SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE AND CARBON REDUCTION: 10 th September 2009 The impact on Higher Education Estates
Nov 14, 2014
SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE AND CARBON REDUCTION:
10th September 2009
The impact on Higher Education Estates
The journey so far:
The historical context and the future of funding
Rod MallinderUniversity of Brighton
What do we mean by Sustainability ?Historical context
Life cycle costing
Financial sustainability (Capital and Revenue)
Impact on the environment(BREEAM for HE, CRC, DEC’s, Carbon Plans)
Future of funding ?
What are the Government’s plans for HE ?
Will there be any capital for 2011-14 ?
What will be the effect if there’s a change of Government ?
Future of funding ?Current thinking……………
Some capital but at a reduced level
Capital Investment Framework (CIF 2)- Greater emphasis on sustainability- Linkages between CO2 emissions and
management of space
Future of funding ? Implications for institutions in terms of CIF 2
Carbon reduction Carbon plans (beware the base point) Draft guidance – consultation document
Space Management How will performance be measured? What guidance – review of SMG tools
(AUDE project funded by LGM)
Taking an architectural perspective:
The importance of sustainability in master-planning
Perry HooperGrimshaw
No connection to electrical grid
Optimal orientation for useful passive solar gain
Minimal Foundations
Timber structure, recycled joinery, cedar cladding
Wood-burning masonry stove
Lighting provided by candles and storm lanterns
Natural ventilation by vents/high level windows
Eco Barn, Normandy
Jean-Baptiste Barache
British Pavilion,
Expo 92 Seville
Eden Foundation,
2002
EVA ASSESSMENT
Eden Foundation, 2002
Over 157 – 153 – 71 – 3Under 1Unknown
Carbon Dioxide Emissions – Annual Tonnes Per Person
New Scientist 2000
Thermal mass with exposed concrete structure
Heavy solar shading
Good daylight penetration with generous floor to
ceiling heights
Low velocity air supply with night time purging
Geothermal energy piles for heating and cooling
Solar thermal water heating
Full monitoring of all services systems
Test installations for photovoltaics, ground
source heat pumps and wind power.
Roof top Centre for Efficient and Renewable
Energy in Buildings (CEREB )
Keyworth II London South Bank University
SOUTH BANK UNIVERSITY
KINGSTONUNIVERSITY
CITYUNIVERSITY
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9.80 kg/m
14.50 kg/m
17.50 kg/m
20.98 kg/m
2
2
2
2
14.95 kg/m
15.90 kg/m
16.70 kg/m
?? kg/m
2
2
2
2
Bristol Metropolitan AcademyWilkinson Eyre Architects +Buro Happold
Muse House, LondonBere Architects +Max Fordham
Jessop West, Sheffeld UniSauerbruch Hutton/RMJM +ARUP
Vassall Road Housing, LondonTony Fretton Architects +Bailey Associates
Culloden Battlefield Visitor Centre, InvernessGareth Hoskins Architects +Max Fordham
Creative Exchange, St Neots Cambridgeshire5th Studio Architects +ZEF
Keyworth II, LSBUGRIMSHAW +AECOM
Eden FoundationGRIMSHAW +BDSP AJ 30.07.09
Predicted Annual CO2 Emissions
Lloyd’s Register MCE, Southampton
University of East Anglia
Maritime Centre of Excellence, Southampton
Boldrewood Campus, University of Southampton
Maritime Centre of Excellence,
Southampton
Maritime Centre of Excellence,
Southampton
CHP
All buildings connected to site wide
CHP system
Sustainable urban drainage system
Re-use of grey water
Separation of waste for recycling
Cycling facilities/Links to local buses
Improved biodiversity
Maritime Centre of Excellence Southampton
Strategic planning and adding value:
The planner’s point
of view
Emma AndrewsBNP Paribas Real Estate
Defining Sustainability
‘Sustainable development is the core
principle underpinning planning.
At the heart of sustainable
development is the simple idea
of ensuring a better quality of life
for everyone now and for the
future generations’ (Para 3, PPS1 ‘Planning and Climate Change
2007 )
Government Targets
Legislation
Development Plan
(Statutory regional & local planning policies)
Regional Spatial Strategy
(RSS)
Local Development Framework
(LDF)
Planning Context
Planning Policy Guidance and Statements
Planning Policy
Renewable energy targets
Sustainable design
Water management
Waste management
Reuse of materials / sustainable construction
Location of development
Accessibility – reducing car dependency
Planning by checklist
Development Control
Information requirements
BREEAM
Planning conditions
S106 obligations
Understanding your Local Authority
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street
Practical Steps 1. Understand your planning policy context …. have your say?
2. Nurturing a relationship with Local Planning Authority (LPA) and elected Members
3. Property / Estate Strategy - Masterplanning / Planning Brief
4. Early engagement with LPA and local community in developing application proposals to secure consent
5. Protecting planning permissions
Creating the Framework
University of Hertfordshire
Policy EMP12 - University of Hertfordshire
Any development by the university must accord with the approved supplementary planning guidance for the aerodrome site.
Any further proposals for development on the university's sites in College Lane and Angerland Common shall accord with a Masterplan to be approved by the Council for those sites.
