trapani. The second hand includes the following estimates of their infrastructure managed directly by "Region, the Authority for land reclamation and Authority for areas of industrial development.


Province of Lucca The economic analysis was edited for WM Plan of Serchio River Basin in accordance with the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment (MATTM). The analysis includes:

initial evaluation of the actual cost recovery economic analysis to identify the program of measures actions to be undertaken in the next program of measures

The evaluation of cost recovery of water services have been referred to: - basin planning documents, for the territorial framework - the documentation available at the Lucca Chamber of Commerce, for economic trends - for water uses analysis, the informations was collected by: Land Reclamation Consortium of Versilia-Massaciuccoli, Land Reclamation Consortium Auser-Bientina (for

agricultural use), Association of Industrialists (for industrial use); Gaia S.p.a., Geal S.p.a, Acque S.p.a., Province of Lucca, Province of Pisa, ATO 1, 2 ATO, ATO 5 (for civil use ); Serchio Basin Authority and ENEL (for energy use)

In reference to water withdrawal it highlight a significant disparity between the sectors of water uses. Most of the use, almost 60%, is attributable to the civil sector, while the remainder is equally distributed between industry (18.7%) and agriculture (22%). The sectors are highly differentiated in terms of contribution to value added area. Considering only the industrial sector (not services) and the irrigation sector is highlighted the marked difference in value added per unit of water used in agriculture and industry (4 €/mc versus 139 €/mc). But the data derive from very aggregate sources, while water use applies only to very specific sub-sectors and industry, and agriculture. As a result, estimates of the added value they contain, both for agriculture, for industry, a component of error. Therefore it is not possible that these values are directly used for policy decisions allocation between sectors, requiring more detailed information of territories and sectors, which was not possible. The economic analysis has been formulated in the following phases: a) preliminary analysis of the measures; b) identification of the types of measures and theoretical and methodological tools; c) editing of a qualitative schedule for measures; d) computation of measures costs; e) computation of the benefits; f) Comparison of the CBA. The amount of benefits was calculated by estimating the "willingness to pay " for improving levels of quality of water by households. The amount of costs has been calculated using an estimate of the following items: investment costs, operating costs, administrative costs, no water environmental costs, financial costs, capital costs.

CONCLUSION Water uses in the River District are divided between different sectors. In the district are recorded critical situation localized geographically or delimited in the individual sectors. Most of critical situation have been analyses in the economic analysis. The charging’s system for water services provided by the operators, even if it is consistent with the principles of the WFD, is still limited in terms of cost recovery. For water services, the worst case is that of irrigation water use, for which the tariff system, while remaining compatible with the national legislation is not fully geared to saving criteria. In view of the low productivity of water in the irrigation sector and the difficulties of the sector, it would take appropriate assessments for the economic viability of systems for water saving. The situation of water "self services” by users (collection and disposal wastewater) is potentially critical, the actual information are substantially inadequate.


At present, is impossible to calculate the environmental cost and resource. The critical situations shown in the documents of WM Plan, indicate the need for a specific assessment of the overall costs of recovery costs and a proper evaluation of the measures. Due to lacking information and short timing of the process drafting of the plan for the basin, the evaluation of the measures was made in a partial and only qualitative.


14. Pricing Policies

1. Agriculture

ACTORS TYPES OF CHARGING COMPONENTS’ COST COSTS


The competent authority for

irrigation water charging is the

Local Organisations for Land

Reclamation under the

supervision of Ministry of

Agricultural Development.

The method of charging rarely considers

the water consumption but usually the

irrigated area. Different water tariffs

applied all over Greece. The prices

presented are indicative.

In the majority of water pricing

only the operating and

maintenance costs are the

components of charging.

In open surface irrigation networks

the mean price is 150 €/Ha.

In close (under pressure) irrigation

networks the mean price is 200 €/Ha.

“Water District” of Cyprus

Water Development Department

Water is metered for all users in regular

intervals every two months and the

charge is applied per cubic meter.

All costs are included in the cost

and are being under revision

Irrigation : €0,16- €0,17/m3 (water

resource through the Government

Water Works)

Irrigation: €0,05-0,07m3 (Recycled

water)

Province of Granada Andalusian Water Agency,

irrigation groups

In most the cases, farmers pay a fee for

hectares, regardless of the type of crop,

and water quantity used, which is a

paradox, because crops with less water

consumption have a larger cost for this

resource

There is not a real relationship

between the cost for supplying

water to plots of land and the

price paid by farmers, so it affects

the economy negatively. For

instance, in some cases, a farmer

using 10,000 litres per hectare

pays the same as a farmer using

5,000 litres; it only depends on the

crop area

price ranges between 0.035 and 0.045

€/m3

Sicily Authorities For Land Reclamation fee payment operative costs

The cost of water varies in the region

in relation to each Reclamation

Authority.

The cost at the regional level

fluctuates from a minimum of 0.13

€/m³ and a maximum of 6 €/m³.

The fees charged by the Reclamation

Authorities do not guarantee coverage

costs.

Tariffs cover costs as a percentage of a

minimum of 8% of the cost to a


ACTORS TYPES OF CHARGING COMPONENTS’ COST COSTS maximum of 45% of the cost.

Cover the remainder of the cost of

water is guaranteed by the Sicilian

Region, which provides an annual

contribution to each Authority

Province of Lucca

Province of Lucca

Annual fee. Public water utilities are

subject to payment of an annual fee,

whose amount is determined by the

Provincial Administration. The amount of

the annual fee is recalculated every four

years.

The cost is determined in relation

to the use and quantity of water

granted.

The fee is 25.76 Euro/year for

consumption of 1,300,000 m3. In this

minimum you add a variable fee based

on consumption (1 module = 100 l /

sec).

AATO

Tariff . The charge system is very complex

and is calculated on the basis of

consumption but also by characteristics

of the costumer. Facilities are provided

by income.

The reference fee is calculated by

a formula containing the following

cost components: operative costs,

amortization costs, enumeration

of invested capital, inflation rate,

price limit. Arithmetically

calculated reference fee is the

base for decide the real fee which

is decided by AATO basis on

quantity and quality of water

resource and water service.

Fixed part (single): 49.85 Euro/year.

Variable part (average): 3 Euro/m3.


2. Domestic use

ACTORS TYPES OF CHARGING COMPONENTS’ COST COSTS


Thessaloniki Water Supply

And Sewage co. (EYATH s.a.),

and Municipal Enterprises of

Water Supply and Sewerage

(D.E.Y.A.)

Water consumption is metered for all

users in regular intervals (it depends

from the water enterprise) and the

charge is applied per cubic meter. The

water tariffs consist from a fixed part

and a tariff per block of consumption

(scale structured charging). The tariffs

defer among the enterprises and

moreover, there is different charging

among water users from the same

enterprise considering social criteria.

In the following tables the tariffs of

EYATH s.a is presented as an example.

The pricing policy of water Supply

enterprises, aims at the ensuring of

the recovery of the operational cost

and rarely at a reasonable return of

the investments.

Up to 10 m3 0,47 €/m3

11 - 30 m3 0,65 €/m3

31 - 60 m3 0,74 €/m3

61 - 120 m3 1,18 €/m3

121 - 180 m3 2,42 €/m3

Over 180 m3 4,03 €/m3

Average price 1,56 €/m3

“Water District” of

Cyprus

Water Development

Department, City Water

Boards, Local Authorities

Water is metered for all users in

regular intervals every two months

and the charge is applied per cubic

meter.

All costs are included in the cost and

are being under revision

Larnaca City €0,42-€2,54/m3

Aradhippou €0,94-€2,50/m3

Communities €0,42-€2,54/m3

Livestock: €0,62/m3

Province of Granada Local entities, Water supply

companies

Water price per m3 for domestic use

differs depending on the town of the

province and the water supply

management system

The target of water supply

companies pricing policies is to

recover service provision costs. The

cost components are: Fixed fee

according to the water meter type,

variable rates per m3, fees for

sewage and treatment, fees for use

and depletion of sewage treatment

plants and occasionally levies due to

extraordinary circumstances

(drought and improvement of

Up to 8 m3 0,3985 €/m³

8 - 16 m3 1,1401 €/m³

16 - 30 m3 1,6020 €/m³

+ 30 m3 1,8980 €/m³


infrastructures).

Sicily TYPES OF CHARGING COMPONENTS’ COST COSTS

Sicily AATO

tariff

In the civil sector the rate varies for

each ATO. The rate includes the

sewage service and the wastewater

service.

Each Authority of ATO applies a tariff

from a base value and grow in

relation to higher consumption of

water

operating costs, investments

The fare ranges from a

minimum value of 0,80 € /

m³ and a maximum value of

1,55 € / m³.

The tariff for consumption

bands greater reach a

maximum of 2,75 €/m³.

Province of Lucca

Province of Lucca no charging for domestic boreholes no cost

AATO

Tariff (Real Media tariff TRM). The

tariff system is very complex and is

calculated on the basis of

consumption but also by

characteristics of the user. Facilities

are provided by income.

The reference fee is calculated by a

formula containing the following


amortization costs, enumeration of

invested capital, inflation rate, price

limit. Arithmetically calculated

reference fee is the base for decide

the real fee which is decided by

AATO basis on quantity and quality

of water resource and water service.

Fixed part (single): 21.85

Euro/year.

Variable part (average): 1.55

€/m³.


3. Industry

PARTNER ACTORS TYPES OF CHARGING COMPONENTS’ COST COSTS


Thessaloniki Water Supply

And Sewage co. (EYATH s.a.),

Local Organizations of land

Reclamation and industries’

private boreholes

The prices are indicative and applied

only in cases where EYATH provides

water for industrial use.

In other cases industries are provided

with water from the local network,

with zero prices where Local

Organizations of land Reclamation are

in charge. There are also industries

which use their own boreholes.

When the water provider is EYATH

the components’ cost are operating

and depreciation cost. In the case of

private boreholes industries incur

only with their operational and

maintenance cost.

Average price 0,67 €/m3


Water Development

Department, City Water

Boards, Local Authorities

Water is metered for all users in

regular intervals every two months

and the charge is applied per cubic

meter.

All costs are included in the cost and

are being under revision €1,13-€1,54/m3

Province of Granada Local entities, Water supply

companies

In some towns, industries get water

from the local network with water

prices for urban supply. Also, some

industries use their own wells

The target of water supply

companies pricing policies is to

recover service provision costs.

Up to 70 m3 0,6397 €/m³

+70 m3 1,0092 €/m³

Sicily Authorities For Industrial

Development Areas tariff Operating costs

The annual costs of water management in the industrial sector vary for each Authority ASI and range from a minimum of 0.1 € / m³ and a maximum of 5,80 € / m³. Even in industrial sector the tariffs charged by Authorities ASI does not cover the cost of service. In some cases the


PARTNER ACTORS TYPES OF CHARGING COMPONENTS’ COST COSTS rate is only 3% of the cost of the service.

Province of Lucca

Province of Lucca Annual fee

The cost is determined in relation to

the use and quantity of water

granted. In the case of industrial use

the fee is calculated in relation to

the annual volume of procurement.

The minimum fee is 2.177,08

Euro/year for a consumption

of 3.000.000 m3. You add a

fee in relation to

consumption (1 module =

3.000.000 m3/year).

AATO

Tariff. The tariff system is very

complex and is calculated on the basis

of consumption but also by

characteristics of the user. Facilities

are provided by income.

The reference fee is calculated by a

formula containing the following


amortization costs, enumeration of

invested capital, inflation rate, price

limit. Arithmetically calculated

reference fee is the base for decide

the real fee which is decided by

AATO basis on quantity and quality

of water resource and water service.

Fixed part (average): 227,35

Euro/year.

Variable part (average): 2,54

Euro/m3.


4. Other (e.g. electricity)

PARTNER ACTORS TYPES OF CHARGING COMPONENTS’ COST COSTS



Cyprus

Province of Granada

Levy on the use of water and levy on

the occupation of Hydraulic Public

Domain.

Sicily

Province of Lucca

Province of Lucca

WATERWORK




Provincial Administration. The amount

of the annual fee is recalculated every

four years.

