December 4, 2007 December 4, 2007 Graduate Seminar in Environmental Graduate Seminar in Environmental Science and Policy Annual Project Science and Policy Annual Project Sustainability Sustainability — — The Next Step: The Next Step: Estimating UW Estimating UW - - Green Bay Green Bay ’ ’ s s Carbon Footprint Carbon Footprint
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December 4, 2007December 4, 2007Graduate Seminar in Environmental Graduate Seminar in Environmental Science and Policy Annual ProjectScience and Policy Annual Project
SustainabilitySustainability——The Next Step: The Next Step: Estimating UWEstimating UW--Green BayGreen Bay’’s s
Carbon FootprintCarbon Footprint
Global Climate Change- Polarization?
"We're doing great, thank God. The American economy is flourishing. We're using more fossil fuels. We're putting more CO2 in the air. The coal plants are running at record levels. Business has never been better. We're doing great!"Fred Palmer, Western Fuels Association
Global Climate Change
February 2, 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
“Unequivocal” evidence that human activity was “Very Likely”the driving force of increased global temperatures
Awarded Noble Peace Prize on October 12, 2007
NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies declared 2006 the 5th warmest year on record since the 1880s
2005, 1998, 2002, 2003 and 2006
A recent study showed that of 928 submitted papers on climate change between 1998-2003 none disagreed with the consensus position (Science, 2004)
Wisconsin - Declaration of Energy Independence
Signed by Gov. Jim Doyle on July 7, 2007Public-Private joint effort to achieve the following goals:
Generate 25% of electricity & fuel from renewables by 2025Capture 10% market share for production of renewables by 2030National Leader in groundbreaking research on alternative energiesUW-Green Bay will be 1 of 4 of the UW campuses to become “energy independent” by 2012
American College & University Presidents Climate Commitment
Signed September 2007Long range plan to reduce & eventually eliminate greenhouse gas emissions
Complete carbon emissions inventoryWithin 2 years set target date to become climate neutralTake immediate steps to reduce GHG emissionsIntegrate sustainability into curriculumDevelop transparent reporting system of carbon inventory, make available to public
Project Overview
Within 1 year (September 2008) carbon inventory is due.
Annual inventory reporting requirementsCarbon inventory = carbon footprint Initial attempt to calculate the carbon inventoryThis effort will assist the Campus Sustainability Committee .
Project Approach
Used the Clean Air-Cool Planet Emission Inventory CalculatorTime frame for project original goal FY 2000-2007, presenting FY 2001-2007Direct and Indirect Emissions of GHG’sconverted to eCO2Calculated the amount of carbon sequestered
What is eCO2?
A metric measure used to compare the emissions from various greenhouse gases based upon their global warming potential.
An internationally accepted measure that expresses the amount of global warming of greenhouse gases in terms of the amount of carbon dioxide that would have the same global warming potential
Capstone Project
Scope 1: direct GHGs from institutional owned or controlled sourcesScope 2: indirect emissions generated by the production of electricity consumed by the institutionScope 3: all other indirect emissionsCarbon Sequestration: Carbon sequestered on managed properties
Sources of EmissionsSources of Emissions
NZBCSD, 2002
On Campus Stationary SourcesOn Campus Stationary Sources
Determining the Greenhouse Gases emitted from the on-campus burning of fossil fuels and the leaking of Hydrofluorocarbons from refrigeration and air conditioning equipmentThe calculations in this scope also figured in the effects of solar energy generated on campus
Gathering the Data
Data collection for this scope entailed contacting and meeting with several campus operational supervisors and managers
Year Total Gallons kWh2003 44,622,007 148,5192004 43,133,098 140,5362005 42,069,502 125,8462006 38,992,155 124,0232007 37,787,015 114,559
Water/Wastewater
kWh of electricity included in Scope 2 purchased electricity.
MMBTUs of natural gas included in Scope 1 Campus Stationary Nat. Gas.
Gallons of fuel oil included in Scope 1 Stationary Sources Distillate Oil #1- #4.
Commuter Information
This information was part of the 2005Capstone project titled “Building on the UW-Green Bay Master Plan: Promoting Sustainability” within the Transportation Management section.
Recommendations
Meter and bill students for actual electrical usage.Use Energy Star vending machines.Install proximity switches in Cofrin Library and stairwells for reduced lightingLengthen the timeframe for “dorm wars”with incremental incentives.