Wellcome Trust Genome Campus
Winner RTPI Planning for Business Award 2005
Creating the Framework
Campus at heart of HumanGenome Project
124 ha (50 acre) site
Grade II* listed building
Ecology/floodplainconstraints
Award-winning Travel Plan
Key Themes
Planning system continuing to change
- Killian Pretty recommendations
- Community Infrastructure Levy (April 2010)
- Conservative Government?
Sustainability remaining high on agenda
Importance of planning ahead
Carbon reduction strategies:
The need for a holistic whole-life approach
Mike SheehanWSP
Carbon Reduction Strategies: The need for a holistic whole-life approach
The Challenge: To respond to the carbon reduction agenda and the risks it places on future funding streams in the most effective way possible
The Proposition: Only by taking a long term view – a holistic whole life approach – can maximum advantage be taken of the opportunities that exist for carbon reduction
Carbon Reduction Strategies: The Breadth of Opportunity
Pot
entia
l for
Car
bon
Red
uctio
n (T
CO
2)
Concept and Master Planning
Design and Implementation
Operations and Maintenance
Behavioural Change
A wide range of opportunities exist at all stages of the lifecycle
There can be strong interaction between the lifecycle stages
Covers Scope 1, 2 and 3
Carbon Reduction Strategies: Understand the Opportunities
Pot
entia
l for
Car
bon
Red
uctio
n (T
CO
2)
Space management -Occupant behaviour
Energy Strategy -Site wide/area wide-Renewables
Energy Efficiency-By design-By supply
Microclimate studyBREEAM higher education
-Funding linkBeyond BREEAM
-Environmental profiling
Etc etc…
New build vs refurbishLow energy demand
-Lean by design-Passive design
Part L Building RegsBREEAM for higher ed.Funding link
Design for occupant behaviour
-Keep it simple-Information for occupants
Etc etc…
Procurement-Appliances /office equipment/ IT-Vehicle fleet / fuels-Energy from renewable sources
Induction / training of staff, students and FM’sNew ways of working / learning Travel planningEtc etc…
Concept and Master Planning
Design and Implementation
Operations and Maintenance
Behavioural Change
Use the facilities as designed
-Controls / meters for lighting, heating, ventilation
Space managementBuilding fabric upgradeEnergy management
-CRC-Monitor / manage / feedback-Energy bureau
Etc etc
Potential financial support (eg ISP / Transformation Funds)
Carbon Reduction Strategies: Understand the implications
For any given set of circumstances there will be a ‘menu’ of opportunities and options, each with their own implications in terms of effectiveness through:
Need to get to this simplified picture for decision making
Carbon reduction potential
Cost (capex, opex, NPV)
Timescales (lead and implementation)
Delivery complications (eg disruption)
Carbon Reduction ‘Projects’
‘Cost’ Lead time Delivery complications
Menu of Carbon Reduction Opportunities and Options
Pot
entia
l for
Car
bon
Red
uctio
n (T
CO
2)
Implementation time
Energy Management
/ ControlsLights / appliances replacement
Staff training
Space management
Building fabric upgrade
Vehicle fleet replacement
District heating scheme
Carbon Reduction Strategies: decision making
Menu of carbon reduction options drawn from all stages of the life cycle allows you to:
Assess the most effective means of protecting funding streams
by achieving reductions targets as they move over time
Pick off the low hanging fruit
Make informed decisions regarding investment
Make informed decisions regarding risk
Carbon Reduction Management Plan
Reduction Carbon Reduction ‘Projects’
‘Cost’ Action plans
CA
RB
ON
FO
OT
PR
INT
(T
CO
2)
2005
BA
SE
LIN
E
2015
IN
TE
RIM
T
AR
GE
T
Energy Management
/ Controls
Lights / appliances replacement
Staff training
Space management
Carbon Reduction Management Plan
Reduction Carbon reduction ‘Projects’
‘Cost’ Behavioural Change
CA
RB
ON
FO
OT
PR
INT
(T
CO
2)
2005
BA
SE
LIN
E
Action Plans
2020
T
AR
GE
T
Building fabric upgrade
Vehicle fleet replacement
District heating scheme
Harvard
Infrastructure master plan to deliver carbon neutral Harvard while doubling campus size
Part of their 50 year sustainability plan
Included carbon budgets for buildings
- On site energy systems
- Ground source chiller heat pump
- Building integrated PVs
- Sewer heat mining
- Biomass CHP
- Wind turbine
London South Bank University
Structural design for new build
Energy efficient
Concrete thermal mass reduces peak temperatures by 3 to 4 degrees
Slabs cooled overnight, large heat exchange area
Founded on geothermal piles containing water and environmentally friendly anti-freeze
University of Gloucester – Oxtalls Campus
Phase 1 building – sealed and structurally cooled
Post occupation monitoring – occupation variations
Phase 2 building – mixed mode approach – natural ventilation at low loads, mechanical ventilation at high loads
Lower energy consumption and capital costs
Easier maintenance
Energy Bureau
Remote data collection and communication via connections to existing meters
Web enabled
Energy monitoring, analysis and alerts
Targets for management intervention
Reduces consumption, validates bills
Example of 30% reduction achieved at
an HQ facility
University of Surrey
Travel plan in support of 77ha new campus
25% staff / student population growth since 1998
Bus services, car share, cycle to work, bike lease, showers etc
Reduction in peak hour traffic achieved
Overcame Highways Agency objection
Benefits to University and local community
SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE AND CARBON REDUCTION:
Questions and Answers