The cost is determinate in relation to

the use and quantity of water

granted. The fee is paid by the

Authority Manager of SII and it

amounts to 362.82 Euro per year

which adds a variable fee based on

consumption (1 module = 100 l /

sec).

362.82 € /year + 1.979,16

€/module

Province of Lucca

ELECTRICITY




Provincial Administration. The amount

of the annual fee is recalculated every

four years.

In the case of hydropower

use/driving force the fee is

calculated on the basis of average

annual nominal power granted in

kW.

110,14 € /year + 14,51 €/Kw


15. Water management analysis sectors (lakes, rivers)

Area



Province of Granada Sicily Province of Lucca

Number of actors

National 3 3 2 1 1

Regional 1 3 3 1

Local 1 2 3

Aims

Developmental Prevention of water degradation, provision of water for every use.

Provide sustainably to all people sufficient, clean, healthy and reliable water for domestic and irrigation needs and for the environment.

Prevent water degradation and check there is water availability for all uses.

Avoid waste, increase water treatment and reuse of wastewater for civic uses, not for drinking and industrial uses. Preventing the emergence in the most exposed areas

Environmental Protection and upgrade water resources and protection of biodiversity.

Protect the environment especially downstream of dams.

Protect water resources and biodiversity. Protect riverside vegetation.

Protection and rehabilitation.

Protecting the quality of inland and coastal waters and promoting sustainable use of water resources

Social Protection of water quality and quantity for present and future generations; Social justice in water pricing.

Provide water for every use to improve quality standard of living.

Protect water quality and quantity for present and future generations. Prevent risks and floodings.

Economical Maintain high quality standards with a more economic efficient way.

Manage water in a cost-effective manner.

Recover water costs on different uses. Improvement of the economic performance in water usage

Increase and optimize financial resources for the implementation of water protection measures.

Financing of the objectives defined by the “Piano di Indirizzo Territoriale” (PIT) and PRAA for their implementation; Financing action to protect soil and water conservation; Maintenance of water network.


Tools

Developmental Water management plans; Program of measures; Economic analysis; Measures for confrontation of emergencies.

RBMP, PM, DMP; Operational Manuals; Protection Zones; National Plan for Sustainable Development (2007-2013).

Hydrological river basin water plans, regulation of waste dump conditions, treatment

Water management plan

Environmental Water management plans; Program of measures; Monitoring program; Environmental Assessment studies; Penalties of offenders; Onsite inspections.

RBMP, PM, DMP; Environmental Assessment Studies; Gabions.

Water management plans. Biodiversity management plans. Water quality evaluation and monitoring networks. Environmental impact assessment. On-site inspections. Fines and penalties.

Drawing up protection plan (piano di tutela) and e implementation of provided measures.

Regional Environmental Action Plan (P.R.A.A.); Water Protection plan.

Social Public Participation process; Monitoring program; Water pricing policy; Measures for confrontation of emergencies;

Monitoring Programs for quality of water; Demand management.

Public participation processes. Water pricing policy. Risks and flooding prevention plans

Economical Economic analysis; Efficient Water infrastructures.

Demand management; Program of Measures.

Economic analysis. Efficient hydrological infrastructures in good state. Water pricing policy

European, national and regional funding.

Regional Development Program (P.R.S.); Works plan; Maintenance of watercourses plan


Strong point Good quality and absence of industrial pollution.

Cyprus has extensively developed almost all surface waters with the construction of major dams. Cyprus is progressing with the preparation of the Draft River Basin Plan, the Drought Management Plan, a review of the Water Management Policy and the Strategic environmental assessment.

Development of public participation in the hydrological planning processes. Existence of wide and different water quality evaluation and monitoring networks. Acceptable quality of surface waters

Drafting the Plan for water management in Sicily a process of increasing knowledge and organization of available data has started, in order to answer requirements of Directive CEE/2000/60 and related national transposition laws.

Overall a good quality of rivers

Weaknesses Lack of Management Plans; Incomplete record of quantitative and qualitative data of surface water resources; Incomplete recording of uses and water users and difficulty of coordination between the Competent Authorities; Pollution transferred by the upstream countries; Reduction of the water inflow from the neighborhood countries; High nitrogen pollution.

Even though Cyprus is characterized as one river basin, the government of Cyprus cannot exercise control over 40% of the area due to Turkish occupation. Protection of the environment downstream of dams has not as yet given any priority. Reduction in river run-off due to climate change affects adversely availability of fresh water and decreases dam’s effectiveness.

Existence of vulnerable areas in danger of potential agricultural nitrate contamination. Strong pressure from the built-up of urban areas in the river basin. Existence of residential waste water dumps undergoing no treatment onto surface waters (only 55% of residential waste waters are treated). Inadequate pricing policy for the conservation of water resources. Lack of adequate indicators to estimate pressure impact over water masses: collections, regulation, morphological. Lack of quality data about riverside vegetation. Industrial dumps into the Hydraulic Public Domain.

Knowledge framework about environmental state and pressure source is still inadequate related with the current characterization of river and lake water bodies carried on for the Plan for Sicily water basin district management plan, and with the characterization of their pressure and risk; Some water bodies shows a bad or poor state.

Water consumption in constant growth with an increase in withdraw; Presence of highly polluted lakes and subject to eutrophication and salinization in coastal areas; High pressure due to urban development in some river bank’s areas; Too many actors in this WM sector.


16. Water management analysis sectors (groundwaters)

Area




Number of actors

National 3 3 2 1

Regional 1 1 2 6 1

Local 1 2

Aims

Developmental Prevent deterioration of GW status.

Provide sufficient good quality groundwater for domestic and irrigation needs and for the environment.

Check there is good quantity and quality groundwater available.

Locate at regional scale aquifers more productive and valuable for making use as a strategic reserve in order to meet future water needs and deal with quail-quantitative crisis situations of water sources being exploited; Maintain and improve quality of groundwater intended for human consumption and protect the status of groundwater resources, including those not yet used for human use.

Prevent the steady increase in withdrawals from groundwater

Environmental Prevent and minimize the input of pollutants into GW and the over abstraction.

Protect the environment. Prevent contamination and excessive exploitation of groundwater aquifers

Improve the knowledge on groundwater in Sicily; Guarantee protection and/or remediation of groundwater bodies in order to ensure good chemical and quantitative status of water resource; Maintain and improve quality of groundwater intended for human consumption and protect the status of groundwater resources,

A progressive reduction of pollution levels in order to achieve quality objectives prescribed by law.


including those not yet used for human use.

Social Improve quality standards of ground waters providing adequate and not uncontrolled water quantities.

Provide water of good quality; Improve quality standard of living.

Improve groundwater quality. Locate at regional scale aquifers more productive and valuable for making use as a strategic reserve in order to meet future water needs and deal with quail-quantitative crisis situations of water sources being exploited; Maintain and improve quality of groundwater intended for human consumption and protect the status of groundwater resources, including those not yet used for human use.

Improve groundwater quality.

Economical Maintain high quality standards with a more economic efficient way.

Manage water in a cost-effective manner.

Keep groundwater quality and economic performance

Increase and optimize financial resources for the implementation of water protection measures, including monitoring of groundwater resources.

The funding targets set P.I.T. and P.R.A.A. or their implementation; The financing of measures to protect soil and water conservation.

Tools

Developmental Water management plans; Programme of measures; Economic analysis.

RBMP, PM, DMP; Operational Manuals.

River basin hydrological plans. Measure programmes. Economic analysis.

Identification of safeguard areas, with special reference to groundwater reserve areas (art. 94, comma 8, D. lgs. 152/06); Calculation of available water volumes (reserves) and exploitable water volume (resources); Calculation of hydro geological budgets of aquifers and assessment of quantitative state in relation to present and planned uses

Water management plan; Water Protection plan PTC

Environmental Water management plans; Programme of measures; Monitoring programmes; Environmental Assessment

RBMP, PM, DMP; Environmental Assessment Studies.

Water management plans. Measure programme. Groundwater quality evaluation and monitoring

Revision of groundwater bodies delimitation, completion of their hydro geological characterization, definition of



studies; Penalties of offenders; On site inspections; Water meters installation.

networks. Environmental impact assessment. Fines and penalties. On-site inspections

conceptual models and risk characterization according to D. Lgs. No 30/2009; Surveys, studies and assessments on intrusion of saline wedge in coastal aquifers and on vulnerability of aquifers to pollution; Qualitative and quantitative groundwater monitoring; Planning and implementation of protection measures program to be taken

Social Public Participation process; Monitoring programmes; Water pricing policy,

Studies; RBMP; Monitoring Programs.

Public participation processes. Water pricing policy. Groundwater quality monitoring programmes.

Identification of safeguard areas, with special reference to groundwater reserve areas (art. 94, comma 8, D. lgs. 152/06); Calculation of available water volumes (reserves) and exploitable water volume (resources); Calculation of hydro geological budgets of aquifers and assessment of quantitative state in relation to present and planned uses


Economical Economic analysis; Efficient Water infrastructures; Water meters installation,

PM. Economic analysis of water uses by sector. Water pricing policy. Quality monitoring programmes. Setting of user groups

European, national and regional funding

Regional Development Program (P.R.S.); Works plan;

Strong point Good quality. The Development of the RBMP will provide the framework for achieving good status (quantity and quality) of the groundwater bodies.

Existence of tools for evaluating and monitoring groundwater quality.

In drafting the Water Protection Plan of Sicily a process of growth of knowledge and organization of available data on groundwater was initiated, in order to meet requirements of Directive CEE/2000/60 and related

The authorities have approved the water management plan and water protection plan, which are prerequisites for improve good status of groundwater quality and quantity. Good quality of karts and


national transposition laws, as well as a first groundwater characterization, carried out by INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology )

arenaceous reservoirs in mountain areas.

Weaknesses Opportunistic exploitation of individual water resources, overexploitation of groundwater and lack of responsibility for water saving; Difficulties of groundwater management because of illegal boreholes; Difficulty of coordination between the Competent Authorities; Need for further characterisation and monitoring of Groundwater status; The underground water resources, located in coastal areas have significant salinization, because of the penetration of sea water, which is exacerbated by over-abstraction; Lack of Hydrometers; Lack of private boreholes prising.

Lots of illegal boreholes exist which makes the process of groundwater management very difficult. The responsibility for licensing water abstraction lies with the District Officers while the responsibility for water management is given to the Water Development Department. This makes water management inefficient & ineffective.

More than half of groundwater masses show a confirmed impact. Significant contamination by non-point sources in groundwater masses. Excessive exploitation of groundwater aquifers and existence of nitrate contamination. Aquifer salinization problems. Illegal wells. Lack of adequate indicators to estimate pressure impact over water masses: collections, regulation, morphological.

Groundwater knowledge framework in Sicily is partially deficient in relation to the requirements of D. Lgs. n. 30/2009 (Decree implementing Directive 2006/118/CE) on groundwater bodies identification and characterization. Principal gaps concern delimitation of groundwater bodies, assessment of aquifers dimensions and geometry, characterization of hydro geological parameters and groundwater flow systems, particularly in karts aquifers where preferential water flow occurs, as well as identification of safeguard areas ex art. 94 - D. lgs. 152/06 (with special reference to groundwater reserve areas), calculation of available and exploitable water volumes and calculation of hydro geological balance of aquifers. Also characterization of groundwater bodies risk is missing. Furthermore 28% of groundwater bodies is in poor environmental status.

Progressive deterioration over time of groundwater quality; Presence of groundwater polluted by nitrates and halogenated solvents; Water consumption in constant growth with an increase of withdrawal. Poor quality of coastal aquifer (intrusion of saline waters and high percentage of nitrates) Lucca plain aquifer is water-stressed (WEI> 40%)


17. Water management analysis sectors (transitional and coastal water)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 3 2 1 1

Regional 1 1 4 3

Local 1 1 3 1

Aims

Developmental Pollution reduction and phasing out discharges and losses of contaminants and pollutants.

Achieve healthy and clean coastal waters.

