Survey on Mobile Processors

• 1. Topic : Survey on Mobile Processors and their ArchitecturesGroup Members :Ashutosh Singh Chirag Kothari Ashish BansalJaspreet Singh Pawan KumarB.Tech CSEIIT Roorkee

2. First 2G-digital hand-size mobiletelephone1992 :-MotorolaInternational 3200 3. Further Advancements1992-94 1993 1996 Nokia 1011 BellSouth/IBM SimonMotorola StarTAC First Ever Mass- Personal CommunicatorFirst clamshell cellular phone Produced GSM The IBM Simon was the Phonefirst PDA/Phone combo. 4. First Smartphone SeriesNokia 9000 Communicator 5. What is a Cell Phone ? 6. ARM What is it? ARM stands for Advanced RISC Machines An ARM processor is basically any 16/32bitmicroprocessor designed and licensed by ARM Ltd,a microprocessor design company headquarteredin England, founded in 1990 by Herman Hauser A characteristic feature of ARM processors is theirlow electric power consumption, which makesthem particularly suitable for use in portabledevices. It is one of the most used processors currently onthe market 7. Arm Architectures :Early Architectures :V1 Developed at Acorn, Cambridge, UK. Between October 1983 and April 1985. Fewer than 25,000 transistors. No multiply or coprocessor instructions. 26-bit addressing.V2 30,000 transistors. 32-bit multiplier instructions (MUL & MLA). 8. Continued v2a First ARM with an on-chip cache (ARM3).V3 32-bit addressing. Undefined Instruction and Abort modes (allows virtual memory).v3M Signed and unsigned long multiply and multiply-accumulate instructions: SMULL, SMLAL,UMULL, UMLAL. 9. Architecture 4 v4 It is the first architecture to have a full formal definition. the oldest supported architecture today. It added: Load/store instructions for signed and unsigned halfwords and bytes. LDRH, LDRSH, LDRSB. System mode privileged mode using user registers. 26-bit addressing no longer supported. v4T added: Thumb mode. 10. Architecture 5 v5T Superset of ARMv4T. New instructions: BLX, CLZ and BKPT. v5TE New signal processing instructions. New multiply Instructions for DSP (Digital Signal Processing ) : SMULxy , SMLAxy , SMULWy , SMLAWy , SMLALxy. Saturated math support: Q flag --QADD, QSUB, QDADD, QDSUB . New PLD memory pre-load hint instruction. v5TE Java acceleration. 11. Architecture 6 V6 : Mixed endian data handling: SETEND, REV, REV16, REVSH. 60+ new SIMDinstructions: SMUSD, SMUADX, USAD8, USADA8 . Unaligned data handling. New multiprocessing instructions: LDREX, STREX. v6T2 : Thumb-2 instruction set. 12. Architecture 7 v7A , v7R : Dynamic Compiler Support. Execution Environment (Thumb-2EE). VFP v3 (Vector Floating Point). NEON advanced SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data). Thumb-2 mandated. v7M : Minimalist variant for embedded uses. Thumb-2 only. Neon Technology is a 64/128 bit hybrid SIMD architecture developed by ARM to accelerate the performance of multimedia and signal processing applications. The NEON architecture provides at least 3x the performance of ARMv5 and 2x the performance of ARMv6 SIMD on a range of media and DSP applications. 13. Performance v/s Capability : 14. Features of ARM Family 15. ARM Family ARM Architecture ARM Core Cache(I/D),MIPS @ MHz MMUARM1ARMv1ARM1 None -ARMv2ARM2 None4 MIPS @ARM28 MHz ARMV2a ARM250 MEMC1a 7 MIPS @ 12 MHzARM3 ARMv2aARM34 KB unified12 MIPS @25 MHzARM6ARMv3 ARM60 None 10 MIPS @12 MHzARM600 4 KB unified28 MIPS @33 MHzARM610 4 KB unified17 MIPS @20 MHzARM7ARMv3ARM7008 KB unified40 MHz ARM7108 KB unified40 MHz ARM710a 8 KB unified40 MHz 16. ARM Family ARMARM CoreCache(I/D), MMU MIPS @ MHz ArchitectureARM7TDMIARMv4T ARM7TDMI(-S) -15 MIPS @16.8 MHz ARM710T8 KB unified 36 MIPS @ 40 MHz ARM720T8 KB unified 60 MIPS @59.8 MHz ARM720TMPU -ARM7EJ ARMv5TEJARM7EJ-S --ARM8ARMv4ARM810 8 KB unified , 84 MIPS @ MMU72 MHzARM9TDMIARMv4TARM9TDMI- ARM920T16 KB/16 KB, 200 MIPS @ MMU180 MHz ARM922T8 KB/8 KB, MMU ARM940T4 KB/4 KB, MPU 17. ARM Family ARMARM Core Cache(I/D), MMU MIPS @ MHz ArchitectureARM9EARMv5TEARM946E-Scoupled - memories, MPUARM966E-Sno cache, TCMs-ARM968E-S no cache, TCMs - ARMv5TEJ ARM926EJ-Svariable, TCMs, 220 MIPS @ MMU 200 MHz ARMv5TEARM996HS no caches, TCMs, MPU - ARM10EARMv5TEARM1020E 32 KB/32 KB,- MMUARM1022E 16 KB/16 KB,- MMU ARMv5TEJARM1026EJ-S variable, MMU or- MPUARM11 ARMv6ARM1136J(F)-Svariable, MMU - ARMv6T2ARM1156T2(F)-Svariable, MPU - ARMv6Z ARM1176JZ(F)-S variable, MMU +965 DMIPS @TrustZone 772 MHz ARMv6KARM11 MPCore variable, MMU - 18. TIMELINE : Week 1:-Introduction to Early Mobile phones, Introduction to ARM architecture, ARM architecture Features Week 2:-Preference of ARM Processors over other architecture Week 3 :- The Basic ARM Architecture Week 4 :-Working of Classical ARM Processors and architecture (1) Week 5:- Working of Classical ARM Processors and architecture (2) Week 6:-Working of Embedded ARM Processors and architecture (1) Week 7:-Working of Embedded ARM Processors and architecture (2) Week 8-Working of Application ARM Processors and architecture (1) Week 9-Working of Application ARM Processors and architecture (2) Week 10:-Challenges for current Mobile Processors Week 11:-Required features of Microprocessors in accordance with the need of mobile applications. Week 12:-Details of processors other than ARM architecture. Week 13:-Summary of project done. 19. References : http://www.historyofcellphones.net/ http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/05/the-evolution-of-cell-phone-design-between-1983-2009/ http://www.davespace.co.uk/arm/introduction-to-arm/arm-arch7.html http://cellphones.lovetoknow.com/Cellular_Phone_Timeline http://www.arm.com/ http://www.howstuffworks.com/ 20. Thank You 21. Survey On Mobile ProcessorsTodays Topic : Fastest Mobile Processors And FuturePresented by Group-5 22. Fastest Phones: Rank 1 Qualcomm MSM8260 SnapdragonCPU Instruction Set : ARMv7CPU : 1.2-1.5 GHz Dual-coreScorpionHTC Velocity 4G Vodafone GPU : Adreno 220Wireless Radio Technology : Samsung Galaxy S II SkyrocketGSM (GPRS, EDGE)More Devices HavingQualcomm MSM8260Qualcomm MSM8660 SnapdragonSamsung Galaxy S Blaze 4G Snapdragon :Asus Eee Pad Memo,HTC Amaze 4G,HTC Evo 3D (GSM),HTC Sensation,HTC Sensation XE,LG Optimus LTE SU640Sony Xperia Ion, HTC Velocity 4GSony Xperia S,T-Mobile myTouch 4G Slide, HTC Sensation XE (Sensation XE) Samsung Galaxy S II HD LTE 23. Fastest Phones: Rank 1 Qualcomm MSM8260 Snapdragon CPU - Dual-core 1.5 GHz Scorpion GPU - Adreno 220 Samsung Galaxy S II LTE OS - Android OS, v2.3.4 (Gingerbread)HTC Amaze 4GSamsung Galaxy S II T-Mobile (Hercules, SGH-T989) 24. Qualcomm Snapdragon Snapdragon: family of mobile system on chips(SOCs)by Qualcomm. First with 1GHz speed. Adopted by HD2(Windows),Nexus one, evo 4G. Qualcomm designed its own CPU Scorpion similar tothe famous ARM Cortex A8 and uses the ARM v7 ISA. Further One more CPU KRAIT that is even faster hasbeen designed that can reach speeds even greterthan 1.5 GHz. Had an advantage over standard ARM A8 ininstruction per clock cycle. 25. Qualcomm Snapdragon Further Qualcomm divided its products into :S1 S2S3S4(latest) Next generation of snapdragon powers new device such asDesire Z , Thunderbolt , Desire HD using smaller 45nmtechnology. Allowed more transistors & performance enhancing tweaks. 26. Qualcomm Snapdragon On the GPU side of SoC Used AMD-sourced Adreno 200. Outperforms Hummingbird in 3D performance. Advantage- Qualcomm combines GPU & cellular antenna to SoC. Allowing phone design to be more compact and a much simpler choice then using multiple pieces. 