Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 1 SURVEYING QUESTIONS INTRODUCTION 1. Define the terms (i) Representative fraction 2. How will you distinguish between plain scale and diagonal scale? 3. Explain the terms: (i) Graphical scale (ii) Precision and (iii) True Error. 4. Define surveying. Why graphical scales are always on all survey maps? 5. Discuss in brief the principles of surveying. 6. What are different sources of errors in chain surveying? 7. Write short notes on: Compensating error LINEAR MEASUREMENT 1. Write short note on: Hypotenusal allowance 2. Two adjusted sides and their included angle (α<90 0 ) of a triangle are known. Calculate the length of side opposite to angle α. 3. Differentiate between ranging and chaining. Describe how you would range a chain line between two points which are not intervisible. 4. Explain the different methods of chaining on a sloping ground. CHAIN SURVEYING 1. Write short note on: Tie lines 2. Describe with sketches how an obstacle can be crossed over in chain survey when (i) it interrupts chaining but not ranging (ii) it interrupts ranging but not chaining . 3. What are the points to be kept in mind while selecting survey stations of a chain survey? 4. Define the terms (i) Offset (ii) Field book 5. What is a well-conditioned triangle? Why is it necessary to use well-conditioned triangles? 6. Describe the different types chains used in survey indicating the relative advantages of each. 7. Explain the following terms: (i) Well-conditioned triangle (ii) check line (iii) Offset and (iv) Optical square. 8. How may a chain be standardized? How may adjustments be made to the chain if it is found to be long?
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Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 1
SURVEYING QUESTIONS
INTRODUCTION
1. Define the terms (i) Representative fraction
2. How will you distinguish between plain scale and diagonal scale?
3. Explain the terms: (i) Graphical scale (ii) Precision and (iii) True Error.
4. Define surveying. Why graphical scales are always on all survey maps?
5. Discuss in brief the principles of surveying.
6. What are different sources of errors in chain surveying?
7. Write short notes on: Compensating error
LINEAR MEASUREMENT
1. Write short note on: Hypotenusal allowance
2. Two adjusted sides and their included angle (α<900) of a triangle are known. Calculate the
length of side opposite to angle α.
3. Differentiate between ranging and chaining. Describe how you would range a chain line
between two points which are not intervisible.
4. Explain the different methods of chaining on a sloping ground.
CHAIN SURVEYING
1. Write short note on: Tie lines
2. Describe with sketches how an obstacle can be crossed over in chain survey when (i) it
interrupts chaining but not ranging (ii) it interrupts ranging but not chaining .
3. What are the points to be kept in mind while selecting survey stations of a chain survey?
4. Define the terms (i) Offset (ii) Field book
5. What is a well-conditioned triangle? Why is it necessary to use well-conditioned triangles?
6. Describe the different types chains used in survey indicating the relative advantages of each.
7. Explain the following terms: (i) Well-conditioned triangle (ii) check line (iii) Offset and (iv)
Optical square.
8. How may a chain be standardized? How may adjustments be made to the chain if it is found to
be long?
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 2
TRAVERSE SURVEYING
1. Distinguish between (i) WCB and RB (ii) True meridian and magnetic meridian (iii) Closing
error and local attraction.
2. Write the characteristics of closed traverse.
3. Explain the following terms: (i) Whole circle bearing system (ii) Fore and Back Bearing
4. What is closing error ? How it can be balanced graphically?
5. What are the different types of correction for balancing a traverse? Explain.
6. What does traverse mean? What is the difference between triangulation and traversing?
7. Define the terms (i) Local Attraction and (ii) True Bearing. (iii) Magnetic declination
8. What is local attraction? How it is detected and adjusted?
PLANE TABLE SURVEYING
1. What do you mean by orientation in plane table surveying?
2. Define ‘Orientation’. Explain the merits and demerits of plane tabling over theodolite
surveying.
3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of plane tabling?
4. Describe the method of orientation by back sighting.
5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of plane table surveying over other methods.
6. What are the different sources of errors in plane table surveying? How are they eliminated?
7. Write the name of various method of plane tabling.
TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING
1. Explain the fundamental principle of stadia surveying with its merits and demerits.
2. What are the tacheometer constants? How are they determined?
3. What is tacheometry?
4. State the principle of tacheometry.
5. Deduce an expression of horizontal distance and elevation for inclined sight of depression
when the staff is held perpendicular to the line of sight.
6. Explain the theory of stadia tacheometry.
7. Describe how to determine the tacheometric constant by field measurements method.
8. What is the difference between a theodolite and a tacheometer?
9. Write down the principle of stadia method.
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 3
10. What are the multiplying constant and additive constant of a tacheometer? How would you
obtain these constant in the field?
11. Deduce an expression of horizontal distance and elevation for inclined sight of elevation when
the staff is kept vertical on the ground.
