Sustainable Development: Cooperation in FEALAC Sustainable Development: Cooperation in FEALAC October ，２００ 7 Economy and Society WG Delegation of Japan.

Sustainable Development: Sustainable Development: Cooperation in FEALAC Cooperation in FEALAC

OctoberOctober ，２００，２００ 77Economy and Society WGEconomy and Society WG

Delegation of JapanDelegation of JapanECO/2007/14ECO/2007/14

FEALAC and the FEALAC and the Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

The 4The 4thth Economy and Society WG conclu Economy and Society WG concluded that sustainable development, especided that sustainable development, especially the Clean Development Mechanism, ally the Clean Development Mechanism, should be one of its core programmes….should be one of its core programmes….

Why?Why?How?How?

International framework on climate changeUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Goal: Stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere opened for signature at the World Summit in 1992 and came into force in 1994. concluded by 188 nations and the European Union.

Kyoto Protocol obliged developed countries etc. to reduce GHG emissions by assigned percents compared to their 1990 levels in 5 years from 2008, adopted in Kyoto in Dec. 1997.

Commitment to reduction of GHG emissions（ compared to their 1990 levels）Japan　－ 6％US － 7%EU － 8%

Commitments of all partiesTo develop a national inventory of anthropogenic emissionsTo formulate a national programme to mitigate climate change, etc.

Commitments of developed countriesReport on policies and measures to reduce emissions to 1990 level.

Commitments of developed countries to assist developing countries

Financing, technology transfer, capacity building

Canada － 6%Australia +8%Russia ±0%

Annex I PartiesAnnex I PartiesAnnex I Annex I Parties Parties

Reduction Reduction commitment (% commitment (% ofof base year) base year)

Annex I Parties Annex I Parties Reduction Reduction commitment commitment (% of base (% of base year) year)

Annex I Parties Annex I Parties Reduction Reduction commitment commitment (% of base (% of base year) year)

Australia Australia 88 Portugal Portugal -8-8 Lithuania Lithuania -8-8Austria Austria -8-8 Spain Spain -8-8 Poland Poland -6-6BelgiumBelgium -8-8 Sweden Sweden -8-8 Romania Romania -8-8

Canada Canada -6-6 SwitzerlandSwitzerland -8-8 Russian Russian FederationFederation 00

Denmark Denmark -8-8 Turkey Turkey -- Slovakia Slovakia -8-8Finland Finland -8-8 U.K.U.K. -8-8 Slovenia Slovenia -8-8France France -8-8 USA USA -7-7 Ukraine Ukraine 00Germany Germany -8-8 Monaco Monaco -8-8 　　 　　GreeceGreece -8-8 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein -8-8 　　 　　Iceland Iceland 1010 KazakhstanKazakhstan -- 　　 　　Ireland Ireland -8-8 Belarus Belarus -- 　　 　　Italy Italy -8-8 Bulgaria Bulgaria -8-8 　　 　　Japan Japan -6-6 Croatia Croatia -5-5 　　 　　Luxembourg Luxembourg -8-8 Czech RepublicCzech Republic -8-8 　　 　　NetherlandNetherland -8-8 Estonia Estonia -8-8 　　 　　New ZealandNew Zealand 00 Hungary Hungary -6-6 　　 　　Norway Norway 11 Latvia Latvia -8-8 　　 　　

Annex I PartiesAnnex I PartiesAnnex I Annex I Parties Parties

Reduction Reduction commitment (% commitment (% ofof base year) base year)

Annex I Parties Annex I Parties Reduction Reduction commitment commitment (% of base (% of base year) year)

Annex I Parties Annex I Parties Reduction Reduction commitment commitment (% of base (% of base year) year)

Australia Australia 88 Portugal Portugal -8-8 Lithuania Lithuania -8-8Austria Austria -8-8 Spain Spain -8-8 Poland Poland -6-6BelgiumBelgium -8-8 Sweden Sweden -8-8 Romania Romania -8-8

Canada Canada -6-6 SwitzerlandSwitzerland -8-8 Russian Russian FederationFederation 00

Denmark Denmark -8-8 Turkey Turkey -- Slovakia Slovakia -8-8Finland Finland -8-8 U.K.U.K. -8-8 Slovenia Slovenia -8-8France France -8-8 USA USA -7-7 Ukraine Ukraine 00Germany Germany -8-8 Monaco Monaco -8-8 　　 　　GreeceGreece -8-8 Liechtenstein Liechtenstein -8-8 　　 　　Iceland Iceland 1010 KazakhstanKazakhstan -- 　　 　　Ireland Ireland -8-8 Belarus Belarus -- 　　 　　Italy Italy -8-8 Bulgaria Bulgaria -8-8 　　 　　Japan Japan -6-6 Croatia Croatia -5-5 　　 　　Luxembourg Luxembourg -8-8 Czech RepublicCzech Republic -8-8 　　 　　NetherlandNetherland -8-8 Estonia Estonia -8-8 　　 　　New ZealandNew Zealand 00 Hungary Hungary -6-6 　　 　　Norway Norway 11 Latvia Latvia -8-8 　　 　　

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10

1990 2000

(2005)+8.1%

▲6% Target

Past actual emissions

（％）

Target Setting of the PlanThe Kyoto Target Achievement Plan

* One percent of the base year emissions is equivalent to 12.6 million ton-CO2

2010

6.5% reduction by additional domestic measures

Removal by sinks (3.9%)

Kyoto Mechanism(1.6%)

Projected level by the current plan: +6.0% over the base year

12.0%

▲0.5%

* 　 3 GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2)

The Kyoto Mechanism

Clean Development MechanismJoint ImplementationEmission Trading

Annex I Party [A]

Annex I Party [B]

Payment

Annex I Party [Ａ ]

Investment Technology

Annex I Party[A]

InvestmentTechnology

Annex I Party [B]

Emission Reduction Project

Emission Reductions

Non-Annex I Party

[B]Emission Reduction Project

EmissionReductions

A market-based system that allow the flexibility for Annex I Parties to buy and sell emission reductions in order to honor the commitment.