Carbon OffsetsCarbon Offsets
Carbon Sequestration
CO2Photosynthesis
CO2Photosynthesis
CO2 PlantsRespirationCO2 PlantsRespiration
CO2 MicrobesRespiration
CO2 MicrobesRespiration
CO2 RootsRespirationCO2 RootsRespiration
BiomassBiomass
SoilSoil
CO2 DetritusDecompositionCO2 Detritus
Decomposition
ObjectivesObjectivesDetermine vegetation type and area for Determine vegetation type and area for UWUW--Green BayGreen Bay’’s managed propertiess managed propertiesEstimate sequestration rate for each Estimate sequestration rate for each vegetation type using published peervegetation type using published peer--reviewed datareviewed dataEstimate the amount of eCOEstimate the amount of eCO22sequestered by UWsequestered by UW--Green BayGreen Bay’’s s managed propertiesmanaged properties
UWGBUWGB’’ssPropertiesProperties
Toft Point
Peninsula Center
Point au Sauble
UWGB Campus
Kingfisher Farm
Conifer, Swamp
Marsh
Conifer,Northern
Grasses, Uncut
Grasses, Uncut
Conifer, Red Pine
Hardwood, Swamp
Hardwood, Northern
Hardwood,Northern
Grasses, Uncut
Hardwoods
Grasses,Mowed
Grasses,Uncut
Grasses, Uncut
Hardwood,North
Prairie
Agricultural1%
Brush, Bottomland0%
Conifer, Northern25%
Conifer, Red Pine1%
Conifer, Swamp4%
Conifer, White Pine0%
Grasses, Mowed13%
Grasses, Prairie1%
Grasses, Uncut22%
Hardwoods, Bottomland1%
Hardwoods, Maple1%
Hardwoods, Northern17%
Hardwoods, Oak2%
Hardwoods, Swamp4%
Marsh8%
UWGB Vegetation Type by Area
Total Area: 677 hectares
Sequestration RatesSequestration RatesDetermining rates requires several years Determining rates requires several years worth of dataworth of dataRates are affected by water availability, Rates are affected by water availability, nitrogen levels, temperature, stand age, nitrogen levels, temperature, stand age, and levels of atmospheric gases (Gower and levels of atmospheric gases (Gower and Ahl, 2006)and Ahl, 2006)Rates used are averages from several Rates used are averages from several sourcessources
Vegetation TypeVegetation Type eCOeCO22 Sequestration Sequestration (MTeCO(MTeCO22haha--11yryr--11))
SourceSource
Agricultural 1.172 Johnson, et al. 2005
Brush, Bottomland 0.843 Ferguson, 2003
Conifer, Northern 2.492 Campbell, et al. 2004
Conifer, Red Pine 2.492 Campbell, et al. 2004
Conifer, Swamp 0.806 Campbell, et al. 2004
Conifer, White Pine 2.492 Campbell, et al. 2004
Grasses, Mowed 2.931 Qian, et al. 2003
Grasses, Prairie 2.070 Kucharik, et al. 2006
Grasses, Uncut 2.107 Kucharik, et al. 2006
Hardwoods, Bottomland 1.869 Campbell, et al. 2004
Hardwoods, Maple 1.869 Campbell, et al. 2004
Hardwoods, Northern 1.869 Campbell, et al. 2004
Hardwoods, Oak 2.675 Campbell, et al. 2004
Hardwoods, Swamp 0.806 Campbell, et al. 2004
Marsh 0.916 Nebraska DNR, 2001
Lowest0.806
Highest02.931
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450MT CO
2e/yr
Carbon Dioxide (e) Sequestered by Vegetation Type
413
262
316
214
eCOeCO22 sequestered per yearsequestered per year
1403 MTeCO1403 MTeCO22yr yr --11
ResultsResults
UWGB has 677 ha of vegetationUWGB has 677 ha of vegetationSequestration rates vary from 0.8 to 3 Sequestration rates vary from 0.8 to 3 MTeCOMTeCO22haha--11yryr--11
1403 MTeCO1403 MTeCO22yryr--11 is sequestered with a is sequestered with a range of 323 to 2730 MTeCOrange of 323 to 2730 MTeCO22yryr--11
Carbon sequestered offsets <4% of Carbon sequestered offsets <4% of UWGB carbon emissionsUWGB carbon emissions
RecommendationsRecommendations
Maintain native species and allow natural Maintain native species and allow natural successionsuccessionReduce fertilization and mowing of grass Reduce fertilization and mowing of grass areasareasUpdate vegetation inventoryUpdate vegetation inventory
Clean Air-Cool Planet
Campus Carbon Calculator
What is it?
