1 An Introduction to Sustainability Design By Professor Moustafa M. Elsayed Consultant, EGEC 1 Outline • Sustainability • Sustainable Sites • Efficient use of Water • Energy and Atmosphere • Efficient use of Energy • Materials and Resources • Indoor Environmental Quality • Sustainability Design Authorities • Assessing Sustainability • Rating Systems • LEED (USA) • QSAS (Qatar) 2
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1
An Introduction to
Sustainability Design
By
Professor Moustafa M. Elsayed
Consultant, EGEC
1
Outline
• Sustainability
• Sustainable Sites
• Efficient use of Water
• Energy and Atmosphere
• Efficient use of Energy
• Materials and Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Sustainability Design Authorities
• Assessing Sustainability
• Rating Systems
• LEED (USA)
• QSAS (Qatar)
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2
Sustainability
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Sustainability
Defining Sustainability
• Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs”
• The idea of sustainability, is to ensure that our actions and
decisions today do not inhibit the opportunities of future
generations.
• The concept of maximizing the effectiveness of resources use
while minimizing the impact of that use on the environment
Economy Ecology
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3
Sustainability
Impacts Resulting from Built
Environment
Air Pollution
Land Use & Contamination
Fossil Fuels
Depletion
Water Depletion
Water Pollution
Materials Depletion
Human Health
ClimateChange
Impacts of Construction Industry
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Providing building services engineers with guidance on how to
respond to the sustainability design.
It describes:
• the actions that building services engineers should take to
enable their work to deliver sustainable outcomes
• how they can influence the work done and decisions made by
clients and other professionals.
To create a sustainable built environment that minimizes
ecological impact through the development of a sustainability
rating system supported by a set of performance based
standards that addresses the specific regional needs and
environment of Qatar.
Sustainability
Objective
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4
Outline
• Sustainability
• Sustainable Sites
• Efficient use of Water
• Energy and Atmosphere
• Efficient use of Energy
• Materials and Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Sustainability Design Authorities
• Assessing Sustainability
• Rating Systems
• LEED (USA)
• QSAS (Qatar)
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Sustainable Sites
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5
Sustainable Sites
• Protect natural and agricultural areas
• Protect environment
• Reduce air pollution
• Reduce fuel fossil consumption
• Reduce material depletion
• Reduce land contamination
• Reduced site disturbance
• Reduce water depletion & pollution
• Reduce light pollution
• Reduce noise
• Protect human health
• Manage stormwater
Objectives
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Sustainable Sites
Transportation
• Use of Bicycles
• Public transportation
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Sustainable Sites
Heat Island Effect -1
• The term "heat island" describes built up areas that are hotter
than nearby rural areas.
• The annual mean air temperature of a city with 1 million people
or more can be 1–3°C warmer than its surroundings.
• In the evening, the difference can be as high as 12°C.
• Heat islands can affect communities by increasing summertime
peak energy demand, air conditioning costs, air pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions, heat-related illness and mortality
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Sustainable Sites
Heat Island Effect -2
• When examining cities in arid
and semi-arid regions – such
as North Africa and the
American Southwest --
scientists found that they are
only slightly warmer than
surrounding areas in summer
and sometimes cooler than
surrounding areas in winter.
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Sustainable Sites
Heat Island Effect - 3
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Sustainable Sites
What Can Be Done for Heat Island Problems?
(Rural, Arid, or Semi-Arid Surroundings)
• Increasing tree and
vegetative cover
• Creating green roofs (also
called "rooftop gardens" or
"eco-roofs")
• Installing cool—mainly
reflective—roofs
• Using cool pavements (high
reflective pavement
products)
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8
Sustainable Sites
High Reflectivity Roofs & Pavements
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Outline
• Sustainability
• Sustainable Sites
• Efficient use of Water
• Energy and Atmosphere
• Efficient use of Energy
• Materials and Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Sustainability Design Authorities
• Assessing Sustainability
• Rating Systems
• LEED (USA)
• QSAS (Qatar)
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9
Efficient Use of Water
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• Building Water demand: Identifying how
and where reductions in the use of
potable water may be made.
• Using alternative water sources, efficient
distribution and fixtures
• Credit Requirements of Water Saving
1. Minimum Interior Water Use
2. Water Monitoring
3. Improved Interior Water Use
4. Exterior Water Use Reduction:
Landscaping & Water Features
Efficient Use of Water
Overview
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10
Efficient Use of Water
Water Efficiency
• Reduce quantity of water needed for the building
• Reduce municipal water supply and treatment burden
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Efficient Use of Water
• Potable water: only for drinking, cooking, bathing, wadoaa, and/or people personal usage
• Using water-efficient fixtures and appliances
• Faucet bubblers, low flow showerheads, and flow restrictors to further reduce water consumption
• Recycled gray water: flushing tanks, and/orsimilar activities such as fire fighting watermake up.
• Storm water and water treated by on-site STPor conveyed by the public agency: non-potableuses
• Reducing irrigation water demand: modernirrigation technologies as driblet system.
Design Aspects
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11
• Minimize peak stormwater discharge
• Protect the stormwater drainage system and receiving
water bodies from pollutant loading during and after
storm events.