27. Fastest Phones : Rank 2Samsung Galaxy NoteLaunched: 2011, SeptemberChipset: ExynosCPU: Dual-core 1.4 GHz ARM Cortex-A9GPU: Mali-400MPMotorola DROID RAZR XT912Released 2011, NovemberSuper capacitive touchscreen,16M colors16 GB storage, 1GB RAMAndroid OS, v2.3.5 (Gingerbread)CPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A9GPU: PowerVR SGX540 28. Fastest Phones : Rank 3Samsung Galaxy Nexus OS: Android OS, v4.0 (Ice CreamSandwich) Launched: 2011, October Chipset: TI OMAP 4460 CPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A9 HTC Vivid Platform:Android Gingerbread 2.3.4 Chipset: Qualcomm APQ8060 Snapdragon CPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Scorpion Internal Memory :1 GB RAM, 16 GB eMMC GPU: Adreno 220 29. Fastest Phones : Rank 3HTC Raider 4G Launched:2011, September OS: Android OS, v2.3.4(Gingerbread), upgradable to v4.x CPU:Dual-core 1.2 GHzLG Optimus Q2 LU6500LG Optimus EX SU880Launched:2011, SeptemberOS: Android OS, v2.3.4 (Gingerbread)Chipset: Nvidia Tegra 2 AP20HCPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A9 30. Fastest Phones : Rank 3Samsung Galaxy S II 4GLaunched: 2011, JulyOS: Android OS, v2.3 (Gingerbread)Chipset: ExynosCPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A9HTC SensationLaunched: 2011, AprilOS: Android OS, v2.3.4 (Gingerbread),upgradable tov4.xChipset: Qualcomm MSM8260SnapdragonCPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz ScorpionGPU: 31. Fastest Phones : Rank 3Samsung I9100 Galaxy S IILaunched: 2011, FebruaryOS: Android OS, v2.3.4(Gingerbread)Chipset: ExynosCPU: Dual-core 1.2 GHz Cortex-A9GPU: Mali-400MP 32. Hummingbird Samsung first introduced their Hummingbird SoCinside their Galaxy S lineup. The Hummingbird uses ARM Cortex-A8 architecture with the ARMv7 instruction set. Samsung used 45 nanometer (nm) manufacturingtech, which describes the amount of transistors theycan fit onto a single chip. 33. Hummingbird While the ARM A8 is the basis of thechip,Samsung made it their own by carryingout a large number of modifications with theirpartners Intrisity. For example: Intrinsity changed the logicdesign of the standard A8 which helped inreducing the number of operations Also, the speed of their design was upto 10%faster than the original ARM technology. 34. Performance The upcoming Infuse will feature a 1.2 GHzHummingbird. Samsung features another advantage: ARMNEON multimedia extension. It had far better hardware video encoding anddecoding, high quality graphics, and bettersound processing. In Samsungs unit the PowerVR SGX540 GPUwas introduced and outclassed its ARM-based competitors. 35. Performance In terms of 3D or anything GPU-intensive, theSnapdragon really could not compete. The Intrinsity-branded Hummingbird was alsowhat powered the Apple iPhone 4. 36. Motorola MOTO MT870LG Optimus 2X SU660Motorola Photon 4G MB855CPU Dual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A9GPU ULP GeForceRank 4Motorola MOTO XT882Motorola ATRIX 4G Motorola ATRIXSamsung I9103 Galaxy RLG Optimus 2X 37. Fastest Phones : Rank 4 Motorola ATRIX 2 CPUDual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A9 GPUPowerVR SGX540 Apple iPhone 4 CPU1 GHz Cortex-A8 GPUPowerVR SGX535 38. Fastest Phones : Rank 4 LG Optimus 3D P920 CPU Dual-core 1 GHz Cortex-A9 GPU PowerVR SGX540 Dell Venue CPU1 GHz Scorpion GPUAdreno 200 39. Cortex A9 The Cortex-A9 processor is a high-performance, low-power, ARM macrocell withan L1 cache subsystem that provides fullvirtual memory capabilities. It implements the ARMv7 architecture andruns 32-bit ARM instructions,16-bit and 32-bitThumb instructions. It also supports 8-bit Java bytecodes in Jazellestate. 40. Key Features Speculative, Superscalar execution pipelinegiving 2.50DMIPS/Mhz/core . Neon SIMD instruction set extensionperforming up to 16 operations perinstruction (optional). High performance VFPv3 floating point unitdoubling the performance of previous ARMFPUs 41. Key Features Thumb-2 instruction set encoding. Trustzone security extensions. Jazelle DBX support for Java execution. Program trace macrocell and coresight designkit for unobtrusive tracing of instructionexecution. L2 cache controller (0-4 MB). 