Emission reduction projects jointly implemented by entities within Annex I Parties . Emission reductions can be transferred to donor country to honor its commitment.

Emission reduction projects jointly implemented between industrialized country and developing country. Emission reductions can be transferred to donor country to honor its commitment.

These trades and projects can be carried out by private entities as well as parties.

Emission reductions

CO2 Emissions

Source： CO2 Emissions from Fossil Fuel Combustion, OECD

２００ 4１９９０Worldwide ： 26.58billion CO2 tonnes

China17.9%

EU1512.5%

India4.1%

Other Asia7.0%

Middle East4.5%

Africa3.1%

Latin America3.4%

US21.8%

Japan4.6% Russia

5.7%

Others15.4%Others 18.8%

Middle East 2.7%

Latin America4.4%

Other Asia 4.4%India2.9%

J apan5.0% Russia

10.0%China11.5%

EU1514.7%

US22.8%

Afirica 2.8%

Worldwide ： 21.34 billion CO2 tonnes

GHG Emission EstimateGHG Emission EstimateIPCC92a Scenario

3,929 3,6374,211

6,255

1,826 2,3163,030

7,482

4,7854,754

01,0002,0003,0004,0005,0006,0007,0008,000

1990 1994 2000 2010 2020

Millio

n-t

Industrialised Countries Developing Countries

CO2 Emissions

CO2 Emission per capita(2000）

CO2 Emission per GDP(2000）

CO2 Emissions/Population(2000)(t-CO2 / capita)

0 5 10 15 20 25

WorldOECD Total

AfricaMiddle East

Latin AmericaIndia

J apanRussiaChina

EUU.S.A.

Source: CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion, OECD, 1971-2000CO2 Emissions/ GDP(2000)

(kg-CO2 / US$ using 1995 prices and exchange rates)

0 1 2 3 4 5

WorldOECD Total

AfricaMiddle East

Latin AmericaIndia

JapanRussiaChina

EUU.S.A.

Source: CO2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion, OECD, 1971-2000

Targets of cooperation in Targets of cooperation in FEALACFEALAC

1.1. Enhance finding/formation of CDM projEnhance finding/formation of CDM projects and transactions of Emission Reduects and transactions of Emission Reduction among FEALAC members.ction among FEALAC members.

2.2. Policy coordination in international fora.Policy coordination in international fora.

CDM project finding and formation: CDM project finding and formation: JapanJapan’s cooperation tools’s cooperation tools

• Network formation through Young Leaders Network formation through Young Leaders Pogramme with experts in CDMPogramme with experts in CDM

• Technical cooperation by JICA & JETROTechnical cooperation by JICA & JETRO• Finance by JBICFinance by JBIC

CDM Projects(Registered or in process in UN)

ＵＮＥＰ : CDM pipeline overview　（ 2007)

By Countries and Regions

By Project Types

China48%

India17%

Other Asia11%

Brazil8%

Other Latin America5%

Mexico3%

South Africa4%

Europe/Central Asia

0%

Chile2%

MENA

2%

HFCs ・ PFCs26%

Methane18%

N2O12%

Energy Efficiency9%

Biomass power generation8%

Hydro power9%

Carbon Conversion7%

Wind Power6%

Afforestation/Reforestation0%

Others4%

Other renewable energies1%

CDM/JI Projects with JapanCDM/JI Projects with Japan

Biomass,22

Methane, 21

Hydro,15

EnergyEfficienc

y, 14

Wind, 11

HFC, 6Other, 5

N2O, 4

98 Projects (CDM ; 93 JI ; 5)Total Reduction 48,114,000 t-CO2/y (approved as of January 17, 2007)

China, 23

OtherAsia, 12

Brazil, 11OtherMiddle-South

America,8

SouthKorea, 7

Malaysia,7

Chile, 5

Honduras,5

India, 4

Africa, 3Middle- East

Europe(CDM), 4Vietnam,

4

Project type Countries and Regions

Policy Coordination in International Fora

Progress in COP/MOP2 in Nairobi (November 2006)– Steps forward to include Carbon Capture a

nd Storage in CDM projects– Enhancement of small-scale CDM projects

to promote energy efficiency– Agreement to elaborate a new guidance on

afforestation/reforestation

Strategic Lines of Strategic Lines of Cooperation in FEALACCooperation in FEALAC

Explore further areas of mutual interest to Explore further areas of mutual interest to seek major possibilities of cooperation.seek major possibilities of cooperation.

Major contacts and exchanges among CMajor contacts and exchanges among CDM experts of FEALAC Members.DM experts of FEALAC Members.

Major effort to enhance works in CDM ExMajor effort to enhance works in CDM Executive Board in the areas of energy efficiecutive Board in the areas of energy efficiency and afforestation/reforestation.ency and afforestation/reforestation.

Thank you

Gracias