Sustainable Fishery Management / Sustainable Fishery Management

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Sustainable Fishery Management lessons from Japanese management system

Takashi Matsuishi At SERD, AIT, Thailand 24Feb-14Mar, 2014

Japanese Fisheries Management

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Top Down Control

TAC management (7 species)

TAE management (9 sp)

Fishery Rights and Licensing (All fishery / fisher)

Bottom up Control

Community Based Fishery Management

Fishery Cooperative Associations (Almost all)

Fisher’s Group

Expansion and Education

Fishery Agency (ABC for 44 species 83 stocks )

Local Government

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TAC and ABC Regulation Outline

Data collection by Prefectural Fishery Experimental

Centres and Fisheries Research Agency (FRA)水産試験場・水産研究所

Stock assessment by FRA and determine the

Allowable Biological Catch (ABC)生物学的許容漁獲量

Determine the Total Allowable Catch (TAC) 漁獲可能量by

Fishery Agency of Japan 水産庁, and distribute the

quota to fisheries

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Data Collection

Target stocks

44 species 83 stocks (2009)

Coastal stocks (excluding International Stocks such as

salmon, tunas etc)

Fisheries Experimental Centre

46 of 47 prefectures has fisheries research centres

They collect catch statistics, catch fish composition (length,

age, sex ratio, maturity etc)

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Stock Assessment Sheet

Basic biology and ecology of the stock

Current stock and fisheries status 資源水準・漁獲現況

Population Estimation 資源評価

Virtual Population Analysis

Acoustic Survey Analysis etc.

Prediction of the future population dynamics

Allowable Biological Catch ABC 生物学的許容漁獲量

Researchers in Universities also make advices for determining the ABC

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ABC

ABC is calculated following the guideline of the stock

assessment made by FRA.

ABClimit, ABCtarget and other options are indicated.

ABClimit: Biological upper limit of catch

ABCtarget: Biologically preferable catch

Other options: Following Fcurrent, Fsim etc.

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Total Allowable Catch 漁獲可能量

Target stocks: 8 species 19 stocks

Determined based on ABC taking into account the

socio-economic considerations

TAC sometimes exceeds ABClimit

Yearly total catch of the species should be under TAC,

and fishery will be stopped by orders of government

when the total catch reaches to TAC.

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ABC and TAC

ABC: Allowable Biological Catch

Recommended maximum catch by scientist

For 44 species

TAC: Total Allowable Catch

Set by Nation

Based on ABC

Consider the socio-economic aspect

For 8 very important species

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Species under TAC regulation

(2009)

http://abchan.job.affrc.go.jp/digests21/index.html

http://abchan.job.affrc.go.jp/digests21/index.html

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Sardine 鰯マイワシ

Sardinops melanostictus

Pacific Stock

Sea of Japan Stock

Pacific Stock Sea of Japan Stock

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Horse mackerel 鰺アジ

Trachurus japonicus

Pacific Stock Tsushima Stock


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Common Mackerel 鯖マサバ

Scomber japonicus



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Blue Mackerel 鯖ゴマサバ

Scomber australasicus



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Pacific saury 秋刀魚サンマ

Cololabis saira

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Walleye Pollock 介党鱈スケトウダラ

Theragra chalcogramma



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Snow crab 楚蟹ズワイガニ

Chionoecetes opilio

Pacific Stock Sea of Japan A Stock

Pacific Stock Sea of Japan A Stock

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Japanese flying squid 鯣烏賊

Todarodes pacificusスルメイカ

Winter spawning population Autumn spawning population

Winter pop. Autumn pop.

ABC for Sardine

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19

Sardine イワシ鰯

Sardinops melanostictus

20cm at age 4

Very common in 1980’s but disappeared from latter

1990’s

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Catch of Sardine in Japan

Ca

tch

(1

00

0t)

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Catch of Sardine in Japan (cont.)

Ca

tch

(1

00

0t)

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Procedure of Stock Assessment Catch at Age(1976-2010)

Estimated Population at Age(1976-2010) Estimated Fishing Mortality(1976-2010)

Predicted Population(2011)

Predicted Population Dynamics

Predicted Recruitment Assumed Fishing Operation

Allowable Biological Catch Total Allowable Catch


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Catch at age

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Catc

h a

t age(1

E9)

Year

25








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Estimated Biomass (B) and

Exploitation Ratio (E)

Bio

ma

ss (

10

00

t)

Ex

plo

ita

tio

n R

ate

(%

)

B E

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Estimated Biomass (B) and

Exploitation Ratio (E) cont.

Bio

ma

ss (

10

00

t)

Ex

plo

ita

tio

n R

ate

(%

) B E

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Stock Recruitment Relationship

Re

cru

itm

en

t (m

illi

on

)

SSB (1000t)

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Example of a prediction

in future population dynamics

Ca

tch

(1

00

0t)

90%tile

median

10%tile

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Allowable Biological Catch

ABC is predicted catch in the fishing mortality that

the population is sustainable.