Reduce contamination of coastal and transitional waters

Ensure adequate spatial coverage of marine coastal water monitoring.

Maintain and improve the quality of coastal waters and the sea.

Environmental Protect coastal environment and ecosystems.

Achieve healthy coastal ecosystems.

Preserve coastal ecosystems Increasing knowledge about the presence of alien species that threaten characteristic ecosystems of the Mediterranean.

The protection of coastal water quality through constant monitoring; Reduction of the phenomenon

of salt water intrusion in coastal areas

Social Provide healthy coastal waters. Achieve quality standard of living.

Use quality coastal water in several social activities

Notice to citizens of the state of coastal waters.

Economical Protect coastal waters for tourism and fisheries.

Maintain clean coastal waters cost-effectively.

Protect coastal waters for touristic and fishing activities

Increase and optimize financial resources for the implementation of water protection measures regarding WFD.

Preserve the marine environment, ensure the richness and vitality of its ecosystem, allowing safe bathing and clean to promote tourism and fishing;

Tools

Developmental Water management plans; Spatial planning for tourism; National Contingency plan for

coastal and marine pollution.

PBMP, PM, Monitoring and Inspection Protocols.

Water management plans. Regulations for the protection

of natural areas. Regulations on urban and

industrial waste water.

Implementation of Regional Monitoring Plan according to legislative decree 152/2006.

Regional Environmental Action Plan (P.R.A.A.);

Environmental Water management plans; Program of measures; Monitoring program;

Laboratories & instruments; Monitoring and Inspection

Protocols.

Water management plans. Regulations for the protection

of natural areas.

Implementation of Regional Monitoring Plan according to legislative decree 152/2006;

Regional Environmental Action Plan (P.R.A.A.); Monitoring


Environmental Assessment studies;

Penalties of offenders; On site inspections.

Development plans on natural resources. Management and usage plans

in protected natural areas. Fines and penalties. Environmental impact

assessment.

Monitoring biodiversity.

Social Water management plans; Monitoring program.

Laboratories & instruments; Monitoring and Inspection

Protocols;

Water management plans. Water quality assessment and

monitoring plans.

Achieve full implementation of EU directives and national legislation.

Economical Permits of fisheries; Monitoring program; Spatial planning for tourism.

National budget. Water quality assessment and monitoring plans. Fishing regulations

UE funds. Regional Environmental Action Plan (P.R.A.A.);

Strong point The quality of recreational waters are improved steadily Developed Biodiversity Protection from international

conditions and Bodies

Coastal ecosystems are in good condition.

Acceptable quality of coastal waters. Less sensitive environment

(sea) when faced by the impact caused by waste dumps. Existence of protection plans

for some of the coastal natural areas

In order to meet requirements of Water Framework Directive, regional government has had the possibility to begin a process of growth of knowledge and organization of available data inside the Management Plan.

High percentage of bathing in coastal waters (98% -99%); High quality of coastal waters

(awards from environmental groups).

Weaknesses Decreased ecological flow; Uncontrolled actions of

massive tourism.

Not enough manpower is provided to implement the Directive.

Non-treated waste water dumps. Existence of contamination

episodes of the coastal water due to oil spills. High pressure due to urban

development in coastal areas. Less capacity of the

Mediterranean sea to auto-treat its water (due to its characteristics) in comparison to other more open and dynamic seas.

Regional knowledge framework is incomplete; there are water bodies likely at risk because we need more informations about the real existence of local pressures and impacts and about the risk analysis.

Problems in coastal erosion and intrusion of saline water. High pressure due to urban

development in coastal areas and massive tourism. Too many actors in this sector


18. Water management analysis sectors (protected areas)

Name of partner

“Water district 10” of

Greece



Number of actors

National 2 4 2 1 2

Regional 1 2 5 1

Local 1 1 2

Aims

Developmental Prevention of protected areas degradation.

Sustainable Management of protected areas.

Preservation of protected areas

Ensure the fruition of water for different purposes.

Environmental Achieve good quality of water in protected areas.

Achieve healthy ecosystems. Obtain good quality water of protected areas

Maintaining and/or getting better quality because of owner purpose.

Ensure and promote the conservation and enhancement of the natural heritage of the country; Preservation of biodiversity within

the European Community

Social Improve quality standards for living.

Improve quality standards of living.

Improve water quality standards

Ensure the fruition of water for different purposes.

Exploitation of the region and development of sustainable tourism.

Economical Cost effective protection of protected areas.

Maintain ecosystems cost-effectively.

Cost-effective area protection Enhancement and optimization of resources for implementing measures.

The use of protected areas and traditional economic activities.

Tools

Developmental Special management plans; Programme of measures; Master Plan Koroneia.

Management Plans. Management and preservation of surface waters and groundwater programmes. On-site inspections

Planning and implementing measures.

Environmental Special management plans; Programme of measures

Register of National Protected Areas; Monitoring programmes; Master Plan Koroneia.

Management Plans. Management and preservation of surface waters and groundwater programmes. On-site inspections

Planning and implementing measures, monitoring.

Register of protected areas List sites Natura 2000; Landscape constrain areas; Hydro geological constrain areas.

Social Special management plans; Monitoring programmes.

Management Plans. Management and preservation of surface waters and groundwater

Planning and implementing measures.

The establishment of parks, nature reserves and natural protected areas of local interest;


programmes. On-site inspections

Multi-year plans for economic and social development.

Economical Special management plans. National budget. Management and preservation of surface waters and groundwater programmes. On-site inspections

European, national and regional financial instruments.

Multi-year plans for economic and social development.

Strong point Register of national protected areas; The Register of water

abstraction areas intended for human consumption is going to be straightforward established.

Management Plans are under way for most of the protected areas; No major polluting industries

in Cyprus.

Acceptable quality of consumption waters. Several water collecting

locations for human consumption, both surface waters and groundwater. Several swimming protected

areas. Wide areas protected by the

Natura 2000 Network (LIC and ZEPA).

Management Plans for sites included in “Habitat” directive (92/43/CEE) have been established for inland ones. Increasing knowledge and

organization of available data due to Plan for Water management in Sicily in order to answer requirements of Directive CEE/2000/60 and related national transposition laws.

Register of protected areas; High percentage of surface to be

protected and constraints.

Weaknesses Difficulty of coordination between the Competent Authorities; Lack of Management Plans ; Lack of integrated monitoring

programmes implementation; Spatial and quality

degradation of protected areas.

Monitoring is not up to the required level; The cost of implementing the

management plans is not expected to be high.

Sensitive areas for urban waste water treatment. Areas in danger of potential

agricultural nitrate contamination. Specific episodes of severe

contamination of waters for human consumption. Large quantities of water

collection for human consumption without the appropriate protection.

Lack of knowledge about these sites environmental state. Lack of Management Plans for

coastal sites included in “Habitat” directive

Low presence in the territory of "ecological infrastructure" (fragmentation of ecological network in river environment).


19. Water management analysis sectors (thermal and mineral waters)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 2 2 1

Regional 1 1 2 1 2

Local 1 3

Aims

Developmental Integrated exploitation and management of geothermal fields.

Provide mineral water according to health requirements.

Manage thermal and mineral waters globally

Regulate mineral water sector by directing it towards sustainable use of resources, setting priorities and reducing consumption; Enhance the therapeutic use of

thermal waters and promote the protection, enhancement and upgrading of hydrothermal heritage for purposes of tourism development and enhancement of natural, environmental and cultural resources of thermal territories

Environmental Protection of water from pollution.

Protect the source from pollution.

Protect thermal and mineral waters against contamination and excessive exploitation

Ensure that the consumption of resources does not exceed the load capacity of the environment Regulate mineral water sector

by directing it towards sustainable use of resources, setting priorities and reducing consumption

The Protection of quality mineral water; The sustainable use of thermal

resources

Social Job creation from thermal and mineral waters exploitation.

Provide good quality mineral water to improve standard of living.

Obtain social benefits related to thermal and mineral waters proper exploitation

Regulate mineral water sector by directing it towards sustainable use of resources, setting priorities and reducing

Creation of jobs related to health tourism and bottling companies


Economical Cost effective exploitation of thermal and mineral waters.

Affordable bottle water price. Execute a sustainable and profitable exploitation of thermal and mineral waters

Regulate mineral water sector by directing it towards sustainable use of resources, setting priorities and reducing Enhance the therapeutic use of

thermal waters and promote the protection, enhancement and upgrading of hydrothermal heritage for purposes of tourism development and enhancement of natural, environmental and cultural resources of thermal territories

The enhancement of thermal waters for curative purposes and for bottling

Tools

Developmental National Geothermal Fields Register.

HACCP Thermal and mineral waters management plan.

Acts (Decrees, Circulars, etc..) Information campaigns aimed

at reducing the consumption of mineral waters and promoting the use of aqueduct as source of drinking water; Introduction of automatic

counters; Adjustment of fees on

exploitation licenses of mineral and thermal waters, making them proportionate to sale price of final product or service; Promote the adoption of

thermal quality label, ex L. n. 323/2000, at the holders of mining concessions for thermal activities in the region.

Environmental Protection Zones Privileges, permissions. Quality follow-up research. Environment impact

assessment

Acts (Decrees, Circulars, etc..); Information campaigns; Introduction of automatic

counters; Adjustment of fees on

exploitation licenses of mineral and thermal waters, making them proportionate to sale price of final product or service

P.T.C.; P.S.


Social HACCP Exploitations conditions of privileges and permissions

Acts (Decrees, Circulars, etc..); Information campaigns

Economical Exploitation and viability studies, privileges

Adjustment of fees

Strong point Existence of intense geothermal fields; Exploitation of Developmental

Law with high percentages of subsidies; Bottling Hall of sparkling water

; Thermal tourism.

The quality of mineral water provided is of high standard and satisfy customers expectations. Protection Zones around all

legal boreholes for drinking purposes are set by WDD

Availability of thermal and mineral waters in the river basin. Good quality of thermal and

mineral waters

High quality thermal waters, both for curative purposes and for human consumption. Bottling Farming of mineral

water; Thermal tourism

Weaknesses Indefinite institutional framework up to now Limited exploitation of

geothermal fields

Prices are not regulated

Lack of Acts (Decrees, Circulars, etc..) which requires the licensing of exploitation of mineral waters the verification of the maintenance of hydro geological aquifer exploited.

Problems caused by the high exploitation of mineral and thermal groundwater. Increase road traffic for the

transport of bottled waters. Too many actors in this sector


20. Water management analysis sectors (drainage, rain water management)




Number of actors

National 1 1 1

Regional 2 3 2

Local 3 1 1 2 5

Aims

Developmental Efficient systems to harvest rainwater and protect settlements and human properties.

Harvest rainwater in cities Arrange efficient systems of rainwater collection in order to avoid flooding.

Increased rainwater harvesting and small and medium-sized reservoirs.

Environmental Exploitation of storm water with collection systems and prevention from pollution.

Storm water pollution prevention.

Preserve cover and riverside vegetation to increase water infiltration and avoid surface run-offs

Completion of drainage network – protection of receiver body of rain water discharge.

Control of rainwater pollution; The retention of rainwater to

reduce flooding risk.

Social Control of pollution and exploitation of rainwater for social benefit.

Control pollution and maintain high standard of living.

Avoid natural disasters related to rainwater. Promote rainwater exploitation

Exploitation of rainwater for irrigation or other social uses.

Economical Reduction expenditure from water floods management.

Reduce expetiture on water processing.

Reduction of the costs for prevention of flooding and run-off.

Maintenance of an efficient drainage network of rainwater.

Tools

Developmental Water management plans; Programme of measures; Construction Studies of water

works; Drainage systems.

SUDS Studies. Water management plans studies of hydraulic works Agriculture conservation plans.

Environmental Rainwater Management strategic plan; Drainage systems; Stabilization ponds.

Rainwater collection systems. Agriculture conservation plans. Riverside management plans. Flooding and run-off

prevention plan for Andalusian urban river banks

Development of specific legislation.

Drain channels.

Social Drainage systems and Water dams.

Monitoring collection systems. Drainage systems and hydraulics works.