Includes greenhouse gases specified by Kyoto ProtocolSpreadsheets based on the IPCC workbooks for national level inventoriesWill calculate emissions by each greenhouse gas, as well as, eCO2
General Raw Data
Operating BudgetResearch DollarsEnergy BudgetFull Time/Part Time/Summer School StudentsFaculty/StaffTotal Building Space
INPUT MODULE: Begin by entering data here
EMISSION FACTORS MODULE: Used in calculation - no input
needed
REFERENCE
SUMMARY MODULE: After entering all data, view results in spreadsheet or graph form using these worksheets.
Advanced Energy Demand and Cost Module
Project Calculator
EF_ElectricSummary of Electric
Emission Factors
EF_ElectricMapMap of electric supply regions
EF_ElectricCO2
Emission factors of CO2 per
PrimaryInput
Data used in emissions
calculations
S_CO2_SumSummary of all CO2
emissions by sector
S_CH4_SumSummary of all CH4
emissions by sector
S_N2O_SumSummary of all N2O emissions by sector
EF_ElectricCH4N2O
Emission factors per
kW h
EF_CO2Carbon Dioxide
emissions factors by source
EF_N2ONitrous Oxide
emissions factors by source
EF_CH4 Methane emissions
factors by source
Graph ControlList and links to all graphs and other Summary Data
Annual ReportDetailed emissions
for each year
DemographicsDescriptive
demographic data, such as emissions
per student.
SummarySummary of all greenhouse gas
emissions by sector and scope
EF_SolidW asteSolid waste
disposal and combustion
EF_Refrigerants
Refrigerants and
EF_AnimalsEnteric
Fermentation & Manure
EF_AgricultureFertilizer and other
sources
IntroductionInstructions
TroubleshootingFAQs and other hints
EF_Transportation
Commuter, fleet and
EF_SteamUpstream
emissions from steam
EF_W aterUpstream
emissions from chilled water
Input_InflAdgAdjusts budget
figures for inflation
EF_ConstantsConstants and
conversion factors
EF_CH4N2OMethane and
Nitrogen Dioxide emission factors
EF_CarbonContent
Carbon Content of various fuels (for CO2
EF_HeatingValue
Heating content of various fuels
ReferenceList of sources for all factors and methods
EF_StationaryAll On-campus
sources of emissions
EF_OffsetOffsets and Sinks
EF_EnergyEnergy use factors
by source
S_CO2Carbon Dioxide
emissions by source
S_CH4Methane emissions
by source
S_N2ONitrous Oxide
emissions by source
S_EnergyEnergy use factors
by source
S_Energy_SumSummary of all
energy use by sector
GlossaryList of terms
S_NRG_MMBtu
Summary of all energy use by
Fossil Fuel
NRG_%Calculated Fossil Fuel
Mix, Estimated Future Mix
NRG_MMBtuEnergy Use
Demand, Estimated Future Demand
NRG_$Calculated Cost
of Energy, Estimated Future
Cost
Est_$_MMBtuCost per unit
energy of fossil fuel
Custom Fuel MixFor users who know the % fuel sources for their purchased
Input_CommuterAdditional data
needed for commuters
Project InputEstimates emissions
from projects
Project SummaryDisplays project
emisisons
EF_ElectricEnergy
MMBTUs per kW h for each electric
EF_GW PGlobal warming
potentials for various chemicals
Custom Fuel Mix Conversion
Calculations based on % inputs
EF_Project Project emisisons
factors
Total emissions eCO2 per year
Total Emissions (Metric Tons eCO2)
-
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
eCO
2 (M
etric
Ton
s)
Emissions per person at UWGBMetric Tons eCO2 / Community members
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Tota
l Em
issio
ns p
er S
tude
nt(M
etri
c To
ns e
CO
2 / C
omm
unity
)
Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions by Sector
0
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
40,000,000
45,000,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Tota
l Car
bon
Dio
xide
Em
issi
ons (
kg C
O2 )
Solid Waste
Transportation
On-campus Stationary
Purchased Steam and Chilled w ater
Purchased Electricity
2007 eCO2 outputs
0%0%0%0%0%
Stationary Sources
34%
Purchased Electricity
46%
Refrigeration1%
Transport Total19%
Are we offsetting any emissions?
