-
"Populat ion and Development" Series No.4Supported by the Japan
Shipbuilding Industry Foundation(Chairman, yoichi Sasakawa) _
Survey of Urbanization, Living Environmentand Welfare in
Bangkok
- Data-
MARCH 1986
The Asian Population and DevelopmentAssociation (foundation)
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Assigned by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries
Report on the Survey of Rural Populationand Agricultural
Development
in Asian Countries- Thailand -
MARCH 1986
The Asian Population and DevelopmentAssociation (foundation)
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THE ASIAN POPULATION ANO OEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION, 1986
Nagatacho TBR Building, Rm. 71010·2, Nagatacho z-chome.
Chlyoda-ku, Tokyo 100Telephone: (03)581·7770
Printed in Tokyo, Japan
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Foreword
The Asian Population and Development Association (APDA)
conducted asurvey entitled, "Basic Survey on the Population and
Development inSoutheast Asian Countries - Thailand," in 1984,
entrusted by theJapanese Government. This study is based on a field
survey conducted insix slum districts of Bangkok in November, 1984
by the Japanese surveygroup. It is also based on a questionnaire
survey in two slum areasconducted at a later date in December by
the Japanese study group·scounterpart in Thailand, the Bangkok
Community Development Project(BCDP).
BCDP organized a survey team within the organization chaired by
Dr.Nongluk, Professor of the Department of Humanities, Mahidol
University,on the occasion of the implementation of this
questionnaire survey. Theteam completed its research of 450
households within one month, andthereafter coded the data
collected.
Considering the importance of the collected data, the APDA
hasrequested Dr. Toshio Kuroda, Director Emeritus of the Nihon
University,Population Research Institute, Dr. Kazumasa Kobayashi,
Professor of thesame Institute, and Ms. Yasuko Hayase, Senior
Researcher, StatisticsDepartment, Institute of Developing
Economies.
Major characteristics of the data is thatslum residents I birth
places, instead of simplytrend or previous addresses, as was the
casestudies.
it traces back to thestudying the migration
in the conventional
It is our hope that this report would assist the organizations
andindividuals in Thailand as well as other countries actively
engaged inpopulation and development-related tasks.
In conclusion, I would like to extend our appreciation to the
JapanShipbuilding Foundation (Chairman: Mr. Ryoichi Sasakawa) and
UnitedNations Fund for Population Activities (Mr. R. M. Salas) for
theirconsiderable support in the compilation of this report.
March, 1986
Tatsuo TanakaChairmanAsian Population andDevelopment
Association
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1111111111111111111111111111111I
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CON TEN T S
Foreword
.•.•.•.•...••........•.•.•............•...•....•..•..•.. 1
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ••.••••••.•.....•.•.•••••••••••••••.•.•.
5
1. Urbanization and Slums ......•••.•...•••.•.•.•..........••..
6
2. Characteristics of Urbanization in Thailand 7
3. Characteristics of the Actual Survey 8
CHAPTER 2 ANALYSIS. • • • • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • .
• . • . • . • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 13
Foreword •.•..•...••.•..••..•.••........•.•.....•..•.•.•...••.
14
1. Age and Sex Composition ..•...........•...•.•.•.•..•.•.....
14
2. Proportion of Household Heads 14
3. Marital Status and Migration of Household Heads 15
4. Educational Level 15
5. Family Composition of Households •......•...•.•.•.......••.
15
6. Labor Force Status .•.........•.••.•.••..............••••.•
16
7. Employment Status and Income of Households Heads ••.•......
16
8. Incomes and Size of Households ...•...•.•...•.•.•..•...•.•.
16
9. Distribution of Disease and Injuries bySmokers and
Non-smokers .•.•.....•.••..•.••....•........•.. 17
10. Family Planning •.............•...•.•.....•..•......•....•.
17
11. Residential Environment ..•...•.......•............•.••••.•
17
12. Standard of Living .......••..••...•...•..............•.•.•
18
13. Migration Status of Household Heads ......•..•......•....•.
19
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CHAPTER 3 STATISTICAL TABLES 23
List of Tables ,0' • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • •• 24
Statistical Tables 25
CHAPTER 4 QUESTIONNAIRE 75
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
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1. Urbanization and Slums
According to the Fifth Population questionnaire conducted by
theU.N. in 1983, only 3 countries among 126 developing countries
(excludingoil producing countries) considered the distribution of
populationwithin their country to be satisfactory. These were the
small islandcountries of Barbados, Malta and Nauru. Almost all
Asian countries aresuffering from an imbalance in population
distribution. Expressed inanother way, this problem is urbanization
resulting from migration. Theurban population itself is not so
large, representing only about 20% ofthe population in the Asia and
Pacific regions (ESCAP regions).However, the problem lies in the
special characteristics and growth rateof this urban population.