Private accumulation works; Irrigation canals in agricultural


Flooding and run-off prevention plan for Andalusian urban river banks

areas.

Economical Rainwater management strategic plan; Construction Studies of water

works, Drainage systems and Water

dams.

SUDS. Natural risks prevention global plans.

Maintenance of watercourses plan.

Strong point Flood Directive Mountainous Hydronomy

Works

Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) studies are being carried out in major cities in order to harvest rainwater and protect the environment from pollution.

Good forecasts of Meteorological state agency. Promotion plans of

conservative agriculture. Actions for the prevention of

flooding in Andalusia prior to the Regulations: Study of high risk areas, Flooding prevention plans for Andalusian urban river banks, limitations in the use of areas in risk of potential flooding and run-offs. In general, existence of good

drainage networks in towns.

Drainage network is extensive in urban than in rural areas. Drainage network used for

agricultural irrigation.

Weaknesses No harmonisation with the directive and absence of flood maps and plans; No exploitation of drainage

and rainwater because of lack of construction works; Difficulty of coordination

between the Competent Authorities; Urban sealing; Lack of Flood Plans; Lack of Management Plans; Lack of flood-preventing works.

SUDS adaptation is slow. Loss of cover vegetation increasing surface run-off and erosion. Urban exploitation of flood

areas. Degradation of riverside

vegetation. Loss of rainwater collection

traditional infrastructure. Poor awareness and lack of

preventive measures of flooding and run-off risks.

Substantial financial resources are necessary for the completion of drainage networks, furthermore, the region has not yet enacted specific legislation to regulate the disposal of storm-water in accordance with the objectives of protection of surface water bodies.

Maintenance of the drainage network is not efficient. Too many actors for WM in this

sector


21. Water management analysis sectors (irrigation, water for agricultural use)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 1 1 1 1

Regional 1 1 2 2 1

Local 3 1 1 1 4

Aims

Developmental Equitable distribution of water resources avoiding their over exploitation.

Rational development of water resources for irrigation

Distribute equitably water resources avoiding its excessive exploitation

Meet the total demand irrigation

Development of reclamation as a means of protecting the territory

Environmental Protection of water from pollution and overexploitation.

Improve environment in semi arid regions

Protect water resources against contamination and excessive exploitation

Sustainable use of water resources

The retention of water for irrigation to increase the security level of agricultural land

Social Equitable distribution of water resources among water users.

Improve quality of life in rural areas

Provide equitable access to water resources.

Economical Water tariffs which promote equity, efficiency and sustainability

Improve agricultural sector´s contribution to GDP

Establish irrigation water taxes to promote a sustainable usage

Increase and optimize financial resources for the implementation of water protection measures

Maintenance of irrigation canals for countryside; Maintenance of drainage

works

Tools

Developmental Water management plan Programme of measures Permits for water exploitation

and use

Advance irrigation systems Use of treated effluent

Irrigation plans for a sustainable water management.

Building infrastructure

Environmental Monitoring Programme for irrigation water (supplementary to the national) On site inspection

Environmental Impact

Assessment studies

Advance irrigation systems Irrigation plans for a sustainable water management. On-site inspections. Environmental impact

assessment

Improve efficiency of irrigation networks, reuse of treated wastewater

Drain channels.


Social Water management plans Permits for water exploitation

and use

Common Agricultural Practive Water development works

Water usage permissions. Water management plans.

Economical Water tariffs Subsidies Taxes and rates European, national and regional funding

Maintenance of watercourses plan; Tariff

Strong point Good water quality and adequate quantity Adequate Collective networks

Positive steps have been taken in improving governance with regard to the implementation of best practices towards achieving sustainability

Increment of the irrigation efficiency through the installation and use of new techniques for trickle irrigation systems. Establish conditions in

common agricultural policy benefits. Water Bank

The process of re-use of treated wastewater in agriculture has also initiated.

Regional incentives for reclamation pool; Updated old functions assigned

to reclamation pool in relation to the new requirements related to the intense urbanization of the territory in lowland areas and the abandonment and degradation that has been left over large portions of territory, particularly in hilly and mountainous, with the cessation many careers in agriculture and forestry.

Weaknesses Lack of water pricing policy based on volume count, which reflects the scarcity of water Lack of responsibility and

limited awareness in the fields of water saving of water users Conflicting interests in water

use. Reduction of water resources

in the last 20 years due to the decline of precipitation and increased socio-economic activities. Lack of modern collective

irrigation networks and uncontrolled amounts of water for irrigation through private drillings Lack of unified management of

water quantity and quality and

Although water allocated for agriculture is almost 70% of the water available, still contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is less than 4%. Irrigation sector enjoys subsidies and full cost recovery of the cost of water for irrigation is hard to achieve. Adaptation of the Code of

Good Agricultural Practice (CGAP) is slow

A revision of the cropping

pattern to less water intensive crops is also slow Groundwater abstraction for

irrigation purposes is not monitored properly.

Inappropriate price policy for agricultural water usage. Illegal wells. Contamination of surface

waters and groundwater for agricultural nitrates. Non-point contamination of

waters resources by agricultural chemical protection products. Poor farmers awareness for

best agricultural practices. 80 % of the water consumption

in Spain is for irrigation.

The agricultural sector requires high volumes of water for irrigation, loss of water supply are high, and also some irrigation techniques are inefficient.

Sometimes inefficient maintenance of irrigation canals.


therefore uneven exploitation of water resources Reformation of cultivations

(transition to precision agriculture) (AGRO_2) Nitrate pollution Fall of groundwater level


22. Water management analysis sectors (Water for energy and industrial use)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 2 2 4

Regional 1 1 3 1 1

Local 2 1 1 1

Aims

Developmental Sufficient water resources. Provide good quality water to meet industrial needs.

Guarantee enough water resources for industrial and energy use

Increase energy from renewable sources; development, in Tuscany, of

small and very small hydro-power stations.

Environmental Promote management recycling methods for industrial water use, prevent over-exploitation.

Protect the environment. Promote industrial waste water treatment to avoid contamination of surface water and groundwater. Prevent excessive exploitation

of water resources for

industrial use

Sustainable use of water resources

Decrease in emissions of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere through the use of renewable energy sources (hydroelectric, geothermal).

Social Local Employment. Satisfying customer´s needs for water.

Promote local employment creation. Prevent environmental contamination due to industrial or infrastructure waste

Economical Cost effective-water saving measures.

Set tariffs to reflect capital expenditure.

Improve the profitability of industrial and energy water use.

Increase and optimize financial resources for the construction of water infrastructure

Incentives to Municipalities, to individuals and to industries to use renewable energy sources

Tools

Developmental Energy Action Plan. Operation & Monitoring of Infrastructure;

Promotion plans of renewable sources of energy

National Energy Plan (PEN) Regional plan for energy use


Leakage control devices monitoring and control.

(Pier)

Environmental Water Management Plans; Energy Action Plan.

Provisions during construction. Water management plans. Promotion plans of renewable

sources of energy. Approve laws on water

treatment and industrial waste

Rationalization of resources in relation to the quality required for industrial use Reuse of treated wastewater

National Energy Plan (PEN) Regional plan for energy use

(PIER)

Social Monitoring programs. Promotion plans of renewable sources of energy. Approve laws on water

treatment and industrial waste.

Economical Energy Action Plan. Domestic water tariffs. Promotion plans of renewable sources of energy

European, national and regional funding

Regional plan for energy use (PIER)

Strong point High hydropower and geothermal potential.

Leakage control devices are in place.

Promotion plans of renewable sources of energy Existence of the Integrated

environmental authorization that encompasses, amongst other actions, the waste water dumps to inland waters or the sea

90% of hydroelectric electricity produced in Tuscany; 2-3% of hydroelectric

electricity produced in Italy; Local energy production and

use of renewable and assimilated is increasing; High percentage of water for

industrial use is treated; High percentage of

implementation of IPPC directive in paper sector (high water demanding activities)

Weaknesses Limited exploitation because of the institutional framework inapplicability ; Bureaucratic problems and

delays.

Social response is adversely affected from climate change and water scarcity.

Hazardous substances in Public Hydraulic Domain due to industrial waste water. Lack of specific legislation on

industrial waste water treatment

In Sicily, there are several industries with high environmental impact The use of more valuable water

resources is still high compared to using resources less valuable or non-conventional water resources (eg treated wastewater)

Energy consumption growing, especially in the industrial sector; The contribution to the

greenhouse effect is increasing; The industrial sector use good

water and it not use reused wastewaters; Too many actors for WM in this

sector.


23. Water management analysis sectors (aquaculture – fish and plant farming - fishing)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 4 1 1 2

Regional 4 3 3

Local 1 1 1

Aims

Developmental Enhancement and maintenance of fisheries and aquaculture industry.

Achieve sustainable aquaculture industry.

Maintain and develop the fishing and aquaculture industry

Creation of new plants and modernization of existing ones using techniques with low environmental impact Identification of areas devoted

to aquaculture. Improvement of environmental

quality of product, food and trade safety whit environmental certification and EMAS registration.

Revitalization of sea fishing and aquaculture extension

Environmental Protect water ecosystems from fisheries and aquaculture industry.

Achieve healthy aquaculture ecosystems.

Protect marine ecosystems, prevent overfishing

Application of new farming techniques and technologies low environmental impacts. To develop aquaculture for

restocking of native species.

Social Improve standard of living– Job creation.

Improve quality standard of living.

Improve fishermen living conditions. Improve employment conditions in the industry

Increased employment opportunities that can reduce social hardship determined by the process of adjustment of fishing effort

Increased employment opportunities related to aquaculture and fishing

Economical Sustainable and cost effective development of fisheries and aquaculture industry.

Achieve a sustainable aquaculture industry.

Improve profitability and y sustainability of the fishing and aquaculture industry

Consolidation and development of micro and small enterprises; To diversify production

Interventions to promote projects of restructuring and upgrading of aquaculture and service infrastructures;


through the breeding of new species.

initiatives for the diversification of production, product qualification, training

Tools

Developmental Water Management Plans. Fishery Research programs; Construction, improvement

and maintenance of fishing shelters;

Water management plans. Fishing and aquaculture plans

UE funds.

Environmental Water Management Plans. Systematic collection of fishery data; Vessel Monitoring System

(VMS); Monitoring and Inspection

Protocols,

Water management plans. Fishing and aquaculture plans. Biodiversity protection plan.

Studies and research Guidelines.

Social Investment Plans. Systematic collection of fishery data; Vessel Monitoring System

(VMS); Monitoring and Inspection

Protocols.

Fishing and aquaculture plans UE funds. Regional Plan of Inland Fishing Regional Development Plan

aquaculture Regional Plan for fishing and

aquaculture

Economical Water Management Plans. Investment Plans.

Stock assessment and evaluation of fisheries resources; Fishery Research programs.

Fishing and aquaculture plans UE funds. Four-year program of works

Strong point Creation of Fishing Reserve. Fish-wharfs. Good quality of fish-catch.

It is a promising and developing industry.

Aqua-cultural and fish farming exploitations in the area.

Creation of new plants and modernization of existing ones. Diversification of aquaculture

species. Development of biological

aquaculture. Development of new initiatives

to integrate income and retraining of employees. Improving the quality and

traceability of products.

Increase of aquaculture.

Weaknesses Lack of information on the state of fish stocks constrains the proper fishing management; Bureaucratic problems and

The aquaculture industry is reforming and the freshwater aquaculture is losing ground.

Exhaustion of natural fishing banks. Existence of invasive exotic

species

Possible increase of coastal pollution. Health risk assessment,

pathogen transfer from reared species to wild ones.

The fishery is developed only locally, and it’s a craft activity; Too many actors for WM in this

sector.


delays Negative perceptions of the raised products. Saturation/overlap of the fair

for some species.


24. Water management analysis sectors (water quality control)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 3 3 3 3

Regional 1 1 1 2

Local 1 2 1

Aims

Developmental Provision of sufficient water quality for the different users

Provide high quality water for every use.

Provide quality water for several uses

Achievement of water quality for the basins.