• Credit Requirements
1. Demonstrate that the post-development peak
runoff rate and quantity does not exceed the pre-
development peak runoff rate
2. Evidence that the building was constructed with the
post-development peak runoff rate and quantity
does not exceed the pre-development peak runoff
rate
Efficient Use of Water
Stormwater Management
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Efficient Use of Water
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Outline
• Sustainability
• Sustainable Sites
• Efficient use of Water
• Energy and Atmosphere
• Efficient use of Energy
• Materials and Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Sustainability Design Authorities
• Assessing Sustainability
• Rating Systems
• LEED (USA)
• QSAS (Qatar)
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Energy & Atmosphere
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13
Energy & Atmosphere
Global Warming
• Solar Radiation: Short
wave
• Reflection from surface of
earth
• Greenhouse effect
• CO2 and other air
pollutant gases
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Energy & Atmosphere
Burning of Fusel Fuel
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Energy & Atmosphere
Effects of Global Warming
Rising Sea Level Increased Temperature
Habitat Damage and Species Affected Changes in Water Supply
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Energy & Atmosphere
Ozone Depletion
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Energy & Atmosphere
Goals
• Support ozone protection protocols
• Encourage renewable and alternative energy sources
• Establish energy and efficiency performance
• Optimize energy efficiency
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Energy & Atmosphere
Renewable Energy – Wind, Photovoltaic, and W. Heaters
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Energy & Atmosphere
Renewable Energy – Solar Power
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Outline
• Sustainability
• Sustainable Sites
• Efficient use of Water
• Energy and Atmosphere
• Efficient use of Energy
• Materials and Resources
• Indoor Environmental Quality
• Sustainability Design Authorities
• Assessing Sustainability
• Rating Systems
• LEED (USA)
• QSAS (Qatar)
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Efficient Use of Energy
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Global Energy Consumption
Efficient Use of Energy
4.52
2.72.96
0.286
1.21
0.286
0.828
0
1
2
3
4
5
TW
Oil Coal Biomass Nuclear
Total: 12.8 TW TW = TeraWatt (1012 watts) 34
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Energy Consumption
Efficient Use of Energy
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Energy Efficiency
Efficient Use of Energy
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030
36000
Year
En
erg
y (
kB
tu/y
r)
ASHRAE BOD Goal
Standard 90.1Standard 90.1
Standard 189 Standard 189
AEDGAEDG
Energy Reduction Proposal
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Energy Efficiency Terms
Efficient Use of Energy
• Energy Use Intensity (EUI):
BTU/Sq. Ft./Year
• CBECS: Commercial Building
Energy Consumption Survey
• ASHRAE 90.1 is a standard
that provides minimum
requirements for energy
efficient designs for
buildings except for low-rise
buildings.
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Energy Efficiency
Efficient Use of Energy
All are “site” values in BTU / Square Foot / Year
• 91,000: 2003 CBECS data
• 51,000: ASHRAE 90.1-2004
• 47,000: ASHRAE 90.1-2007
• 36,000: Target for 90.1-2010
• 25,000: Energy Efficient Building
• 0: Net Zero Energy Building -Requires renewable energy (PV, Wind)
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20
0
0% 100%
Source Energy Savings (%)
Tota
l Annual C
osts
($/y
ear)
Lease Costs (or Finance Costs)
utility bills
cash flow
1
2
The Path to a Net Zero Building
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• Energy calculation and assessment
process
• Reducing demand for energy: passive
environmental design, appropriate
selection of highly efficient mechanical
and electrical equipment, and the
facilitation of renewable energy
• Credit Requirements of Resourceful
Energy
1. Minimum Energy Performance
2. Energy Monitoring
3. Ozone Impacts of Refrigerants
4. Cool Building Strategies
5. Renewable Energy
Efficient Use of Energy
Overview
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Lighting
Efficient Use of Energy - Lighting
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Lighting
Efficient Use of Energy - Lighting
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Lighting – External Lighting
Efficient Use of Energy - Lighting
Photovoltaic
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Lighting – Fluorescent
Efficient Use of Energy - Lighting
• Models: “T-12”, “T-8”, or “T-5”.
• The names come from the size
of their diameter per eighth
inch. For example, a T-12 lamp
is 12/8 inch in diameter
• T-8 lights are the most cost
effective
• T-5 lamps are the most energy
efficient
• Installation of energy efficient
fluorescent lamps (T-5) in place
of conventional fluorescent
lamps(T-12). 44
23
Lighting -CFL
Efficient Use of Energy - Lighting
• CFL is a Compact Florescent Lamp
that ensures 80% of energy saving
compare to equivalent light
output of conventional
incandescent lamp.
• CFL is a kind of Energy Efficient
Lamp which gives us required
lumen by consuming fewer watts.
• CFLs contain a very small amount
of mercury sealed within the glass
tubing and thus require care in
handling and disposal.
45
Lighting -CFL
Efficient Use of Energy - Lighting
• Low electrical consumption as compared to conventional
lighting products
• About 80% energy saving over incandescent bulbs.
• Long life up to 10,000 hours
• It can operate within 130-280 V range
• Low cost of maintenance
• High luminous efficiency
• Available in different colors to create desired ambience
• Lamps designed for power factor higher than 0.85