These Asian countries are characterized bythe existence of primary
cities with huge populations, and an extremelyhigh rate of
population increase in these cities due to concentrativemigration
from rural areas.
For example, the population of metropolitan Manila in
thePhilippines is approximately 6 million, which is 10 times larger
thanthe population of Cebu, the second largest city, which is 500
thousand.There are no intermediate cities between these two. The
situation inThailand is similar. The city of Bangkok-Thonburi has a
population of 5million whereas the population of the second
largest, Tiangmei, is onlyabout 100 thousand. Therefore, a large
percentage of the increase inthe urban population is the iDcrease
occurring only in the largest city.
Although the population of Asia has been increasing at a rate
of2.5% to 3% in recent years, urban populatiion has been increasing
at amore rapid rate of 4% to 6%. The lev~l of the population
increase inprimary cities is particularly high at 6% to 8%, and it
is estimatedthat about half of this population increase is caused
by a populationinflow from rural areas.
This explosive increase in the population of large cities
indeveloping countries has created serious social and economic
problems,and is having a negative impact on both the quality of
life and economicdevelopment. This trend is called
"over-urbanization" or "pseudo-urbanization:" a population increase
exceeding the population-carryingcapacity and employment
opportunity-creating capacity of the cities. Toput it bluntly, it
includes the creation of slum areas and the increaseof squatters.
These areas generally have extremely poor living andhygenic
conditions, and are environments into which social welfare
andmedical and educational services often do not reach.
Therefore,improving and maintaining the quality of life for the
people in theseareas are important political tasks.
byIn Jakarta, Indonesia, 70% of the population increase is
the area outside city planning in the outskirts of the city,
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absorbedand the
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slum population in India was estimated to be 46.2
millionAccording to an estimate based on these trends, it is
saidthan 66% of the urban population in Asia will be living
insquatter districts by the year 2000. (*1)
in 1980.that moreslums or
Although the rate of increase of the urban population in
developingcountries is extremely high as described above, it
accounts for only asmall percentage of the total population and its
increase is nottherefore, extremely conspicuous. This is because
the rate of increaseof the rural population is also high. The urban
popUlation increasesnot only from population inflows from rural
areas, but also from thenatural increase of the urban population
itself. Generally speaking,natural increase accounts for 60% of the
increase in the urbanpopulation of developing countries, while
migration and reclassificationof rural areas account for 25 - 32%
and 8 - 15%, respectively. In anycase, there is a limit to the
capacity of cities to cope with theselarge and numerous population
inflows, which have created many difficultadministrative problems.
Because the migration to the cities is largelymade up of young
people of marrying and child bearing age, this places atremendous
burden on the urban administration in many aspects of
itsinfrastructure such as employment, housing and welfare. The
migrationfrom rural to urban areas basically reflects the demand
for labornecessary in the process of industrialization. On the
other hand,however, there are many cases in which people are being
pushed out ofthe rural areas by such factors as the land system,
mechanization ofagriculture, natural calamities and the existence
of surplus labor. Forwhatever reason, the population is migrating
to the cities seekingworking opportunitieis and higher income. This
problem of the rapidincrease in urban population in the
urbanization process is also aproblem for rural areas. Therefore,
when examining these urbanproblems, it is necessary to formulate
measures based not only on theurban areas themselves, but rather,
based on a comprehensiveinterrelationship between the urban and
rural areas.
2. Characteristics of Urbanization in Thailand
As mentioned previously, the urban population of Thailand
accountsfor only 17% of the entire popUlation. Furthermore, there
are only 3cities in which the population exceeds 100 thousand. And,
5 millionpeople, comprising 62% of the entire urban population,
live in theBangkok metropolitan area. (*2)
The population density of the Bangkok metropolitan area was
2,370per square kilomter in 1975, but increased to 3,213 by 1980,
showing arate of population increase much higher than the national
average.