Environmental Prevent, protect and upgrade water resources

Protect the environment. Prevent contamination and excessive exploitation of water resources

Increase the activity of control.

Constant monitoring of water quality.

Social High standards of living and health protection

Provide high standard of living.

Guarantee water quality for human consumption

Protection of inland and coastal water quality and promoting sustainable use of water resources.

Economical Quality control for reduced Water treatment cost

Satisfy quality at lowest cost. Avoid water contamination to reduce treatment costs

Increase and optimize financial resources for implementing the monitoring network.

Allocation of resources for monitoring water quality.

Tools

Developmental Water management plants Programme of measures Monitoring programmes

Monitoring. Water quality plans. Follow-up, analysis

Water protection plan. Water management plan.

Environmental Water management plants Programme of measures Monitoring programmes On site ispection Field equipment Permits

Disposal permits. Permissions. Follow-up, analysis. Water quality plans

strengthening the structures

of ARPA.

Laboratory, ISS, ARPAT.

Social Water management plants Monitoring programmes

Control standards. Analysis, follow-up. Water quality plans.

Regional Environmental Action Plan (P.R.A.A.); Water protection plan.


Economical Water management plants Monitoring programmes

National Budget. Analysis, follow-up. Water quality plans.

European, national and

regional funding.

Regional Development Program (P.R.S.).

Strong point Telemetric Stations Monitoring networks

Established rules and regulation are in place for safeguarding water quality.

Water ready for human consumption in all locations (in theory.....). Strict water quality controls

for human consumption. Monitoring networks and

surface and groundwater controls

ARPA has developed control activities throughout the region, by implementing the infrastructure for environmental monitoring networks.

Regional and national monitoring network.

Weaknesses Research and monitoring water resources data (surface and groundwater, quantitative and qualitative) is characterized largely by fragmentation and moderate level of reliability because of lack of certified authorities Fragmentation of competent

authorities Lack of time series

Not enough manpower is provided for enforcing the conditions set on disposal permits and therefore protection of the environment in relation to achieving high standards of quality control is low.

Due to the lack of means these demands are not met in small towns.

ARPA needs to increase the human resources devoted to monitoring activities.

Sometimes lack of historical data to evaluate quality trends; We need a progressive

reduction of pollution levels in order to achieve quality objectives.


25. Water management analysis sectors (water balance analysis, meteo data)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 3 1 2 1

Regional 1 1 2 2

Local 1 1 1

Aims

Developmental Fair distribution of water resources among water users.

Integrated water resources management.

Distribute equitably water resources among several usages

Update of Water Balance

Environmental Safeguard of water resources for aquatic environment.

Conservation and protection of water environment.

Protect water resources against contamination and excessive exploitation

Increased monitoring activities.

Prediction and prevention of disasters; protection of soil and water.

Social Sufficient water quantity to achieve social needs.

Safeguard adequate quantities of water to satisfy social needs.

Provide enough water for social activities

protecting the public from the risks related to meteorological events

Economical Water availability in a cost effective manner.

Achieve water balance at the lowest cost.

Provide water to affordable prices for different purposes.

Increase and optimize financial resources for implementing the monitoring network.

Minimize Damage to common property and private

Tools

Developmental Water management plans; Water balance analysis; Economic analysis; Hydro-meteorological

database.

Hydrological mathematical models; Scenario analysis; Demand management, Studies on sustainable water

management.

Water economics research. Evaluate and follow-up water

stocks. Meteorological forecasts

Water management plan; Basin plan

Environmental Water management plans; Meteorological station

network; Hydro-meteorological

database; hydrological and hydro-

geologic simulation software;

Management plans (under preparation).

Meteorological information. Water management plans. Evaluate and follow-up water

stocks.

Strengthening the structures. CFR; Water management plan; Basin plan


Water Management Model.

Social Water management plans; Water balance analysis,

Use of desalination water to augment water quantities.

Water balance research. Follow-up and evaluate water

balance.

European, national and regional funding.

Regional, provincial and local Operative Plan of Civil Defence.

Economical Economic analysis, Cost/effectiveness analyses. Economic analysis. Pricing policy

Regional, provincial and local Operative Plan of Civil Defence; Works plan.

Strong point Meteorological networks and databases; Calculation models and

scenarios.

All the necessary tools and models applied for water balance analysis are in place and have been tested since 1990, which give useful insights with regard to needs assessments so as to improve planning.

Availability of plenty of hydrological and meteorological data. Produce meteorological

forecasts. Follow-up water stocks. Great capacity of inter-annual

regulation due to the existence of many reservoirs.

The activity of water balance analysis and of weather data collection is conducted by more than 70 years, and then the region has a good knowledge of the evolution in time of the phenomena.

Network system linking the Civil Protection to the national centres of scientific research for weather data; Regional Operational Centre

(CFR) for know in advance the likelihood of calamitous events; planned update of water

balance in Water Management Plan

Weaknesses Lack of run-off and consumption data; Lack of Water Balance

calculation.

Although a variety of tools have been applied, achieving sustainability in a country suffering from droughts, like Cyprus, is a very difficult task and it takes time, commitment and great effort. However, with the implementation of River Basin Management Plan, it is expected that sustainability will be achieved in the long term.

Temporary droughts. Excessive exploitation of

water resources.

The current monitoring network has not a proper extension suitable to support the knowledge framework required by Directive 2000/60.

The forecasting system is used by only a few years and is not applied throughout the national territory . Water Balance not updated Water Balance limited at

section of river basin , the data used are estimated and not measured.


26. Water management analysis sectors (surveillance and controls’policy)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 2 1 2 3

Regional 1 1 1

Local 1 1

Aims

Developmental Adoption of national plans to protect and manage national water resources

Monitoring and control systems for all uses.

Set water resources management and preservation national plans

Environmental Aquatic Environment Protection

Protect the environment against pollution.

Protect aquatic ecosystems Ensure the achievement of quality objectives established by Directive 2000/60 (WFD).

Protection of natural heritage resources.

Social Satisfy quality and quantity standards of living, Safeguard Fair penalties to offenders

Satisfy high standard of living. Guarantee water resources quality and quantity to cover people's needs.

Economical Apply institutional controls in a cost-effective way

Allocate adequate financial resources.

Develop cost-effective administrative controls

Increase and optimize financial resources for the realization of hydraulic structures

Tools

Developmental Management Plans Legislations, Regulations and

restrictions

Monitoring networks; Protection zones; Quality controls.

Management plans, laws, regulations, banning

Environmental Management Plans Legislations, Regulations and

restrictions

Protection zones. Management plans, laws, regulations, banning. Biodiversity management

plans.

Implement the measures provided for river basin management plan of Sicily.

CFS, CC, Port Authorities Offices; Provincial Police

Social Legislations, Regulations and restrictions

Protection zones. Law, regulations, banning

Economical Legislations, Regulations National budget. Law, regulations European, national and regional funding.


Strong point Pollution Control (industrial, livestock, urban waste waters)

Monitoring networks cover the River Basin District of Cyprus. Quality control Inspections

for drinking water is a common practice

Guard and patrol the Public Hydraulic Domain by the Andalusian Water Agency.

A single entity carries out the functions of regional planning regulatory supervision and control This fact should lead to more

effective performance of surveillance and control policy

Use of highly qualified personnel and appropriate equipment

Weaknesses Failure to comply with environmental conditions and impose penalties Fragmentation of competent

authorities Lack of personnel

Lack of manpower for regular inspection/monitoring

Difficulties to cover the whole area and detect threats on water resources.

The current organizational structure came into operation only a few months and then there are the normal periods of transition from one system to another

Problems with funding and staff shortages; sometimes overlapping

responsibilities


27. Water management analysis sectors (drillings, permits and control)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 1 1 1

Regional 1 1 1 2 1

Local 1 2

Aims

Developmental Prevent over abstraction of water resources ensuring water provision for all the economic sectors and sustainability.

Sustainable ground water management.

Plan water usages in order to guarantee availability to all industries

It must be ensured balance between groundwater withdrawal and aquifer recharge capacity, in order to avoid any danger of intrusion of salt water or polluted water, and whatever is appropriate in relation to the control of the best water regime (art.12 bis R.D. 11/12/1933 n. 1775 e ss.mm.ii.)

protection of the quality of water resources for human consumption

Environmental Restrictions and limitations for water use according to regional and local river basin characteristics.

Groundwater protection. Guarantee river ecological flow and avoid excessive exploitation of water resources

Policies to prevent and reduce pollution through sustainable use of water resources, with priority given to drinking water.

Social Sufficient water for social

needs.

Satisfy social needs for domestic and irrigation.

Guarantee water availability for social activities

Satisfying the water needs for domestic use and irrigation

Economical Fair rules and equal opportunities to water users.

Allocate of adequate financial resources for control.

Guarantee water availability to all industries improving its profitability

Tools

Developmental Issue of permits for water exploitation and use.

PM; Groundwater monitoring

network; Installation of water meters.

Planning, public participation processes. Permissions, privileges.

Definition of groundwater bodies and their conceptual models according to D. lgs. n.30/2009. Calculation of hydrogeological

balance of aquifers and assessment of quantitative state in relation to present

Water management plan; Basins plan

Environmental Environmental impact assessment and issue of Environmental permits. Register of water abstraction

Protection zones; Control of permit´s

compliance.

River basin hydrological plans. Biodiversity plans.

Respect areas for human consumption.


areas intended for human consumption.

and planned uses . Surveys and studies to

evaluate the intrusion of the saline wedge. Surveys and studies to

evaluate the vulnerability of aquifers

Social

Issue of permits for water exploitation and use.

Drilling permits conditions.

Water usage permissions. Hydrological planning.

Permits

Economical Issue of permits for water exploitation and use; Economic analysis

National Budget.

Water usage permissions. Hydrological planning. Economic analysis

Strong point Justification of illegal boreholes; Impose penalties to

offenders, The institutional framework

oblige users to have permits and use hydrometers.

Management Plans are under preparation. Reduction in permitted

abstraction by enforcing the people to install water meters through the LAW 79(I)/2010.

Improvement in the regulation of collection systems.

Within evolution process of knowledge system of River Basin District Management Plan of Sicily some key actions have been planned in order to define groundwater bodies and their conceptual models according to D. Lgs. 30/2009, calculate hydrogeological balance of aquifers and assess quantitative state in relation to present and planned uses, evaluate the intrusion of the salt wedge and the vulnerability of the aquifers.

Water management plan and water protection plan; Duty to request permits; register and geographic

database (GIS) of withdrawal points

Weaknesses Inability to control authorization conditions.

Lots of illegal boreholes exist which makes the process of groundwater management very difficult. Monitoring of the conditions

set in the permits is also difficult due to: o shortage in manpower

and

o dual responsibility for

water management

between Water

Development

Department and District

Existence of illegal wells. These actions have yet to start.

Increased demand for water and consequent increase in permit requests. unread the installed counters

at withdrawal points. low percentage of installed

counters at withdrawal points


Officers was inefficient &

ineffective for many years

in the past.


28. Water infrastructures (water supply, potable water, city pipelines network, water utilities agencies)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 1 2

Regional 1 1 2 2 1

Local 4 3 2 3 4

Aims

Developmental Build sustainable cities and settlements

Provide good quality water to meet domestic and industrial needs.

Arrange good quality water supply urban networks

Homogeneous distribution of service.

homogeneous distribution of services.

Environmental Efficient Water utilities, networks and aware consumers to prevent from leakage and overconsumption

Protect the environment. Keep the network in due conditions to avoid water loss and contamination

Sustainable use of water resources.

prevention of water deficit and pollution.

Social Safeguarding of sufficient water quantity and quality for humans

Promote high standards of living through satisfying customer´s needs for water.

Guarantee the quality and quantity of water supply for human consumption

Water for everybody at fair costs.

Water for everybody at fair costs.

Economical Set fair tariffs to achieve financial and economical efficiency

Cost /effectiveness in infrastructure investments.

Set taxes to cover supply costs

reduction of public expenditure on water services management.

reduction of public expenditure on water services management.

Tools

Developmental Regulations and restrictions Operation & Monitoring of Infrastructure; Leakage control devices

monitoring and control.