42. Cortex A9 MPCore The ARM Cortex-A9 MPCore is a 32-bitmulticore processor providing up to 4 cachecoherent Cortex-A9 cores, each implementingthe ARM. There are only two recent ARM architecturesthat have multicore support: the ARM11 andthe ARM Cortex A9. The A8 doesnt come in a multicore variant 43. Cortex A9 MPcore 44. Implementations Several SoC devices implement the Cortex-A9core including: Altera SoC FPGA TRIDENT Microsystems Texas Instruments OMAP4 Processors ST-Ericsson Nova A9500 Sony play station Vita Xilinx Extensible Processing platform 45. Fastest Mobile SoC: Nvidia TegraIts SoC used tweaked dualARM Cortex- Tegra-2:-First A9 cores.Tegra-1:- Just dual coreClockshort ofSoC(System Frequency-Disaster on chip) in1 GHz.market.Uses ARMv7instruction set. 46. Performance Comparison 47. PerformanceProcessor Support upto 12MP sensors,auto white Tegra 2 has an ARM7balance, auto focus and processor that is used forgeneral video processing onchip management.either a still picture or a video stream. It handles dataflow, power management and othersimilar tasks. 48. Performance Just Difference is:-GPU in Tegra Improved2 has same efficiency. More Memoryarchitecture Bandwidth.as Tegra 1. Higher clock rate. 49. Comparison!!! 50. What to Expect in 2012 ?The Answer is Quad-Core Phoneso One of the big mobile buzzwords of 2011 wasDual-Core.o Dual-Core processors became the standard forhigh-end smartphones, starting with the LGOptimus 2X .o In 2012, however, it is all about quad-core.o But other than having double the cores of thisyears smart phones, what do quad-cores meanfor the smart phones of 2012? 51. The State of Multicore Processorso Nvidia : Was the first to bring dual-core processing to mobile with the LG Optimus 2X, which debuted at the beginning of 2011 with the Tegra 2 chip. Is blazing the multicore trail again with the release of the Asus Eee Pad Transformer Prime TF201 tablet which is also the first device with 1.3 GHz Tegra 3 quad cores . For now, its the only quad-core device on the market. The Transformer earned high praise for its stunning graphics and zippy performance. Future : It has said that Nvidia is working with a number of device makers on Tegra 3-powered phones, but cant reveal who they are due to nondisclosure agreements. Quad-core phones are on track, however, for 2012. The rumored HTC Edge will supposedly be the worlds first quad-core smartphone, running the Tegra 3 chip. Mobile news site PocketNow was first to claims to have exclusive images as well as a spec sheet. 52. The State of Multicore Processorso Qualcomm : Stated that its quad-core Snapdragon chip, the APQ064, will join itsS4 line of products. Based on ARM architecture, the S4 chips will run at clock speedsupto 2.5GHz. Qualcomms Vice President of Product Management Raj Talluri,confirmed that the first phones with quad-core Snapdragonchips will ship in 2012.o TI (Texas Instruments ): Raj Talluri Unlike Nvidia and Qualcomm, chipset manufacturer TI isnt puttinga number on its OMAP processor. Rather than calling them dual-core or quad-core, TI refers to them as Multicore. Latest system-on-a-chip is the OMAP 5 by TI. The company didnt give any exact benchmarks, but maintains thatthe OMAP 5 produces speeds competitive with Nvidias quad-coreprocessor. 53. The State of Multicore Processorso Samsung: Its phones and tablets have used both Snapdragon and Tegra chipsets, but the manufacturers semiconductor division is hard at work on the next generation of its own Exynos line of systems-on- a-chip. The next one, the Exynos 5250, isnt quad-core, however; it is a dual-core ARM Cortex-A15 processor. Like TI, Samsung seems to be confident that the Exynos 5250 can produce benchmarks and performance competitive with a quad- core processor. 