Thailand has serious urbanization-related problems typical of
other
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Asian countries, which center in the primary city of Bangkok.
There aresaid to be approximately 500 slums in Bangkok. However,
the point whichmust be considered here is the fact that the slums
are an integral partof the Bangkok metropolitan area, and are not
isolated from thismetropolis in any way. Furthermore, the slums are
directly connectedwith the economic activities of Thailand and are
communities with Thaisocietal characteristics. Therefore, the
characteristics of Thailandare manifested in its slums, and it is
neither possible nor adequate toconsider them in the same light
with slums in other developingcountries. For instance, the benefits
of Thailand's high economicgrowth has penetrated the slums as well,
and houses there are equippedwith such durable consumer goods as
televisions, refrigerators, andelectric rice cookers. The effects
of the Thai government's strongfamily planning policy are also
clearly evident in its slums. Evenelementary school children
commute to school with simple but cleanclothes. If it were not for
the sewage flowing through this livingenvironment, it really
couldn't be termed a slum area at all. It isdifficult to define
slums. It is necessary to redefine the term slum inthe light of the
changes and progress in the society. However, it istrue that the
Thai government and the general pUblic consider certainareas to be
slums. Deputy Minister Boontiam, who provided cooperationthroughout
our survey, and his staff at the Bangkok CommunityDevelopment
Project (BCDP) are devoted to reforming these slums. Theyare
implementing concrete policies which can grow into
autonomousmovements to promote self-sustenance of the people in
slum areas. Forexample, in a project to lay concrete caps over
ditches, the Projectwill provide the necessary materials, but the
labor must be provided bythe local people.
3. Characteristics of the Actual Survey
With cooperation from BCDP, we prepared an interview
questionnaireand carried out a survey interview in two districts,
Gunnattee andMorawan. Recording of the interview and questionnaire
sheet collectionwere conducted by the people from BCDP; the data
were sent to the APDPoffice and analyzed by computer enumeration.
(*3)
The results of this analysis are described in Chapter 2.
Some points which require special comment follow.
The first point is the high rate of contraception in
familyplanning. The figures were 60.2% in Gunnattee district (for
marriedwomen between the ages 15 to 44) and 57.4% in Morawan
district.Although the rate of practicing contraception in Thailand
has beenincreasing in recent years (51% in 1978, 59% in 1981, 65%
in 1985,according to CPS survey), it is important to stress that
the practicing
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rate in slum areas is not sUbstantially different from the
nationalaverage. This demonstrates the effect of the campaign and
theeducational activities of the government in slum areas. An
additionalfactor could be the low illiteracy rate in these
areas.
The second point is the problem of migration. In the
Gunnatteedistrict. in as many as 46% of the surveyed households,
heads ofhouseholds were from the central region where they were
born and 14%were from the northeastern region where they were born.
The figures inthe Morawan region were also high at 34% and 11%.
respectively. TheGunnattee district is relatively new, formed about
20 years ago. It hasthe highest percentage of immigrants from the
central region which seemsto reflect this recent trend. But the
fact that the majority ofimmigrants in the Morawan district also
come from the central regionseems to indicate a close connection
between the central region and theformation of slums in Bangkok. A
noteworthy point emerges when weexamine where immigrants lived
before moving into the present slum area.Among the 442 people in
the entire surveyed households (effectiverespondents), 55% came
directly to this slum area, 38% came from otherslum areas, and only
5% came from non-slum areas. This shows that thosewho move into the
present slum area have a sufficient information aboutthe district.
There seem to be many cases in which people move intoslum areas
where their friends or relatives are already living. Casesin which
people move into slum areas with no prior connections there arevery
rare. Also worthy of note is the fact that many of the heads
ofhouseholds come from the Central district. In a sense, the
formation ofslum areas is an historical phenomenon, and once slums
are formed theyseem to take root and expand. Further research is
necessary on theregional connections of the populations which form
the slums, therelations with their place of origin, .and the
possibility of slum-dwellers to move out of these areas.