Regulations. Water Quality Plan

implement the actions foreseen in the ambit plans.

To Costitute A.T.O. “Ambito” Plan - Piano

d’Ambito.

Environmental water supply works Provisions during construction;

Maintenance works improve the efficiency of drinking water distribution networks. implement saving measures,

Operative plan of emergency against drinking water problems.


reuse and recycling measures.

Social water supply works Monitoring programs; Strick quality standards;

Law

Maintenance

Definition and tariff revision of IWS. Service chart for customers. Monitoring of drinking water.

Definition and tariff revision of IWS; Service chart for customers; Monitoring of drinking water,

Economical Water management plans Setting of tariffs for treated water;

Water management plans.

Pricing policy

Triennial operative plan (TOP). Quality handbook. UE FUNDS.

Triennial operative plan (POT); Quality handbook.

Strong point The Register of water abstraction areas intended for human consumption is going to be straightforward established Systematic monitoring

A lot of infrastructure is already in place in order to serve the needs of all water users. Leakage control devices are also in place and extended studies are made.

Existence of good water

supply networks in large

cities.

Residential water supply in

all areas of population.

Existence, at the national and

regional level, of a non-profit

professional association for

the promotion and

development of the

scientific, technical,

administrative and legal

aspects of the residential

water supply and treatment

services

The integrated management of water service unified at province scale (ATO) should ensure high standards of efficiency, effectiveness and economy.

The major item of this process is to obtain in the most fast way the union of the existing public managements, which were very divided in the recent past. In the meantime, the project tries to increase the public management with business enterprise (private management) methods. The target of the project is to

entrust the integrated water service to a public utility concern in order to improve the quality of the service

Weaknesses Lack of pricing policies Lack of Water Supply and

Sewerage Municipal Enterprises Network losses Use of strong chemicals for

water treatment and decontamination

Due to consecutive prolong droughts and increasing demand for water more infrastructures is required to increase availability of water. Operation and maintenance

of distribution network from Village water Commissions is poor.

Lack of technical and

economic means in small

towns so as to provide

efficient and high quality

water services.

Lack of a supra-municipal

management system.

Existence of disperse areas of

population that increase

water supply rates.

Insufficient water supply

Organizational structure based on the integrated management of the water service at provincial scale is not yet completed across the region. Moreover, the lack of infrastructure requires large investments involving both high cost of service for citizens than financial problems to Companies manager of Integrated Water

We are too many “Company manager“ of Integrated Water Service in the ATO. The law provides for only one Company. We have e-governments problems. Too many actors for WM in this

sector.


rates that do not cover the

service costs in towns with

more than two thousand

inhabitants.

Service.


29. Sewage infrastructures (sewage, sewerage, wastewater treatment and reuse)

Name of partner




Number of actors

National 1 2 2 1

Regional 1 2 1 2

Local 3 2 2 4 3

Aims

Developmental Construction and upgrading of wastewater utilities.

Reuse all effluent for irrigation and recharge of aquifers.

Make urban waste water purifying plants available to every town.

Homogeneous distribution of service

Establish a treatment able to collect all waste water and a larger amount of industrial ones; Ensuring compliance with the

emission limits

Environmental Protect water resources from pollution.

Protect the environment against pollution from sewage and wastewater.

Avoid contamination of water resources due to untreated urban waste water spills

Water protection from urban pollutants

Reuse of wastewater to prevent pollution of rivers and the sea, contributing to less clean water abstraction from aquifers and groundwater reserves

Social Improve quality standard of living.

Improve quality/ standard of living. Acceptability of the location

of WWTP.

Carry out treatment processes causing no inconveniences to the population

Improvement and extension of sewerage networks and treatment for citizens and industries

Economical Cost effective management of wastewater utilities.

Cost /effectiveness in treatment investments.

Set taxes to cover treatment costs

Reduction of public expenditure on water services management

Incentives for the extension of sewerage and sewage

Tools

Developmental Internal control operation and maintenance guide of wastewater treatment plants.

Use of tertiary treated water for irrigation and aquifer discharge.

Law. Waste water treatment

plans.

implement the actions foreseen in the ambit plans

Regional Development Plan (PRS) Piano d’Ambito


Implementation of Urban wastewater Directive. Employ tertiary treatment in

all WWTP.

Environmental Internal control operation and maintenance guide of wastewater treatment plants.

Treatment of sewage (cities, and many villages) and wastewater from industries. Monitoring of quality of

treated water. Management of sludge

disposal.

Law. Waste water treatment

plans. Waste water dump

authorizations. Inspections, analysis.

construction of sewage treatment plants


Social Sewerage works. Strick effluent standards. Public consultation. EIA.

Participation plans. Urban development plans. Proper functioning of

treatment plans.


Economical Water management plans. Setting of tariffs for untreated incoming water and for tertiary treated reuse. High cost of treatment and

reuse works.

Pricing policy. Water supply services

management plan.

Triennial operative plan Quality handbook UE FUNDS

Regional Development Plan (PRS)

Strong point Significant progress has been made to confront pollution from urban wastewater (point sources). Collection networks and

wastewater treatment plants of Municipalities with equivalent population more than 10.000 residences.

Cyprus lies among the very few countries which practice sewage reuse for irrigation and recharge of aquifers. In addition we use sludge as fertilizer and also as a fuel in industry (Vasilikos Cement Plant).

Existence, at the national and regional level, of a non-profit professional association for the promotion and development of the scientific, technical, administrative and legal aspects of the residential water supply and treatment services. Existence of a levy for the

improvement of treatment infrastructures (Andalusian Water Law).

The integrated management of water service unified at province scale (ATO) should ensure high standards of efficiency, effectiveness and economy.

The Tuscany has 354 sewage treatment plants. They allow the reuse of waste water and prevent water pollution of rivers and the sea, contributing to less clean water abstraction from aquifers and groundwater reserves. In the Province of Lucca shows

overall good coverage of the civil demand, secured by a large number of plants, often small and very small

Weaknesses Efforts should be made on the construction of waste water treatment plants of small settlements (2 000-10 000 inhabitants). Problems often occur in the

operation of existing facilities.

Public non-acceptability of the location of treatment plants, requirements of amendments to laws/regulations regarding the Organisational Entities (SB´s) that will undertake the

Insufficient percentage of population in the province receiving residential water treatment services . More than half of the towns

in the province do not have a sewage treatment plant for

Organizational structure based on the integrated management of the water service at provincial scale is not yet completed across the region. Moreover, the lack of infrastructure requires large

The sewerage and wastewater treatment are not extended to the entire territory. There are environmental risks

posed by industrial waste.


Non reuse of the treated water.

management of the works, as well as the ratification. With regard to economic

aspect, investment cost in SB´s implementation is high due to non-densification of population still sewage reuse tariff is low due to subsidies.

residential waste water. Existence of operational

problems in some of the sewage treatment plants that do not allow proper functioning.

investments involving both high cost of service for citizens than financial problems to Companies manager of Integrated Water Service


30. Analysis of differences - Summary

1. GENERAL INFORMATION The first chapter is dedicated to general information about each partner. In the first part analyse the forms for each partner. Water Management is intrinsically linked to the organization and administration of each country. The comparison to each partner, among of the Authorities’ type whit their specific responsibilities assigned, is important to understand the differences that can emerge during the analysis. In the second part, the physical characteristics and territories of the participating regions are presented. It should be highlighted that in the participant regions, there are substantial differences in territorial size, in climatic and environmental characteristics. The greater population density is in the Province of Lucca (210 inhabitants/sq km), then the Sicily Region (192 inhabitants/sq km), Central Macedonia with 131 inhabitants/sq km, Cyprus with 85 inhabitants/sq km, the region with a lower population density is Province of Granada with 72 inhabitants/sq km. The province of Lucca shows the highest percentage of forests land cover and the most developed river network, in this region has also been the largest land use with more than 8% of urbanized areas. With regard the amount of rainfall Province of Lucca once again marked by high amounts of rainfall (average 1400 mm) while in the other regions, the annual average of rainfall is low ranging form 500 mm average rainfall in Cyprus to 790 mm in Province of Granada. In the third part the Pilot River Basins selected for the implementation of the project WATERinCORE is presented. The big differences in all the parameters presented will make more interesting the project’s implementation. 2. ADMINISTRATIVE SCHEMES-BODIES In the second chapter has summarized the administrative schemes-bodies for each regions partner. A diagram was made for all countries, illustrating the WM at national and regional level. All partners have authorities with competence in Water Management in each level (national, regional and local). For Province of Lucca (Tuscany Region) there is also a discrete local water management scheme. Italy stands out from other partners because of non-reported (direct type) between levels of WM. In Italy every level (national, regional and local) is self-referral. The principle of subsidiary is not in fact developed in the vertical direction (from the national to local) but rather in a horizontal direction (playback management scheme in each level). As evidence of the above, the most suitable indicator is the number of Authorities in WM. The Italian partners are those who have the highest number (28) of which 15 authorities are operative on the territory. In this case one can speak of excessive fragmentation of responsibilities. On the other hand Cyprus and Granada have the minimun number of competence authorities. 3. WATER LEGAL FRAMEWORK In each participant country the WFD and GWD partners have been adopted and is implemented. The implementation was later carried in Italy. In Tuscany there was a stand-alone implementation of the WFD in 2004, but this solution isn’t not very good because it has got duplication of planning tools in WM. Another important indicator is the number of laws and regulations issued to regulate the various sectors of water. Italy is the first in ranking of recording a large number of regulatory bodies, their variants and/or implementation tools. In this case one can speak of spatial overlap (conflict of competences) and temporal (conflict in the device at various levels). 4. WATER ANALYSIS STATUS Identification of water bodies has been carried out for all partners. Classification of water bodies have not been made in Greece and wasn’t competed in Granada, yet.


In Cyprus, the biggest number of surface Water bodies are classified in moderate and good status and of the grondwaters in bad. In Tuscany, the majority of waters (surface and ground) are in a good and high status. On the other hand, in Sicily, the biggest number of surface water bodies are in a worst than moderate status and the groundwaters in a better one. Pressures and impacts presented in different regions are quite similar as well as the selected indicators for their monitoring. The pollution detected in the waters of the regions is mainly by nitrates, organic subsidence and pesticides. In Tuscany, there are many different impacts on the water bodies generated by the different pressures presented in the area. The monitoring of water bodies differs across regions partners. The differences are observed both in the methods of sampling and in their timing. Monitoring networks have uneven implementation, management and data sharing. 5. PUBBLIC PARTICIPATION The PP required by WFD have not implemented by all partners until today because the application of WFD is under an early stage (eg. Greece). All partners, however, have had experiences on PP related to water management in other projects that have been implemented in their regions. In Cyprus the PP required by WDF was completed A very important aid to the PP is derived from the procedures that accompany the plans (Study of Environmental Assessment). In Province of Granada and Lucca (Serchio River Basin Authority) more complete experience of PP were held than this required by the WFD. 6. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS The description of methods of economic analysis carried out by the various partners is quite uneven, so it is not possible to make accurate comparisons. Cyprus, Granada and Lucca incorporated it in the Water Management Plans, according the provisions of the WFD. In the Province of Lucca have encountered difficulties in applying the methodology of analysis of the prices proposed by the legislation because of insufficient data and lack of time series. The charging’s system for water services provided by the operators, even if it is consistent with the principles of the WFD, is still limited in terms of cost recovery. At present, it is impossible to calculate the environmental cost and resource. The critical situations shown in the documents of WM Plan, indicate the need for a specific assessment of the overall costs of recovery costs and a proper evaluation of the measures. Due to lack information and short timing of the process drafting of the plan for the basin, the evaluation of the measures was made in a partial and only qualitative. 7. PRICING POLICY Difficult to compare because there are different methods and measurement units. It should be noted that in Italy, with particular reference to the Province of Lucca, there are numerous sources of supply (in all analysed sector except for domestic use) with different prices and different methods for calculating them. For agricultural purposes there are different parameters and different tariffs. The irrigation water price in Cyprus is very high compared with the other countries due to the climate condition. Is worth mentioned that the water reused is also charged but with lowest prices. For domestic use there are similar prices and a scale charge system in all countries. In Greece, the water overconsumption is charged with very high prices. For industrial prices are variables depending on the source of supply. The Province of Lucca is the 'only one in which the water resource is exploited for electricity generation and is subject fee of rate. There isn’t hydro-electric stations in the other countries.



