Sustainable solutions for a global community. Light Speed All observers measure the same values for o and o regardless of their relative motion.

Galilean-NewtonianRelativity

NPA 19

Curt Renshaw

Sustainable solutions for a global community

Albert Einstein

Light Speed

• All observers measure the same values for eo and mo regardless of their relative motion

• All observers measure the same value for the speed of light, c, regardless of their relative motion

• All observers measure the same values for eo and mo regardless of their relative motion

• All observers measure the same value for the speed of light, c, regardless of their relative motion

Alice Bob

Alice and Bob see an Event

t = d/c

t’ = d’/c

t’ > t

d’

d

Alice Bob

t’ = d’/c

t = d/c

Alice and Bob in Relative Motion

t’ > t

v

Alice Bob

t’ = d’/c

t = d/c

Alice and Bob in Relative Motion

t’ > t

v

Alice Bob

t’ = d’/c

t’ = d’/c

t = d/c

t = d/c

Alice and Bob in Relative Motion

t’ > t

v

v

Alice Bob

t’ = d’/c

t’ = d’/c

t = d/c

t = d/c

Alice and Bob in Relative Motion

t’ > t

v

v

t’ = d’/c

t = d/c

v/2v/2

Alice Bob

d’/t’ = c

d/t = c

A Special Relativistic View

d/t = c

Galilean Relativity

Special Relativity

Alice Bob

d’/t’ = c

d/t = c

A Special Relativistic View

d/t = c

d’/t = c t’ = t

Galilean Relativity

Special Relativity

Alice Bob

d’/t’ = c

d/t = c

A Special Relativistic Correction

d/t = c

d’/ t’ = c

Galilean Relativity

Special Relativity

d’

d’

d’ = d’/ g t’ = t’/g

d’ = d’/ g t’ = t’/g

d’/ t’ = d/t = c

d’ = d’/ g t’ = t’/g

d’/ t’ = d/t = c

Alice Bob

d’/t’ = c

d/t = c

A Special Relativistic Correction

d/t = c

d’/ t’ = c

Galilean Relativity

Special Relativity

d’

d’

d/t = c

d’/ t’ = c

d’

A Special Relativistic Derivation

v

x

x’

vt’

• Algebraic manipulation of the Galilean Transform.• There is no physics here!• Einstein’s assumption has never been tested.

t’ = x’/c

t = x/c

vx’

x Galilean Transform

Special Relativistic Transform

• The Galilean transform can be arranged in such a way as to produce the special relativistic transforms.

• All measurements are transformed to the reference frame of the observer, so the conceptual error in special relativity is not readily detected

• All results are by default consistent with observation.

• Consequently, every derivation of special relativity can also be derived in a purely Galilean framework.

A Special Relativistic Derivation

EM Propagation

Galilean Transform

c’ is the velocity observed in K’ as measured in K.

In K’ the velocity is c.

Maxwell’s Equations

Doppler Shift

K’ wave in K frame

K’ wave in K’ frame

Aberration

v c

c'O

Apparent directionto star

Frequency in K

Frequency in K’

Arbitrary Incidence

B Bcosq

v v

c

q q

Apparent Mass Increase

Conclusion

• Special Relativity is shown to be a manipulation of Galilean-Newtonian space with no real physical significance

• A form-invariant derivation of Maxwell’s equations in Galilean-Newtonian space was derived

• Doppler shift from a variety of perspectives was derived

• Apparent mass increase in particle accelerators was shown to be an interpretation of results, not an actual phenomenon