54. The More the Cores, the Better?o According to Nvidia : quad-core processors improve performance during multitasking as well as the performanceof multithreaded applications. quad-core processor will bring to your phone a level of performance comparable to that of adesktop computer. Nick Stam (Director of technical marketing at Nvidia) :People are going to consider their phones as their primary computerPhones with a quad-core processor are really full computers that can replace many functions of laptops or desktop computers. It is a level of performance that truly does rival a desktop processor.o According to Qualcomm : It expects users will see the power of quad-core in the multitasking speed. The speed inwhich you switch between open applications will be much faster than that of a dual-corephone. Gaming, of course, is the popular example. Quad-core processors support multithreadedapplications, meaning an app that runs multiple processes at once, like a game. Therefore,Gameplay on a phone that can support these simultaneous processes is much more fluidand snappier with higher-quality graphics. Imaging softwares can stitch together multiple photos much faster than a single or dual-core phone. 55. Battery Life: Whats at Stake?o Shortened battery life is the thorn in the side of smartphone innovation.Smartphone batteries cant seem to hold up as processors get more powerfuland networks become faster.o But Nvidia says that quad-core processors are actually easier on battery lifethan single or dual-core chips.o With the Tegra 3 : The processes are distributed across the multiple cores, and therefore a quad-core phone consumes less power than a dual-core phone. Have a fifth companion core that is built using a special lower-power- silicon process. This companion core handles tasks at a lower frequency for active standby mode, music playback, and video playback.o Qualcomms quad-core chips will be able to run simultaneously at differentclock frequencies and at different voltages. 56. Main References : www.phonegg.com/fastest-phones www.theandroidphones.com www.symbian-freak.com www.pcworld.com www.india-mobilewatch.blogspot.in www.aceslab.org 57. Thank You 58. Survey On Mobile Phone ProcessorsTodays Topic: Fastest Graphics Processing Units (GPU) 59. What is a GPU? A Graphics Processing Unit is a co-processor that takes on graphicalcalculations and transformationsso that the main CPU does nothave to be burdened by them. The use of a GPU can greatlyincrease the performance of adevice, especially when used fortasks such as 3D gaming. A GPU can be a stand-alone chipor, as is more often the case,integrated into a complete chipdesign that includes one or moreCPU cores. 60. Need of GPU ?? 61. Fastest GPUNow : ARM Mali-400 MP Worlds 1st embedded multi-core GPU with 4 cores Configurable L2 cache tuned formaximum throughput of size256 KiB Multi-core scaling transparentto software developers APIs : OpenVG 1.1, OpenGL ES2.0 / 1.1 Devices :Win Accord, SmartQT10 , Samsung Galaxy S II Chipsets : Samsung Exynos 4210,4212, 4412 , AML logic 8726-M, 8726-MX 62. Mali-400 in 1080p at 60fps 63. High-quality Game Content : Mali-400 64. More in ARM Mali GPUS - Now Mali-300 High Definition (HD) userinterfaces Integrated 8KB L2 cache Chipsets : SpreadtrumSC8810, SC6820 Mali-200 Worlds most licensedOpenGL ES 2.0 core 1st OpenGL ES 2.0conformant GPU at 1080p No Cache Chipsets : Telechips TCC8803,TCC8902 , STMicroelectronicSPEAr1340 65. Mali GPUS - Future Mali-T604 Innovative GPU architecture Tri-pipe for performance and flexibility Up to 5x Mali-400 MP performance Scalable up to 4 cores L-2 cache size : 256 KiB Anti Aliasing Dynamic power management OS support : Linux, Android, Windows Phone OS. Chipsets : Samsung Exynos 5250 66. ARM Mali GPUS - Future Mali-T658 Midgard architecture 3D graphics Multi core with 8 cores 2 L2 caches : size256KiB Upto 10X graphicperformancecompared to Mali-400MP 67. Nvidia Tegra-2 GeForce GPU 68. For Game DevelopersGeForce GPU Architecture:- The Tegra 2 system-on-a-chip (SoC)features an ultra-low power (ULP)GeForce GPU . An Architecture similar to that ofdesktop GeForce GPUs. Reduces power consumption. Increases Graphics Quality. 