Sequestration is a way of offsetting emissions and it is NOT enoughWe are only offsetting, through sequestration, 1403 Metric Tons eCO2, out of ~37,000 Metric Tons eCO2
Offsetting our emissions will not make this campus energy independent (zero emissions) by 2012
Are any emissions being offset?Total Emissions, Total Offsets, and Net Emissions
05,000
10,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,000
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Emis
sion
s (m
etric
tons
eC
O2)
Total Emissions (MTeCO2)Net Emissions (MTeCO2)Total Offsets (MTeCO2)
What can we do with the Calculator?
Examine our emissionsWhere are they coming from?Can we reduce them?
See the emissions reductions of different potential projectsMake recommendations for emission reductions and energy savings
From Carbon to Sustainability
Link from carbon to sustainability
Understanding the University’s carbon footprint is the First Step
Reducing global warming emissionsWorking towards sustainability
Using our resources wisely today for the next generation
Opportunity to set a positive example in the community
UW-Green Bay
Long history of being a proactive environmental institution
Ecological awareness and environmental stewardship founding principalsOnce known as Eco-UWill UW-GB resurrect itself & become a “greener” institution????
Oberlin College
Rated #1 Green College in US60% electricity is bought from renewables1/3 food served is grown locallyStudent activity fees subsidize public transportationReal time monitoring of energy usage in dorms
Talloires Declaration ~ 1990
“Universities educate most of the people who develop and manage society’s institutions. For this reason, universities bear profound responsibilities to increase awareness, knowledge, technologies, and tools to create an environmentally sustainable future.”
Recommendations
Education is KEYIntegrate Sustainability into coursework
Modify the CurriculumGeneral Educational Requirement
Education and Business MajorsMajor component of:
Intro to Environmental ScienceEnvironment and Society
Student Orientations
Reducing Our Footprint
Heating and cooling is a big part of total emissions
2002: 10,966 eCO2= 33%2007: 12,964 eCO2= 35%
Building efficiency is critical.Conventional building ventilation standards and mechanisms can be wasteful.
DCV - Demand - Control Ventilation
Most Significant, Feasible, Cost-effective means to saving Energy and $
Ventilates on Real Time OccupancySelf Calibrating CO2 Sensors
Demo Projects savings of 5% - 80%
DCV Costs
1 Sensor per 5,000 ft2LS 22 sensorsCampus 220 sensors
Sensor Cost ~ $66,000Installation Cost ~ $126,000Payback of 2 to 10 months
DCV $ Savings
Laboratory Sciences Building (LS) Savings $14,790 - $41,330
33% - 57%
Entire Campus$250,000 - $780,000
52% - 77%
DCV CO2 Savings
Results in terms of CO2 savings
DCV CO2 Savings
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
MT e
CO
2
37,216 MTeCO2 18,864 MTeCO2 8,560 MTeCO2
77%52%
Final Recommendation
UW receives money via General Purpose Revenues (GPR)
Any unencumbered balance is reverted back to GPRUnspent Utility Appropriations also revert back to GPR
Change Appropriations so that $ saved through Energy Efficiency projects can be used by the University
”The university enriches the quality of life for students and the community by embracing the educational value of diversity, promoting environmental sustainability, encouraging engaged citizenship, and serving as an intellectual, cultural and economic resource.”
Acknowledgements
Dennis Bailey- UWGBDan Busch - Green Bay Metropolitan Sewage DistrictJohn Campbell - Stanford UniversitySuAnn Detampel - UWGBDiane Eastman - UWGBVern Everson - WI DNRDebbie Furlong - UWGBSteve Gering - Residence LifeThompson Gower - UW-MadisonRuss Hardwick - Green Bay Water Utility
Chris Hatfield - UWGBIngrid Kelley - WI Focus on EnergyEric Kruger - UW-MadisonPaul Pinkston - UWGBDean Rodeheaver - UWGBNate Rusch - Shorewood Golf CourseBruce Shepard - UWGBPatricia Theyerl - UWGBSheryl Van Gruensven -UWGBRick Warpinski - UWGB
Questions???
UW-Green Bay Environmental Science and Policy Capstone Seminar Participants 2007
Graduate Students/Project Authors:Adam Baldwin Chris CaldwellJanet DeVitoPatrick A. KossDevany Martin Wade OehmichenBill OldenburgCharles PietteBethany ReinholtzTracy ValentaJay Watson
Faculty:Michael Kraft, Professor, Public and Environmental AffairsKevin Fermanich, Associate Professor, Natural and Applied Sciences