“Sustainability Concepts in the Design of High-rise Buildings: the Case of Diagrid Systems” MSc Giulia Milana; PhD, PE Konstantinos Gkoumas; Phd, PE, Professor Franco Bontempi Third International Workshop on Design in Civil and Environmental Engineering (DCEE 3) 22-23 August 2014 COPENHAGEN
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Sustainability Concepts in the Design of High-rise Buildings: the Case of Diagrid Systems
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“Sustainability Conceptsin the Design of High-rise Buildings:
the Case of Diagrid Systems”
MSc Giulia Milana; PhD, PE Konstantinos Gkoumas; Phd, PE, Professor Franco Bontempi
Third International Workshop on Designin Civil and Environmental Engineering
(DCEE 3) 22-23 August 2014 COPENHAGEN
CO
NC
EP
TU
AL M
AP
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 2
IMPROVED MODEL
Weight
&
Periods
U.L.S.
(Pushover)
ANALYSES
S.L.S.
(Disp.)
COMPARISON
60° 75°42°
Outrigger Diagrid
STRUCTURAL MODELING
SUSTAINABILITY
Sustainability in structures
INTRODUCTION
From http://www.fosterandpartners.comFrom http://www.wikipedia.com
SU
STA
INA
BIL
ITY
DEFINITION
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT:
“Development that meets the needs of the present
without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”(Brundtland Commission)
SUSTAINABILITY
SOCIAL
ENVIRONMENTAL
ECONOMIC
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 3
SU
STA
INA
BIL
ITY
STEEL
SUSTAINABILITY
IN
STRUCTURES
Material
Used
Resource
Efficient
Site
Planning
Non
Pollution
Energy
Efficient
Structural
Scheme
Steel Material
• 40% of resources from recycling
• Manufacturing process with controlled environmental impact
• Material durability
• High recycling rate
Constuction Phase
• prefabrication/ offsite manufacture
Design and Service Life
• Weight reduction of structure
• Creation of versatile spaces
• Longevity and robustness of steel components
• Simple incorporation of renewable energy generation systems
End of Life
• Easy dismantling
• Reusability/Reciclability
Adapted from Arcelormittal
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 4
SU
STA
INA
BIL
ITY
EVOLUTION OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS
INTERIOR STRUCTURE EXTERIOR STRUCTURE
Outrigger Structure Diagrid Structure
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 5
ST
RU
CT
UR
AL M
OD
ELIN
GSTRUCTURES STUDIED
Outrigger Structure Diagrid Structures42° 60° 75°
16
0 m
36 m
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 6
ST
RU
CT
UR
AL M
OD
ELIN
GSTRUCTURES
Original Stucture:
Outrigger
Improved Stucture:
Diagrid
Perimetral
Structure
Internal
Structure
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 7
WE
IGH
T A
ND
PE
RIO
DCOMPARISON WEIGHT
SLS Dead Gk Tamp Qk Qn W+X W-X W+Y W-Y
COMB5 1 1 1 0,7 0,5 1 - - -
COMB6 1 1 1 0,7 0,5 - 1 - -
COMB7 1 1 1 0,7 0,5 - - 1 -
COMB8 1 1 1 0,7 0,5 - - - 1
ULS Dead Gk Tamp Qk Qn W+X W-X W+Y W-Y
COMB5 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,05 0,75 1,5 - - -
COMB6 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,05 0,75 - 1,5 - -
COMB7 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,05 0,75 - - 1,5 -
COMB8 1,3 1,3 1,3 1,05 0,75 - - - 1,5
Acronym Description Colour
Outrigger Outrigger Structure
Diagrid
42°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 42°
Diagrid
60°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 60°
Diagrid
75°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 75°
OutriggerDiagrid
42°
Diagrid
60°
Diagrid
75°
P
(ton)8052 6523 5931 5389
Saving
(%)- 19 26 33
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
P (
ton
)
Weight
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 8
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NS
STRUCTURES AND COMBINATIONS
SLS Dead Gk Tamp Qk Qn W+X W-X W+Y W-Y
COMB5 1 1 1 0,7 0,5 1 - - -
COMB6 1 1 1 0,7 0,5 - 1 - -
COMB7 1 1 1 0,7 0,5 - - 1 -
COMB8 1 1 1 0,7 0,5 - - - 1
HORIZONTAL
DISPLACEMENT
COMB
Outrigger Diagrid 42° Diagrid 60° Diagrid 75°
Acronym Description Colour
Outrigger Outrigger Structure
Diagrid
42°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 42°
Diagrid
60°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 60°
Diagrid
75°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 75°
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 9
SLS
: H
OR
IZO
NTA
L D
ISP
LA
CE
ME
NT
S S.L.S.: COMPARISON DISPLACEMENTS
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
0
16
32
48
64
80
96
112
128
144
160
U1 (m)
Z (
m)
Horizontal Displacements Outrigger
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
0
16
32
48
64
80
96
112
128
144
160
U1 (m)
Z (
m)
Horizontal Displacements Diagrid 42°
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
0
16
32
48
64
80
96
112
128
144
160
U1 (m)
Z (
m)
Horizontal Displacements Diagrid 60°
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
0
16
32
48
64
80
96
112
128
144
160
U1 (m)
Z (
m)
Horizontal Displacements Diagrid 75°
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 10
VE
RIF
ICA
TIO
NS
STRUCTURES AND COMBINATIONS
ULS Dead Gk Tamp Qk Qn W+X W-X W+Y W-Y
DEAD 1 - - - - - - - -
VERT 1 1 1 - - - - - -
+STATIC PUSHOVER FORCES
PUSHOVER
DEAD VERT
Outrigger Diagrid 42° Diagrid 60° Diagrid 75°
Acronym Description Colour
Outrigger Outrigger Structure
Diagrid
42°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 42°
Diagrid
60°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 60°
Diagrid
75°
Diagrid Structure
with inclination of diagonal members of 75°
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 11
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
F (
kN
)
U1 (m)
Pushover
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
U1 (m)
Pushover+Vert
Outrigger
Diagrid 42°
Diagrid 60°
Diagrid 75°
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
U1 (m)
Pushover+Dead
ULS
: P
US
HO
VE
RU.L.S.: COMPARISON CAPACITY CURVES
DEAD VERT
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 12
CH
OIC
E O
F I
MP
RO
VE
D M
OD
EL
DEFINITION OF SIGNIFICANT FEATURES
R=Fmax : Strength
K=Fy/Dy : Stiffness
m=Dmax/Dy : Ductility
“Sustainability concepts in the design of high-rise buildings” DCEE 3 Giulia Milana, Konstantinos Gkoumas, Franco Bontempi 13