Sustainability at Western Harbor Sustainability at Western Harbor Malmö, Sweden Malmö, Sweden October 11, 2006 October 11, 2006
Jan 06, 2016
Sustainability at Western Sustainability at Western HarborHarbor
Malmö, SwedenMalmö, Sweden
October 11, 2006October 11, 2006
The NeighborhoodThe Neighborhood
• Total area of 85,000 m2, or about 21 acres.
• Mixed use development - will provide facilities for 30,000 people working, living and studying in a mixed use area with housing, retail, offices and education.
SustainabilitySustainability
• Social• Economic• Environmental
Social SustainabilitySocial Sustainability
• Accessibility• Safety• Meeting Places
Economic SustainabilityEconomic Sustainability
• Long lifetime for buildings and infrastructure
• Influential citizens
• Attractive
Ecological SustainabilityEcological Sustainability
• Waste systems• The “green”
parts• Mobility
management• Energy systems• Environmentall
y adapted building and approval process
The Eco-Cycle CityThe Eco-Cycle City
• Separation of biological wastes
• Biogas digester• Convenient collection
system
Green Space FactorGreen Space Factor
•Green space requirement = 0.5
•An amount of greening equivalent to half the site area must be provided by summing up factors for green roofs, open space, open water, green trellises.
•Types of enhancements in system include green factors for animals, plants and stormwater.
Calculating the Green Space FactorCalculating the Green Space Factor
Example Green Factor calculation for the Green Factor for residential courtyard
m2 Factor Score for a site
a garden plot 951 0.5 476
green on the ground 129 1.0 129
green on the wall 112 0.7 78
green roof 330 0.8 264
open water 23 1.0 23
climbing plants 72 0.2 14
This example shows only an extract from the full scoring system - there are many more items.
Stormwater ManagementStormwater Management
• Integrated into Green factor goals• Stormwater managed through a
series of open fresh and saltwater channels, open gutters, fountains and natural vegetation.
• “Biotopes” -- mini ecosystems design to provide habitat and teach people about them -- are scattered throughout the complex.
• Stormwater is recirculated in channels and playgrounds in the summer, for aesthetic reasons.
• Use of art throughout (“bug” platforms, carved stone weirs).
• Area ecologist employed to evaluate the system and educate.
Mobility ManagementMobility Management
• Minimizing dependence on cars is a huge challenge
• Emphasize bicycling and public transportation
• Car traffic and parking is restricted
• Car sharing system (ala FlexCar)
Energy SystemsEnergy Systems
• Efficiency – goal of 105 kwh/m2
• Power production– Electricity from wind power and
photovoltaics– Heat from solar collectors and
ground source heat pump system– Cooling from heat pump and
aquifer– Biogas
• Annual requirements met 100% by on-site renewable energy
Annual Energy Intensity
05
101520253035404550
Ret
ail
Offi
ce
War
ehou
se
Res
iden
tial/H
otel
Oth
er/U
nkno
wn
Sea
ttle
Just
ice
Cen
ter (
Sea
ttle,
WA
)
Bre
wer
y B
lock
s (P
ortla
nd, O
R)
City
Ope
ratio
ns C
ente
r (W
hite
Roc
k, B
C)
US
Offi
ce A
vg fo
r 199
0 to
199
9 B
ldgs
(EIA
)
Wes
tern
Har
bor (
Sw
eden
)
Vill
a 20
00 (F
inla
nd)
Vau
ban
Hou
sing
Sta
ndar
d (G
erm
any)
Aut
omot
ive
Cen
ter o
f Exc
elle
nce
(Aus
tralia
)
kWh
/ft2 p
er y
ear
Steam Consumption
Gas Consumption
Elect Consumption
Energy Targets
International EnergyTargets
LEED Projects
Existing SODOBuildings
Wind PowerWind Power
• 2.0 MW Vestas turbine• Located 3 km away – far
enough to avoid disturbances, but close enough to “belong” to the area
• Connected to Malmö’s electrical grid
• Provides all of the area’s electrical needs
Thermal Solar CollectorsThermal Solar Collectors
• 1,400 m2 on 10 buildings
• Vacuum and regular• Connected to district
heating network• Integrated into
building design• Owned and operated
by local utility• Fulfills 12% of annual
heating load
Photovoltaic Solar CollectorsPhotovoltaic Solar Collectors
• 120 m2 on one building
• Integrated into the building as movable sun shading
• Designed to be demonstration project – gives the builder, architect and utility operational experience
Ground Source Heating and Ground Source Heating and CoolingCooling
• Extracts heat from aquifer and sea water
• Seasonal storage for heating and cooling
• 10 wells, 90m deep• Linked to district
heating and cooling system
Tätt skikt
20 m
90 m
Cold well Warm well
Sealing layer
Heat pump
Aquifer
200 mLimestone
Warm wells
Cold wells
Local heating plant
Biogas ProductionBiogas Production
• Digestion of waste and sewage water
• Filtration and cleaning• Natural gas network• Supplies 22 detached
houses (European village)
Energy Generation
Energy Loads
HeatHeat pump - 85% 3/4 aquifer 1/4 sea waterSolar collectors - 12% Organic residues - 3%
Electricity Wind - 99.8%Photovoltaics - 0.2%
Bo01
Heat
Aquifer
Electricity
Heat
Cooling
6300MWh
4600MWh
Electricity
Energy BalanceEnergy Balance
35 kWh elect / m2 per year
70 kWh heat / m2 per year
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Bo01 Sweden Europe
Rel
ativ
e en
viro
nm
enta
l eff
ect (
times
)Greenhouse effect
Acidification
Eutrophication
Anticipated ResultsAnticipated Results
Quality ProgramQuality Program
• Developed to insure environmental performance – created by the City of Malmö in concert with developers
• Program was established and guidelines defined before any plots were sold
• Included green area factor, energy performance standards, requirement for residential courtyards to be planted with big trees etc
• Landscape architects had to be employed early in the process and a mechanism for the long-term management and maintenance of the outdoor spaces had to be developed
• Developers were held responsible for fulfilling requirements; however, no penalties assessed for failure to comply
An EnergyPlus An EnergyPlus NeighborhoodNeighborhood
• Would provide…– Resiliency
through diversity– Price stability– Insulation from
wet/dry hydro cycles
– Environmental and GHG benefits
– Protection from terrorism and natural disasters