69. Features The mobile GeForce GPU processing pipeline is similarto the one defined by the OpenGL 2.0 specifications. Has unique optimizations that enable it to deliverperformance of a pipelined GPU architecture whilekeeping the mobile power requirements in mind. It included eight cores (four pixel shader cores and fourvertex shader cores). They also implemented a unique and proprietaryAnisotropic Filtering (AF) algorithm for improvedtexture quality (up to 16x AF). 70. Geforce GPU Architecture 71. Difference in using Anistropic Filtering 72. Additional Special Features Early-Z support to filter out non-visible pixels. Integrated Pixel Shader and Blend Unit for programming flexibility andhigher performance. Pixel Cache, Texture cache, Vertex, and Attribute Caches to reducememory transactions. Unique 5x Coverage Sampling Anti-aliasing (CSAA) technique thatachieves higher image quality at lower memory bandwidth. Advanced Anisotropic Filtering (AF) for high detail textures. A custom Memory Controller developed in-house that improves GPUperformance and reduces power consumption. Numerous Power Management features for ultra low powerconsumptions. Tegra 2 is well equipped to handle hardware accelerated, touch-baseduser interfaces when the Android OS adopts GPU-based UI rendering. 73. Usually slower than PowerVR SGX Series 5. But in several Game Scenarios it is found that GeForceGPU is 25-50% faster than PowerVR series 5. Hardware accelerated Adobe Flash:-NVIDIA workedclosely with Adobe to offload the Flash processing fromthe CPU core and do nearly all the rendering on theGPU core. This reduces the amount of power consumed andgreatly increases the overall performance because theCPU is freed up to handle other tasks. In the popular Flash benchmark GUIMark2, NVIDIAfound that hardware accelerated Flash improvedperformance 2x to 3x over competing devices that usethe CPU to process Flash content. 74. Comparison!! 75. Phones using GeForce GPUHTC One X Motorola Photon 4G Samsung Captivate Glide And Many More. 76. Nvidia GoForce GPUs GPUsGadgetsGoForce 4500 GizmondoGoForce 4800 SonyEricson W900i,Motorola Razr V3xGoForce 5500 Samsung SGH-P910, Modeo HTC Foreseer 77. GOFORCE 5500Launched by NvidiaMultimedia Graphic ProcessorDecode Video and Audio FormatsSupports H.26424-bit 64-voice Sound processor 78. FeaturesTrue, Fluid Digital TVConsole-Class 3D GamingHigh-Fidelty Surround SoundSharp, Vivid PhotosLess Battery Usage 79. True, Fluid Digital TV The industrys first handheld GPU to playbackH.264, WMV9 and MPEG-4 video upto D1 resolution at 30 frames per second (fps). Compatible with major mobile TV standardsincluding DVB-H, ISDB-T and DMBnetworks 80. Console-Class 3D Gaming Experience console class games, like Quake IIIArena, at unrivalled speeds on ahandheld device. 3X the performance of the previousgeneration 2. 81. High-Fidelty Surround Sound The industry?s first handheld surround soundprocessor to deliver an immersive audioexperience in the palm of your hand. Crossfade and multistream technologies helpto prevent annoying breaks betweensongs and music cut out when the ringtone isactivated. 82. Sharp, Vivid Photos Rapid multi-shot capabilities so you nevermiss that photo. Support for up to 10 megapixel resolution. 83. GPU Details Core Speed 270MHz Architecture NV34B Memory 256 MB Memory Bus 128(64X2) bits Memory Type DDR Open GL 1.5 Resolution 2048X1536 84. PowerVR Develops hardware and software for 2D and3D rendering, and for video encoding,decoding, associated image processing. With introduction of OpenGL and Direct3Dsmall players like PowerVR were pushed frommarket. It responded by developing a series of designsthat could be incorporated into system-on-a-chip architectures suitable for handhelddevice use. E.g. Smartphones, palmtops etc. 85. PowerVR SeriesFollowing chipsets were introduced underPowerVR series: Series 1 (Micro) Series 2 (Micro) Series 3 (STMicro) Series 4 (STMicro) MBX Series 5 (SGX) Series 5XT(SGXMP) Series 6 (Rogue) 86. Samsung Galaxy S Samsung Captivate These are some phones which use PowerVR SGX 540.Samsung Facinate Samsung Nexus S 87. Features of SGX Series 5 Most