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Urban Population of Asian Countries (1983)
Area and Population Rate of UrbanCountry (million) Population (
%)
World 4,684.5 40.9
ESCAP Area 2,615.5 26.9
East Asia 1,206.1 28.5
China 1,039.8 20.7Hong Kong 5 ..3 90.6Japan 119.1 76.4Mongolia
1.8 54.4South Korea 39.9 62.0
Southeast Asia 382.0 25.1
Brunei 0.2Burma 36.2 28.9Kampuchea 6.9 14 .9Indonesia 159.2
24.1Laos 3.9 14.9Malaysia 14.7 30.7Philippines 51. 9 38.7Singapore
2.5 74.1Thailand 49.4 15.1Vietnam 57.0 19.9
South Asia 1,003.9 24.5
Afghanistan 14.8 17.4Bangladesh 95.8 11. 3Bhutan 1.4 4.3India
723.8 24.7Iran 42.1 53.2Maldives 0.2Nepal 15.8 5.4Pakistan 94.4
29.1Srilanka 15.6 21.3
Pacific 23.5 12.6
Australia 15.3 86.6Fiji 0.7 40.2New Zealand 3.2 83.6papua New
Guinea 3.3 13.8Samoa 0.2Solomon Islands 0.3Others 0.6
Source: Asian Pacific Population Programme News, ESCAP,Vol. 14,
No.2, June 1985, P. 5
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Notes
(*1) Asian-Pacific Population Programme ~, ESCAP, Vol.14, No.2,
June1985.
(*2) Asian-Pacific Population Programme News, Vol.14, No.3,
September1985, p , 34.
(*3) Refer to "Basic Survey on Population and Development in
theSoutheast Asian Countries -- Thailand, II Asian
PopulationandDevelopment Association, Feb. 1985, concerning
questionnairesheet and description of the general conditions in the
districtswhere interviews and inspections were performed.
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CHAPTER 2
ANALYSIS
-
Foreward
This chapter presents a brief analysis of the results of
thequestionnaire survey conducted in two areas, Gunnattee and
Morawan,based on the statistical tables which are given in the
Appendix of thisreport. Comparisons between the two areas would be
the major topics ofdiscussion. However, it must be pointed out that
the population and thenumber of house holds in Gunnattee are 1,337
and 310, respectively,while those in Morawan are much lower at 791
and 134.
1. Age and Sex Composition
When comparing the two communities, the age composition is
youngerand the sex ratio (male/female) is lower in Gunnattee than
in Morawan(Table I). Those under 15 years of age are 34% in
Gunnattee and 29% inMorawan, while those in ages 65 years and over
are 2% and 5%,respectively. When the age-specific proportions of
males for Morawan isapplied to the age-sex composition of
population for Gunnattee, the malepopulation for Morawan is
expected to be 111 taking the male populationin Gunnattee as
100.
The sex composition for those under 5 years of age in Morawan is
37boys and 28 girls, which is not so peculiar, while it is 64 boys
and 106girls, indicating an abnormally high proportion of
girls.
In Gunnattee, the age group 20-24 is seen to project from
thepopulation pyramid. The second largest projection is that by the
agegroup 15-19 (if excluding the age group 0-4), which indicates an
urban-type age composition. In Morawan, the age group 15-19 is the
largest,followed by those aged 10-14.
2. Proportion of Household Heads
The proportion of male and female household heads as well
ashousehold heads controlling for sex, is larger in Gunattee than
Morawan(Table I). This tendency is particularly significant for
those in theirtwenties. In age group 20-24, the number of household
heads amount to47 persons or 25% of the age population in Gunattee,
while those inMorawan account for none (0 out of 96 persons). As
for the age group25-29, there is also a significant difference
between the twocommunities, that is, 41% to 10%. A similar trend is
also observed formales alone. In Gunattee, 32 out of 89 males aged
20-24 and 35 out of75 aged 25-29 (47%) are household heads, and in
Morawan, none out of 52
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aged 20-24 and only 5 out of 32 aged 25-29 (16%) are household
heads.
In the case of males, 29 out of 49 (59%) in Gunattee and 34 out
of42 (81%) in Morawan in ages 50 and over are household heads.