12. What is analletic lens? Write down its advantages and disadvantages.
LEVELLING AND CONTOURING
1. Define contour interval. What are the uses of contouring?
2. Define the following: (i) Parallax (i) Reduced level (ii) Fly levelling (iii) Bench mark (i)
Line of collimation (ii) Datum (iv) Contour Line (i) Dip
3. Name the characteristics of contours.
4. What factors should be considered to select a proper contour interval?
5. Write short notes on: (i)Level line (ii)Contours (iii) Bench mark and (iv) Height of instrument
6. Discuss the effect of curvature and refraction in leveling. Find the correction due to each and
the combined correction.
7. What are the methods of calculation of RL? Distinguish between them.
CALCULATION OF AREAS AND VOLUMES
1. What is prismoid? Derive the prismoidal formula for calculation of volumes.
2. State Simpson’s rule. Derive an expression for it.
CURVES
1. What is shift of a curve? “Transition curve bisects the shift”- Explain.
2. Discuss the different types of problem that are faced on curve setting.
3. Write short notes on (i) Super elevation (ii) Degree of curvature
4. Explain the following terms: (ii) Shift of a curve (iii) Transition curve
5. Derive a relationship between the radius and the degree of a circular curve. What are the
different methods of curve setting?
6. What is shift? Draw a neat sketch of a transition curve and show necessary notations on it.
7. What is initial and final sub-chords?
8. Explain the field procedure of setting out a curve by one-theodolite method.
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 4
9. Write down the objectives of providing transition curve.
10. Write down the requirements of transition curve.
11. What is superelevation? Why it is provided?
12. What do you mean by transition curve? Why and where it is provided?
ASTRONOMICAL SURVEYING
1. What are the Napier’s rules for the solution of right angle spherical triangle?
2. Define the following terms; (i) Observer’s meridian (ii) Azimuth (iii) Obliquity of ecliptic.
3. Prove that the altitude of the pole is equal to the latitude of the observer.
4. What is spherical triangle?
5. Write down the properties of a spherical triangle.
6. Explain the following terms: (i) Observer meridian (ii)Spherical excess
7. Define (i) Zenith and Nadir (ii) Sensible Horizon
8. Define the terms: (i) Observer meridian (ii) Altitude (iii) Nautical mile and (iv) Obliquity of
ecliptic (iii) latitude
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEYING
1. Derive an expression for the length of line between points of different elevations from
measurement on a vertical photograph.
2. Explain the scale of a vertical photograph.
3. What is side lap and over lap? Explain the reasons of over lap.
4. Write short notes on (i) Crab (ii) Drift (i) Overlap
5. Write down the reasons for overlap in aerial photography.
6. How do you determine the number of photograph necessary to cover a given area in an aerial
survey?
7. Differentiate between crab and drift of photographs.
8. Define the following terms: (i) Exposure station
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 5
PROJECT SURVEYING
1. Describe different phases of implementing a highway project.
2. What are the essential phases of conducting a city surveying?
3. What map is required to conduct a city surveying? What instruments are essential to operate
city surveying?
4. What are the different stages of conducting a railway project survey? Write the steps to operate
a detailed preliminary survey.
REMOTE SENSING AND GPS
1. What is GPS? Write down the sources of errors in GPS?
Compiled By
Md Nuruzzaman
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering
Rangpur Engineering College
+8801719456829
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 1
SURVEYING PROBLEMS
INTRODUCTION
1. The area of the plan of an old survey plotted to a scale 10 meters to 1cm measures now as
100.2 sq.cm as found by planimeter. The plan is found to have shrunk so that a line originally
10 cm long now measures 9.7cm only. There was a note on the plan that the 20m chain used
was 8cm too short. Find the true area of the survey.
LINEAR MEASUREMENT
2. A base line was measured to be 150m long with a tape at a field temperature of 270C, the
applied pull being 14 kg. The tape was standardized at a temperature of 150C with a pull of
8kg. If the designated length of the tape is 20m, weight of 1 cm3 of tape =7.86 gm, total weight
of tape= 0.8 kg, E=2.109 x 106 kg/cm2 and co-efficient of expansion of tape per degree Celsius
= 11.2 x 10-6. Find the true length of the line.
3. A steel tape supported on the ground is 33m long at a temperature of 320C and with a pull of
25kg. What horizontal distance will it subtend if it is hung over two poles at the same level
with a pull of 30kg and its temperature is 400C. The weight of the tape is 1.55kg and co-
efficient of linear expansion is 11.5 x 10-6 per 10C and its E= 2.1 x 106, wt. of 1 cu.cm of steel
=7.75gms.
4. A 20m chain was found to be 10cm too long after chaining a distance of 1500m. It was found
to be 18cm too long at the end of day’s work after chaining a total distance of 2900m. Find the
true distance if the chain was correct before the commencement of the work.
5. In passing an obstacle in the form of a pond, station A and D, on the main line, were taken on
the opposite sides of the pond. On the left of AD, a line AB, 200m long was laid down and a
second line AC, 250m long, was ranged on the right of AD, the points B,D and C being in the
same straight line, BD and DC were then chained and found to be 125m and 150m respectively.