Scenarios F/Fcur E C2015 Aver.

C2011-

2015

Prob.

B>Blimit

Prob.

SSB>SSB

cur

ABC

2012

Current Fisheries 1.0 18% 116-826Kt 265Kt 100% 84% 135Kt

SSB rehabilitation 1.75 29% 91-765Kt 296Kt 71% 45% 210Kt

Keep current SSB 2.06 32% 77-614Kt 283Kt 58% 33% 236Kt

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Total Allowable Catch TAC

TAC was also decided based on ABC by Fisheries Agency

Japan with taking into account economical and social

considerations.

Fishing operation will be stopped when the cumulative

landing exceed the TAC.

TAC, ABC, and Catch of Sardine

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Data used in this scheme

Catch statistics for all region and all fisheries for very

long time.

Result of age determination for every year from large

sampling work.

Real time monitoring of the landing in every ports to

know the achievement of the cumulative catch to TAC.

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Walleye Pollock

Sea of Japan Stock

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Walleye Pollock

Sea of Japan Stock

One of the most

important fisheries

resources in Japan

Mainly for Roe (egg)

products and Fish Cake

(Surimi)

Korean eat it as hot-pot

food (Chige)

http://www.marusui.co.jp/shop/38_9.html

http://www.gyoren.or.jp/melma/041120mag_g.html

http://wpedia.search.goo.ne.jp/

http://www.marusui.co.jp/shop/38_9.html

http://www.gyoren.or.jp/melma/041120mag_g.html

http://wpedia.search.goo.ne.jp/

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Data Collection

Widely sampled and aged

Acoustic Survey

Interview to Fishers


with Tuning

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Catch of Walleye Pollock (JS) C

atc

h in

1000t

Year

Korea

Main land

Gillnet

Trawler

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Reproduction Rate

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Result of Simulation

Predicted Catch Predicted Spawning Stock Biomass

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Result of Stock Assessment

Catch Prob.1 Prob.2

Fcurrent F=0.57 21,900t 0.0% 85.1%

Fsus F=0.26 10,400t 0.2% 0.7%

ABC F=0.24 9,700t 0.4% 0.2%

Frec10y F=0.02 900t 41.5% 0.0%

Catch: Expected Catch in 2010

Prob.1: Probability to recover Preferable Stock Level 140,000t in 2020

Prob.2: Probability to fall to the full ban stock level 30,000t in 2020

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TAC of Walleye Pollock JS 2010

Catch Prob.1 Prob.2

TAC 16,000t 0.0% 50%

ABC 9,700t 0.4% 0.2%

Catch: Expected Catch in 2010

Prob.1: Probability to recover Preferable Stock Level 140,000t in 2020

Prob.2: Probability to fall to the full ban stock level 30,000t in 2020

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Procedure of TAC Decision

The procedure is not opened.

TAC sometimes does not based on ABC but other option

The socio-economic consideration is not quantified and

unclear

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An proposal for

the TAC decision

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Fishery System

Fishery system consisted from fishers and fish stock.

Both of them are necessary for making sound fishery and stock management.

The success probability of the system is the production of

the success probability of fishery

and success probability of fish stock

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Probability of

Management Success

For Success of management Both success are necessary

Biological success：Maintaining Spawning stock biomass and/or Stock Biomass

Economical Success：Maintaining Net Revenue

Suppress of Fishery Activity Increase Biological Success

Decrease Economical Success

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Stock with high biomass

Fishing Pressure

Succe

ss Pro

b.

Proper range ABC

TAC =

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Stock with low biomass

Fishing Pressure

Succe

ss Pro

b.

Econ. Suc. Prob Biol. Suc. Prob.

ABC TAC

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Stock with low demand

Fishing Pressure

Succe

ss Pro

b.

Proper range ABC TAC

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Estimating Proper Fishing Pressure

Estimate of Biological Success Probability

Already calculated

Precision should be increase

Estimation of Economic Success Prob.

Unclear

Develop the method

Data collection

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Widen the proper area

Increase Biol. Suc. Prob.

Care the spawning grounds

Avoid Ocean Pollution etc.

Increase the precision of the stock assessment

Increase Econ. Suc. Prob.

Lower the costs

Increase Effectiveness

Find new markets

Added Value, Advertisement

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Stock with low biomass

Fishing Pressure

Succe

ss Pro

b.

Econ. Suc. Prob Biol. Suc. Prob.

ABC TAC

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Increaseing Success Probability

Fishing Pressure

Succe

ss Pro

b.

ABC

TAC =

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ΔBiomass＝Recruitment+Growth

－Catch－Natural Mortality

Net Income＝Unit Price×Catch

－Costs