Greece



AGRICULTURE 175 €/Ha

WATER WORKS

0,165 €/m3

0.04 €/m³ 3.08 €/m³

WATERWORKS:

49.85 €/year + 3 €/m3

RECYCLED WATER :

0,06 €/m3

WELLS FOR AGRICOLTURE USE: 25,76 €/year + 1.45*10-7 €/m³

DOMESTIC USE 1.58 €/m3

1.56 €/m3

1.26 €/m³ 1.76 €/m³ WATERWORKS:

21.85 €/year + 1.55 €/m³

INDUSTRY 0.67 €/m3

1.34 €/m3

1.65 €/m³ 2.95 €/m³

WATERWORKS:

227.35 €/year + 2.5 €/m3

WELLS FOR WATER SUPPLY OF INDUSTRY: 2.177,08 €/year + 0.005 €/m

3

OTHER (WELLS FOR WATER SUPPLY OF

WATERWORK)

- - - - WELLS FOR WATER SUPPLY OF

WATERWORK:

362.82 €/year + 6.3*10-6

€/m3

OTHER (ELECTRICITY) - - - -

110,14 €/year + 14,51 €/Kw

8. ANALYSIS BY SECTOR The comparison table has been made for each water management sector is not appropriate for conclusions, thus it has been simplified by using graphical and intuitive methods. It is decided to use the table “AIMS-RESPONSES” refereed to the entire sector and filled in the frame of Water Management analysis competed and delivered by the project’s partners. In this table the Chernoff icon are used to evaluate if the tools applied are effective to reach the aims. For each response’s icon (Chernoff’s Icon) we give a meaning and based on the responses a weighted average was calculated. The following table show the meaning of each icon and its weights:

The target of comparison is simplify, homogenize and give a weight of icons to evaluate the performance of each partner and every cells of the final table is shaded with grey-scale "Word2002" .

Chernoff’s Icon Meaning Weight

tools applied are effective 100

tools applied has not totally effective 50

tools applied has not effective 0

- tool not exist -1



RESPONSE PER SECTOR POLICY

DEVELOPMENTAL ENVIROMENTAL SOCIAL ECONOMICAL

WA

TER M

AN

AG

EMEN

T AN

ALYSIS SEC

TOR

S

1. lakes, rivers (0+0+0+50)/4=12.5

2. groundwaters (0+0+0+0)4=0

3. transitional and coastal water (0+50+50+0+50+100)/6=41.6

4. protected areas (0+0+0+0)/4=0

5. thermal and mineral waters (100+50+100+100)/4=87.5

6. drainage, rain water management (0+0+0+0)/4=0

7. irrigation, water for agricultural use (0+50+0+0)/4=12.5

8. water for energy and industrial use - (0+0-1+100)4=24.75

9. aquaculture – fish and plant farming - fishing (0+0+50+100+0)/5=30

10. water quality control (0+50+0+0)/4=12.5

11. water balance analysis, meteo data (0+50+0+0)/4=12.5

12. surveillance and controls’ policy (0+0+100+100)/4=50

13. drillings, permits and control (100+50+100+50)/4=75

14. water supply, potable water, city pipelines network, water utilities agencies (100+50+50+0)/4=50

15. sewage, sewerage, wastewater treatment and reuse (50+50+100+0)/4=50

RESPONSES PER SECTOR (0+0+0+0+100+0+0+50++0+0+0+0+100+100+50)/15=26.7

(0+0+50+0+50+0+50+50+0+50+50+0+50+50+50)/15=60.06

(0+0+50+100+0+100+0+0-1+50+100+0+0+100+100+50+100)/17= 44.06

(50+0+50+100+0+100+0+0+100+0+0+0+100+50+0+0)/16=34.38

Table 1 - Water Management Analysis per sector in “Water district 10” of Greece






WA

TER M

AN

AG

EMEN

T AN

ALYSIS SEC

TOR

S

1. lakes, rivers (50+0+100+50)/4=50

2. groundwaters (50+0+100+0)/4=37.5

3. transitional and coastal water (100+50+100+100+50)/5=80

4. protected areas (50+100+100+50)/4=75

5. thermal and mineral waters (100+100+100+0)/4=75


7. irrigation, water for agricultural use (100+50+100+0)/4=62.5

8. water for energy and industrial use (100+50+50+50)/4=62.5

9. aquaculture – fish and plant farming - fishing (50+100+50+50)/4=62.5

10. water quality control (50+0+100+50)/4=50


12. surveillance and controls’ policy (50+50+050)/4=37.5




RESPONSES PER SECTOR (50+50+100+50+50+100+0+100+100+50+50+50++50+50+100+50)/16=62.5

(0+0+100+100+100+0+50+50+100+0+0+50+50+50+100)/15=50

(100+100+100+100+100+50+100+50+50+100+50+100+50+100+50)/15=80

(50+0+50+50+0+50+0+50+50+50+50+50+50+50+0)/15=36.66

Table 2 - Water Management Analysis per sector in “Water District” of Cyprus


Province of Granada



WA

TER M

AN

AG

EMEN

T AN

ALYSIS SEC

TOR

S

1. lakes, rivers (50+0+50+50)/4=37.5

2. groundwaters (50+0+50+0)/4=25

3. transitional and coastal water (100+50+50+100)/4=75

4. protected areas (50+50+0+0)/4=25

5. thermal and mineral waters (100+100+50+100)/4=87.5


7. irrigation, water for agricultural use (0+50+50+0)/4=25

8. water for energy and industrial use (50+0+0+100)/4=37.5

9. aquaculture – fish and plant farming - fishing (50+0+50+0)/4=25

10. water quality control (50+0+100+0)/4=37.5


12. surveillance and controls’ policy (50+50+100+50)/4=62.5


14. water supply, potable water, city pipelines network, water utilities agencies (100+50+100+0)/4=62.5

15. sewage, sewerage, wastewater treatment and reuse (0+0+50+0)/4=12.5

RESPONSES PER SECTOR

(50+50+100+50+100+0+0+

50+50+50+100+50+100+1

00+0)/15=56.7

(0+0+50+50+100+0+50+0+

0+0+50+50+0+50+0)/15=2

6.7

(50+50+50+0+50+0+50+0+

50+100+100+100+50+100

+50)/15=53.3

(50+0+100+0+100+0+0+10

0+0+0+0+50+50+0+0)/15=

30

Table 3 - Water Management Analysis per sector in Province of Granada


Province of Lucca



WA

TER M

AN

AG

EMEN

T AN

ALYSIS SEC

TOR

S

1. lakes, rivers - (100+100-1+100)/4=74.75

2. groundwater - (0+0-1+50)/4=12.25

3. transitional and coastal water - (100+50-1+50)/4=49.75

4. protected areas - (-1+100+50+50)/4=49.75

5. thermal and mineral waters - (-1+50+100+100)/4=62.25


7. irrigation, water for agricultural use - (100+0-1+0)/4=24.75

8. water for energy and industrial use - (100+100-1+100)/4=74.75

9. aquaculture – fish and plant farming - fishing - (100-1+100+100)/4=74.75

10. water quality control (50+100+50+100)/4=75

11. water balance analysis, meteo data - (-1+50+50+0)/4=24.75

12. surveillance and controls’ policy - - - (-1+100-1-1)/4=24.25

13. drillings, permits and control - (100+100+50-1)/4=62.25

14. water supply, potable water, city pipelines network, water utilities agencies (50+100+0+0)/4=37.5



(100+0+100-1-

1+0+100+100+100+50-1-

1+100+50+50)/15=49.7

(100+0+50+100+50+0+0+1

00-

1+100+50+100+100+100+

50)/15=59.9

(-1-1-1+50+100+0-1-

1+100+50+50-

1+50+0+0)/15=26.3

(100+50+50+50+100+0+0+

100+100+100+50-1-

1+0+100)/15=53.2

Table 4 - Water Management Analysis per sector in Province of Lucca



Sicily RESPONSE PER SECTOR POLICY


WA

TER M

AN

AG

EMEN

T AN

ALYSIS SEC

TOR

S

1. lakes, rivers - - (-1+50-1+0)/4=12

2. groundwaters (50+50+50+0/4)= 37.5

3. transitional and coastal water (100+50+50+0)/4=50

4. protected areas (50+50+50+0)/4= 37.5

5. thermal and mineral waters (0+0+0+0)/4=0

6. drainage, rain water management - - - (-1+0-1-1)/4=-0.75

7. irrigation, water for agricultural use - (50+0-1+50)/4=12.25

8. water for energy and industrial use - - (-1+50-1+0)/4=12

9. aquaculture – fish and plant farming - fishing (50+100+50+50)/4=62.5

10. water quality control - - (-1+50-1+50)/4=24.5

11. water balance analysis, meteo data - - (-1+50-1+0)/4=12

12. surveillance and controls’ policy - - (-1+50-1+50)/4=24.5

13. drillings, permits and control - (0+0+0-1)/4=-0.25


15. sewage, sewerage, wastewater treatment and reuse - (50+50-1+50)/4=37.25


(-1+50+100+50+0-1+50-

1+50-1-1-

1+0+50+50)/15=26.5

(50+50+50+50+0+0+0+50+

100+50+50+50+0+50+50)/

15=40

(-1+50+50+50+0-

1+50+0+50+50+0+50-

1+50+50)/15= 29.8

(0+0+0+0+0+0-

1+50+0+50+50+0+50-

1+50+50)/15=19.9

Table 5 - Water Management Analysis per sector in Sicily






Greece

(0+0+0+0+100+0+0+50++0+0+0

+0+100+100+50)/15=26.7

(0+0+50+0+50+0+50+50+0+50+

50+0+50+50+50)/15=60.06

(0+0+50+100+0+100+0+0-

1+50+100+0+0+100+100+50+1

00)/17= 44.06

(50+0+50+100+0+100+0+0+100

+0+0+0+100+50+0+0)/16=34.38


(50+50+100+50+50+100+0+100

+100+50+50+50++50+50+100+5

0)/16=62.5

(0+0+100+100+100+0+50+50+1

00+0+0+50+50+50+100)/15=50

(100+100+100+100+100+50+10

0+50+50+100+50+100+50+100

+50)/15=80

(50+0+50+50+0+50+0+50+50+5

0+50+50+50+50+0)/15=36.66

Province of Granada

(50+50+100+50+100+0+0+50+5

0+50+100+50+100+100+0)/15=

56.7

(0+0+50+50+100+0+50+0+0+0+

50+50+0+50+0)/15=26.7

(50+50+50+0+50+0+50+0+50+1

00+100+100+50+100+50)/15=5

3.3

(50+0+100+0+100+0+0+100+0+

0+0+50+50+0+0)/15=30

Province of Lucca

(100+0+100-1-

1+0+100+100+100+50-1-

1+100+50+50)/15=49.7

(100+0+50+100+50+0+0+100-

1+100+50+100+100+100+50)/1

5=59.9

(-1-1-1+50+100+0-1-

1+100+50+50-

1+50+0+0)/15=26.3

(100+50+50+50+100+0+0+100+

100+100+50-1-

1+0+100)/15=53.2

Sicily

(-1+50+100+50+0-1+50-1+50-1-

1-1+0+50+50)/15=26.5

(50+50+50+50+0+0+0+50+100+

50+50+50+0+50+50)/15=40

(-1+50+50+50+0-

1+50+0+50+50+0+50-

1+50+50)/15= 29.8

(0+0+0+0+0+0-

1+50+0+50+50+0+50-

1+50+50)/15=19.9

Table 6 – Comparative grey-scale table of policy responses in the various sector.