Find the length of AD.
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 2
TRAVERSE SURVEYING
1. The table below gives the lengths and bearings of the lines of a traverse AB’CDE. Calculate the
length and bearing of the line AB.
Line Length (m) Bearing
AB ---- ----
BC 226.0 20020’
CD 187.0 28000’
DE 192.0 210030’
EA 87.85 180028’
2. A closed traverse was conducted around an obstacle and the following observations were made.
Work out the missing quantities:
Side AB BC CD DE EA
Length 500 620 468 ? ?
Azimuth 98030’ 30020’ 298030’ 23000’ 150010’
3. A traverse ABCDA is made in the form of a square taking in clockwise order. If the bearing of
AB is 120030’, find the bearing of the other sides.
4. The F.B of a line is 96030’ and B.B. 27600’. How will you adjust the bearing?
5. The following fore and back bearings were observed during traversing and area with a
compass:
Line FB BB
PQ S37030’E N37030’W
QR S43015’E N44015’E
RS N73000’W S72015’E
ST N12045’ S13015’W
TP N60000E S59015’W
Find the corrected bearing of the line.
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 3
6. The following are the observed bearings of the lines of a traverse ABCDEA with a compass in
a place where local attraction was suspected.
Line AB BC CD DE EA
FB 191045' 39030' 22015' 242045' 330015'
BB 13000' 222030' 200030' 62045' 147045'
Find the correct bearings of the lines.
7. The following are the bearings observed in traversing, with a compass, an area where
local attraction was suspected. Calculate the interior angles of the traverse and correct
them if necessary.
Line FB BB
AB 150 00’ 3300 0’
BC 2300 30’ 480 0’
CD 306015’ 127045’
DE 2980 0’ 12000’
EA 490 30’ 229030’
TACHEOMETRIC SURVEYING
1. A tacheometer was placed with its axis horizontal 1.56m above a station P whose RL is
97.45m. A staff was held at Q vertically and the stadia readings are 1.35, 1.96 and 2.58.
Calculate the distance between P and Q and the RL of Q.
2. A tacheometer was set up at a station C and the following readings were obtained on a staff
vertically held.
Inst.
Station Staff Station Vertical Angle Hair reading Remarks
C BM -5020’ 1.500, 1.800, 2.450 RL of MB = 750.50
C D +8012’ 0.750, 1.500, 2.250
Calculate the horizontal distance CD and RL of D, when constants of instrument are 100 and
0.15.
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 4
3. Two points A and B are an opposite sides of a summit. The tacheometer was set up at P on the
top of the summit and the following readings were taken.
Inst.
Station
Height of
Inst.
Staff
Station
Vertical
Angle Hair readings Remark
P 1.000 A -1000’ 1.150, 2.050, 2.950 RL of P =
450.50 B -1200’ 0.855, 1.605, 2.355
The tacheometer is fitted with an analletic lens, the multiplying constant being 100. The staff is
held normal to the line of sight. Find the distance AB and the gradient of line PB.
4. A tacheometer is set up at an intermediate point on a traverse course A, B and the following
observations were made on a vertically held staff.
Staff Station Intercept Axial Hair Reading Bearing Vertical Angle
A 2.47 3.34 218037’ -50030’
B 2.27 3.13 38037’ -60020’
The instrument is fitted with an unallatic lens, and the constant is 100. Compute the length of
AB and RL of B, if the RL of A is 223.8m.
5. From the following data compute the elevation of point P. Also, calculate the distance of A and
B from P. The staff was held vertically and the constant of the instrument being 100 and 0.25.
Instrument
Station
Height of
axis Staff point Vertical Staff readings
Elevation of
station
A 1.42 P +2024’ 1.23, 2.055, 2.88 77.75m
B 1.40 P -3036’ 0.785, 1.80, 2.815 97.135m
Md Nuruzzaman, Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Rangpur Engineering College Page | 5
LEVELLING AND CONTOURING
1. In a leveling operation, the B.M. (RL 50.525m) is 1.235m below the line of collimation in a
setting of the level. From this set-up the stat reading 1.285, 3.2, 3, 2.875 and 3.105 were taken
on points A,B,C and D respectively. Calculate the RL of A, B, C and D which are 15m apart
from one another, after entering them in a level book form. Apply necessary arithmetic checks.
2. In a leveling operation the B.M. (RL=150.5ft) is 3.2ft below the height of the instrument in a
setting of the instrument. From this set up of the instrument the staff reading 4.72, 9.60, 7.82
and 8.78 were taken on points A,B,C and D respectively. Calculate the R.L. of A,B,C and D
which are 50ft apart from one another, after entering them in a level book form. Apply
necessary arithmetic checks.
3. The following consecutive readings were taken with a level and a 4 meter leveling staff
on a continuously sloping ground at common intervals of 30m: 0.855(on A),1.545, 2.335,