Forfemales, however. the opposite cases are observed; the number
ofhousehold heads in Gunatte is 28 out of 56 (50%}in the similar
agegroup, whereas 23 out of 55 (42%) are in Morawan.
twothe
The above differences in the proportion of household heads
ofcommunities will be examined in the latter chapter which
deals
household composition in Gunattee and Morawan.
thewith
3. Marital Status and Migration of Household Heads
Regarding the structure of marital status for female
householdheads, there is a relatively large variation between the
two areas, butthat for males is not so significant. Of the total
number of femalehousehold heads, 49% are married (61 out of 125) in
Gunattee, while only29% (12 out of 42) are married in Morawan. The
proportion of thosedivorced and separated women is 16% in Gunattee,
but only 5% in Morawan.The proportion of widows are high in
Morawan, reaching the 57%-level.In Gunattee. however, this figure
is a mere 25% (Table 3). The heads ofhousehold who have migrated
from other communities are considerably highin proportion in
Gunattee than in Morawan, with figures of 74% and 60%,respectively
(Table 17).
4. Educational Level
There is only a slight difference in the educational level
betweenthe two communities. As for males in ages six and over,
"illiteracy"accounts for 8% in Gunattee and 9% in Morawan. Those
completing primaryeducation is 50% in the former and 48% in the
latter; 37% and 39%,respectively, for secondary education; and 5%
and 3% for post-secondaryeducation and college. The difference is
smaller for females, that is15%, 53%, 29% and 3% in Gunattee, and
15%, 53%. 28% and 4% in Morawan,respectively (Table 4).
5. Family Composition of Households
There is a relatively large difference between the two
communities.Of the total number of households, 65% are nuclear
family households inGunattee, while in Morawan the figure is 52%.
For extended familyhouseholds, the figures are 32% in Gunattee and
36% in Morawan (Table
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5). This differencethe age compositionMorawan.
is related to the previously mentioned fact thatin young ages is
greater in Gunattee than in
6. Labor Force Status
Of the total population aged 10 and over, 74% are in labor force
inGunattee and 68% in Morawan (Table 6). Among males, 84% are in
laborforce in Gunattee and 58% in Morawan. For females, 64% in the
formerand 58% in the latter are in labor force. The prportion of
those inlabor force is lower in Gunattee than in Morawan. This is
due to theproportion of students and pupils being lower in the
former (14%) thanin the latter (18%). When students and pupils are
excluded from thetotal population aged 10 and over, the proportion
of those in laborforce in the two communities is almost identical,
that is, 86% inGunattee and 83% in Morawan.
As for occupations, merchants (probably mostly petty) account
foras many as 28% in Gunattee, while the figure is only 10% in
Morawan. Asfor females, merchants account for 43% in Gunattee (only
13% inMorawan).
Employees account for 55% of the total population in labor force
inGunattee and 66% in Morawan. Those unemployed are high in
proportion,reaching 22% of the total labor force population (14% in
Gunattee).
7. Employment Status and Income of Household Heads
The average annual income of household heads amounts to 1,963
baht(279 household heads) in Gunattee and 2,005 (lOO) in Morawan
(Table 7),indicating no significant difference between the two
communities. Asfor the employees who are relatively numerous in
number, the average is2,070 (171) in Gunattee and 2,192 (79) in
Morawan, also indicating nosiginificant difference. There is also
no significant differencebetween the average income for employees
for employees 2,070 (171), andthat for merchants, 1,829 (95) in
Gunattee.
8. Incomes and Size of Households
The average monthly income of households is 4,230 baht
(304households) in Gunattee and 5,666 (135) in Morawan, indicating
asignificantly higher household average in Morawan than Gunattee
(Table8). Such a tendency of increasing household size and larger
income is
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observed in both areas. Considering that the average household
size of4.3 members in Gunattee and 5.9 in Morawan, the higher
avarage of incomein Morawan results from the larger average
household size. When incomeis standardized for Morawan with the
distribution of household size inGunattee, average income is 4,699
baht, which is not significantlydifferent from Gunattee (4,230
baht), but the fact remains that it isstill larger.