RESPONSE OF SECTOR POLICIES



Province of Granada Province of Lucca Sicily

WA

TER M

AN

AG

EMEN

T AN

ALYSIS SEC

TOR

S

1. lakes, rivers (0+0+0+50)/4=12.5 (50+0+100+50)/4=50 (50+0+50+50)/4=37.5 (100+100-1+100)/4=74.75 (-1+50-1+0)/4=12

2. groundwaters (0+0+0+0)4=0 (50+0+100+0)/4=37.5 (50+0+50+0)/4=25 (0+0-1+50)/4=12.25 (50+50+50+0/4)= 37.5

3. transitional and coastal water (0+50+50+0+50+100)/6=41.6 (100+50+100+100+50)/5=80 (100+50+50+100)/4=75 (100+50-1+50)/4=49.75 (100+50+50+0)/4=50

4. protected areas (0+0+0+0)/4=0 (50+100+100+50)/4=75 (50+50+0+0)/4=25 (-1+100+50+50)/4=49.75 (50+50+50+0)/4= 37.5

5. thermal and mineral waters (100+50+100+100)/4=87.5 (100+100+100+0)/4=75 (100+100+50+100)/4=87.5 (-1+50+100+100)/4=62.25 (0+0+0+0)/4=0

6. drainage, rain water management (0+0+0+0)/4=0 (0+0+50+50)/4=25 (0+0+0+0)/4=0 (0+0+0+0)/4=0 (-1+0-1-1)/4=-0.75

7. irrigation, water for agricultural use (0+50+0+0)/4=12.5 (100+50+100+0)/4=62.5 (0+50+50+0)/4=25 (100+0-1+0)/4=24.75 (50+0-1+50)/4=12.25

8. water for energy and industrial use (0+0-1+100)4=24.75 (100+50+50+50)/4=62.5 (50+0+0+100)/4=37.5 (100+100-1+100)/4=74.75 (-1+50-1+0)/4=12

9. aquaculture – fish and plant farming - fishing (0+0+50+100+0)/5=30 (50+100+50+50)/4=62.5 (50+0+50+0)/4=25 (100-1+100+100)/4=74.75 (50+100+50+50)/4=62.5

10. water quality control (0+50+0+0)/4=12.5 (50+0+100+50)/4=50 (50+0+100+0)/4=37.5 (50+100+50+100)/4=75 (-1+50-1+50)/4=24.5

11. water balance analysis, meteo data (0+50+0+0)/4=12.5 (50+0+50+50)/4=37.5 (100+50+100+0)/4=62.5 (-1+50+50+0)/4=24.75 (-1+50-1+0)/4=12

12. surveillance and controls’ policy (0+0+100+100)/4=50 (50+50+050)/4=37.5 (50+50+100+50)/4=62.5 (-1+100-1-1)/4=24.25 (-1+50-1+50)/4=24.5

13. drillings, permits and control (100+50+100+50)/4=75 (50+50+50+50)/4=50 (100+0+50+50)/4=50 (100+100+50-1)/4=62.25 (0+0+0-1)/4=-0.25

14. water supply, potable water, city pipelines

network, water utilities agencies (100+50+50+0)/4=50 (100+50+100+50)/4=75 (100+50+100+0)/4=62.5 (50+100+0+0)/4=37.5 (50+50+50+50)/4=50

15. sewage, sewerage, wastewater treatment and

reuse (50+50+100+0)/4=50 (50+100+50+0)/4=50 (0+0+50+0)/4=12.5 (50+50+0+100)/4=50 (50+50-1+50)/4=37.25

Table 7 – Comparative grey-scale table of policy responses in the various areas of WM analysis.


Comparative analysis of the tables 1,2,3,4 and 5 is resumed in tables 6 and 7. Table 6 presents the response of the tools used in each region in order to achieve the desire aims per sector. Table 7 presents the response of the tools used to achieve the aims for each policy (Developmental, Environmental, Social or Economical). The water management in Cyprus is more efficient that the other participant areas. The tools used (management plans, laws, administrative schemes, manuals, protected zones etch.) in the different sectors are effective and more or less are achieving the set aims. Especially, as far as Social aims are concerned (e.g. provision of good quality water, improvement of quality standard of living) they seem to be achieved very satisfactory but in the contrary the economical aim is not achieving due to the high cost of water management, quantitatively and qualitatively. The water management in Greece have a good efficiency in Environmental sector more than in the other sector. The tools used for all sector analysed among the listed are mainly management plans, monitoring programmes, measures, regulation and studies. This are more effective in Environmental sector than in the other where there are problems of application of regulations, fragmentation of competent authorities, over exploitation of water resource (illegal exploitation of groundwater). In the Spanish region more efficient water management is in Development and Social areas with sufficient results. The tools used are management plans, protection plan, measure programmes, monitoring network, studies and dissemination, that are applied in all sectors but not always with good results. Particulary in the Environmental sector there are, especially from agriculture, pollution problems and high water consumption and problems of wastewater discharges. In the Italian regions, there is a lack of sector policies in the categories analysed in the WM. The greatest deficiencies are in the developmental and economical sectors. The cause of this situation is the existence of many laws that are often not harmonized with each other. They are often sectorial and some issues are not addressed. There may be some overlap of skills in some areas and lacks a holistic approach to all sector policies. The implementation of the WFD and GWD has improved the regulatory situation, however, the absence or delay in implementation means that you do not see the answers. The following is a analyse the main different for each sector of the WM. WMA IN SECTOR: LAKES, RIVERS In this sector, more effective water management policies are applied in the regions of Lucca and Cyprus. The common Strong Point between regions are: good quality of water rivers (except Granada); Water Management Plan approved or under construction. The common Weaknesses are: water consumption is constantly increase, the existence of eutrophication and other pollution source in some water bodies, the reduction of water flow; the difficulty of coordination between the competent authorities. WMA IN SECTOR: GROUNDWATERS In this sector more effective management policies are those of Cyprus and Sicily. The common strong point are: Water management Plan approved or under construction, the existence of monitoring networks and programs to evaluate the quantity and quality of groundwater. The common weaknesses are: the over exploitation of groundwater resource, illegal borehole or lack of control in the licenses. In all the participant areas there are pollution problems and in Italy and Cyprus intrusion of saline water. WMA IN SECTOR: TRANSITIONAL AND COASTAL WATER In this sector, the management policies applied by the various countries are very effective, in particular by Cyprus and Granada. The common Strong Point are: good or acceptable quality of coastal water. The common weaknesses are: high pressure due to urban development in coastal areas and massive tourism. WMA IN SECTOR: PROTECTED AREAS


In this sector more effective management policies are those of Lucca and Cyprus. The common Strong Point are: Register of National Protected Areas. In every countries, except Anatoliki, there are plans or programs for management, development and monitoring protected areas. The common weaknesses are: don’t exist common problems, there are different problems about natural protect areas in each region. WMA IN SECTOR: THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS In this sector more effective management policies are those by Region of Central Macedonia, Greece and Province of Granada. The common Strong Point: in all region there are a high quality of thermal and mineral waters used for bottling and tourism. The weaknesses are different for region: in Greece and Sicily there is the problem of legal framework and in Greece there is a limited exploitation, in Cyprus this sector deprives resource from other, the price are not regulated and in competence of protection zones, in Lucca there are problems of high consumption. WMA IN SECTOR: DRAINAGE, RAIN WATER MANAGEMENT In this sector, the management policies applied by the various countries are low effective. The common Strong Point: in all of countries there is a drainage network, mostly in the cities. The problems outlined are the lack of works for an efficient exploitation of harvest water and the difficult to maintain efficient the existence network. WMA IN SECTOR: IRRIGATION, WATER FOR AGRICULTURAL USE In this sector more effective management policies are those of Cyprus. The common Strong Point: In, Cyprus and Sicily for the irrigation of agricultural areas is used water from drainage system, instead in Lucca areas are used both water from wells and drainage network. In Spain and Greece is used water from wells. The problems outlined are the lack of works for an efficient exploitation for agricultural use, the difficult to maintain efficient the existence work, the pollution from drainage system in urban areas and from nitrate. WMA IN SECTOR: WATER FOR ENERGY AND INDUSTRIAL USE In this sector more effective management policies are those of Lucca and Cyprus. The common Strong Point: Sicily don’t have strong point, in the other regions exist policies for exploitation of renewable resource. In particular, Lucca there is a real effective water use for energy production. Cyprus there is a effective leakage control device. Problem in for water in industrial use: in Greece there are problem for exploitation caused by bureaucracy and legal framework, in Cyprus problem of use caused by climate change e water scarcity, in Spain problem of pollution because industrial waste water is not treated, in Sicily for industry is used valuable water, in Lucca there is an increase of consumption and too many actors for water management in this sector. WMA IN SECTOR: AQUACULTURE – FISH AND PLANT FARMING – FISHING In all regions aquaculture and fisheries are an improving an developing sector. Only in Cyprus the aquaculture industry is reforming and freshwater aquaculture is losing ground. In the Italian regions are in place many policies for the modernization and development of aquaculture in order to reduce environmental impact and icrease employment opportunities. WMA IN SECTOR: WATER QUALITY CONTROL In all countries there are monitoring network. There are problems in collecting and analysing data series in order to develop a trend of quality and lack of manpower for activities of monitoring and controlling.


WMA IN SECTOR: WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS, METEO DATA In all regions there are meteorological networks, they have meteorological and hydrological data from many years and they have used the data for model and for water balance (except Greece). These data and the models applied are effective when used to know and manage the water resource usage in a sustainable way, this is not achieved in all regions. For example in Lucca, meteo-data are used especially for Civil Protection activities but not for update the water balance. WMA IN SECTOR: SURVEILLANCE AND CONTROLS’ POLICY The strong point in all regions is the presence of system of surveillance and control. The problem are the lack of manpower and resource and sometimes the fragmentation/overlapping of competent authorities. WMA IN SECTOR: DRILLINGS, PERMITS AND CONTROL In this sector are important the surveillance and control of borehole and the use of water consumption measurement systems (water meter, hydrometer). There are problem of illegal borehole, to control authorizations and installation of counters. WMA IN SECTOR: WATER SUPPLY, POTABLE WATER, CITY PIPELINES NETWORK, WATER UTILITIES AGENCIES In this sector, the most effective policies appear to be applied in regions with greater water scarcity. The strong point is to have common policies for the strengthening of networks and improvement of services provided. Common weaknesses include: increased demand, efficiency of distribution networks, not recovering service costs by water tariff or fee. Too many actors for water management in this sector. It shows a peculiarity: Lucca complaint, between the points of weakness, the fragmentation that exists in the organization of water services (division of the region in the "Ambito" Authority - ATO). ARPA, however, puts this aspect of their strengths. WMA IN SECTOR: WATER SUPPLY, POTABLE WATER, CITY PIPELINES NETWORK, WATER UTILITIES AGENCIES The policies implemented in the regions are sufficiently effective (except from Granada). The strong points are the presence of common policies for the improvement of the efficiency and distribution of wastewater collection network and treatment plants. Common weaknesses include: the incomplete spread of the wastewater collection network, operational problems in the existing treatment plants, the low uptake of the reuse of treated water.


NUMBER OF LEGISLATIVE TOOLS

NATIONAL LEVEL REGIONAL LEVEL

Law and other tools whit same

level

Decree, regulations and other

tools whit same level

Regional Law and other tools

whit same level

Decree, regulations and other

tools whit same level


Greece

9 8 -- --


Cyprus

17 18 -- --

Province of Granada

7 7 4 2

Province of Lucca

34 21

16 12

Sicily 9 3

Table 8 – Number of legislative tools

The table above compares the number of legislative instruments used in the WM in each region. The comparison is immediately apparent that only in Italy there are two levels of legislation (national and regional) and Italy still has the greatest number of laws decrees and regulations for the WM. This legislation clearly involves problems of competence and spatial and temporal overlapping reported in Section 3. The fragmentation highlighted is sometimes the cause of the reduction in effectiveness of policies for the WM. But there are also advantages in the existence of two legislative levels as possible, respecting the broad outlines of national policy, get the WM policies suited to local characteristics in each region. Especially Italy, which has a large variability of clime, morphology, distribution and presence of water resources and population.

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