comprehensive IP core family inindustry. Shader driven-Tile bases deffered architecture(TBDR). Fully programmable GPU using unique USSEarchitecture. Supports all industries standard mobile anddesktop graphics API and OS. Fully backward compatible with PowerVR MBX 88. Benefits of SGX Series 5 Low risk solution for all embedded graphicsapplications. Shader-based architecture enables near photorealistic image quality. Lowest power consumption and siliconfootprint. Low host CPU and memory system bandwidthload. Enables 2D, 3D and general purpose (GP-GPU)processing in a single core. 89. Supported APIs and OSAPIs OpenGL ES 2.0 OpenVG 1.1 OpenCL 1.1 OpenWFOS support Symbian,android and linux 90. Adreno Graphics Processing Units 91. Adreno Graphics Processing Units All the phones from HTC, Samsung, LG that haveQualcomm Snapdragon processors include theintegrated, custom-built Adreno GPU. The power of the Adreno GPU allows developers tobring console and PC quality 3D games to mobiledevices. Qualcomms Adreno graphics solution helps put thepower in your hands, allowing you to make the mostof your 2D and 3D games across wide array ofdevices from high-end smartphones and tablets tofeature phones. 92. Adreno Graphics Processing Units Optimized for faster frame rates, smoother renderingand longer battery life. Designed for everything from 3D rendering to high-end effects, Adreno GPUs deliver the graphics powerneeded for the next generation of games and userexperiences Adreno has many versions : Adreno 130, Adreno 200,Adreno 205, Adreno 220. 93. Adreno 130 GPU Included in certain Snapdragon S1 chipsets, the Adreno130 GPU features complete hardware support for 3Dgraphics and the APIs needed to deliver industry leadinggames and engaging UIs on feature phones. Fixed function graphics pipeline. Enables concurrent CPU, DSP, graphics, and MDP. Supported APIs: OpenGL ES 1.1 OpenVG 1.1 EGL 1.3 Direct3D Mobile 94. Adreno 200 GPU Available in certain Snapdragon S1 chipsets, the Adreno200 GPU features a flexible, unified shader architecturethat allocates only the units necessary for enhancedprocessing. First OpenGL ES 2.0 graphics processing unit withprogrammable Function Pipeline Concurrent CPU, DSP, graphics, and MDP Streaming textures that can combine video, camera, SVGand other image surfaces with 3D graphics Awailable in S1 chipsets like QSD8x50 with 1GHz CPUand MSM7x27 with 600MHz A11 95. Adreno 200 GPU Supported APIs:OpenGL ES 2.0OpenVG 1.1EGL 1.3DirectDraw Direct3D Mobile 96. Adreno 205 GPU Available in the Snapdragon S2 chipset, the Adreno 205GPU features dedicated 2D OpenVG graphics hardware,3D hardware for faster, smoother and more efficient 2Drendering, greatly enhanced 2D plus 3D concurrency allwhile providing lower power utilization. More than twice the graphics performance of the Adreno200 GPU Streaming textures that can combine video, camera, SVGand other image surfaces with 3D graphics Supported APIs(extra):GDISVGT 1.2 97. Adreno 220 GPU Available in the Snapdragon S3 chipset, the Adreno 220GPU features an enhanced level of 3D graphicsperformance, allowing for high-end, immersive gamingexperiences previously limited to PCs and game consoles. More than five times the graphics performance of theAdreno 200 GPU Concurrent CPU, DSP, graphics, and MDP Streaming textures that can combine video, camera, SVGand other image surfaces with 3D graphics Supported APIs:(Same as Adreno 200) 98. HTC Desire HDHTC G2 LG Optimus LTE LU6200 HTC Desire ZGalaxy S II Skyrocket 99. HTC Nexus One HTC myTouch 4GNokia Lumia 800 100. Bibliography : http://www.arm.com/products/multimedia/mali-graphics-hardware/index.php http://smartphonebenchmarks.com/ http://graphics-cards-review.toptenreviews.com/ http://www.mobileburn.com https://developer.qualcomm.com/discover/chipsets-and-modems/adreno http://sigalonandroid.soup.io/tag/powervr%20sgx540 http://androidandme.com/2010/10/news/3dmarkmobile-gpu-showdown-adreno-205-vs-powervr-sgx540/