9. Distribution of Disease and Injuries by Smokers and
Non-smokers
Since the survey samples were broadly dispersed, only male
sUbjectsin both communities were investigated. The percentage of
males havingno disease and injuries is 81% among smokers aged 15
years and over.That for non-smokers is also 81%, indicating no
difference betweensmokers and non-smokers. When standardized by
using the age compositionfor males aged 15 years and over in both
areas combined, (Table 9), thefigure for males having no disease
and injuries are expected to reach82.6% among smokers, while that
for non-smokers, 76.8%. The latter issmaller on the
age-standardized basis.
10. Family Planning
The percentage of married females practising contraception is
55%(51/91) in age group 15-24, 68% (52/77) in age group 25-34, and
58%(31/53) in age group 35-44 in Guanttee; and 56% (15/27) in age
group 15-24, 74% (25/43) in age group 25-34, and 58% (22/38) in age
group 35-44in Morawan. No significant difference is seen between
the twocommunities (Table 13).
As evident in Table 14, which shows the distributionnon-users of
contraception as well as that of users bymethod and educational
level, no manifest difference isrespective levels of education.
11. Residential Environment
of users andcontraceptiveseen for the
In general, the slum communities are situated in marsh land
andcharacterized by the poor living environment. Both Gunattee and
Morawanare such slums. Due to the absence of sufficient drainage
systems inthese low-lying areas, footpaths consisting of wooden
planks have beenbuilt over the dirty water. Table 15-D shows that
83% of all householdsare situated on swampy marsh land in Gunattee
and 86% in Morawan.Morawan in particular is situated near canals,
and is frequently hit byfloods in the rainy season.
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As for such infrastructure items as water and sewage systems,
bothcommunities are fairly well equipped for being slum areas. As
Table 15-A indicated. more than 90% of all households in both
communities areequipped with lavatories, inclusive of both of
private and public ones.In particular, since Morawan had grown into
a slum about 20 years ago,the number of households equipped with
private lavatories is high at96%. In Gunattee, which is a newly
developed community. only 61% of thetotal number of households have
private toilets, but such toilets are ofthe oil-drum type. The
diffusion rate of water services is almost 100%in Gunattee but only
74% in Morawan, since water drainage pipes havebeen recently
installed in Gunattee with the cooperation of the BangkokCommunity
Development Project (BCDP). While Gunattee's water supply
iscompletely derived from water pipes. both as a source of drinking
waterand water for daily use, only 74% of the total amount of
Morawan'sdrinking water is supplied from water pipes; 13%
originates from wells;11%, from rain water; and 2%, from the
canals. Regarding water fordaily use. 54% is drawn from the tap;
6%, from wells; and 38%. fromcanals for washing and other similar
daily chores (Table 15-8 and I5-C).
12. Standard of Living
In order to comprehend the standard of living in slum areas,
asurvey incorporating 9 consumer durab1es items of black-and-white
TV,color TV, refrigerator, stereo set. electric fan. radio,
electric ricecooker, sewing machine and motor bicycle was
conducted. Rather highfigures were recorded for such items in both
areas as electric fan(56%), black-and-white TV (38%), radio (29%),
electric rice cooker(29%), while motor bicycle (1%), stereo set
(3%) and sewing machine(10%) registered smaller figures. As the
average total income is higherin Morawan than in Gunattee by a
margin of 30% (Table 8). the amount ofconsumer durab1es owned
varies between the two communities. Thepossession rate of consumer
durables is higher in Morawan than inGunattee for all items. Among
others, the possession rate of TV (black-and-white and color)
surpasses 70% and that of either electric fan orelectric rice
cooker reaches 60% in Morawan. Refrigerators are owned by36% of all
households in Morawan, while the similar figure for Gunatteeis only
7%. This variation in the standard of living between the twoareas
is attributable to such factors as that the slum area of Morawanis
older than that of Gunattee; average age of householders is higher
inMorawan; and average income of household is higher in
Morawan.
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13. Migration Status of Household Heads
(1) Migration Status of Household Heads by Age and Sex
Of the 441 of household heads, 134 were born in Bangkok (30% of
thetotal), while the remainder of 307 who came from regions other
thanBangkok (70%) were migrants (Table 17-1). By sex, 68% of all
males and72% of females came from other regions. The Population
Census and thesurvyes on migration to Bangkok Metropolis also show
that the number offemales migrating to Bangkok exceeds that of
males. In these slumareas, a similar tendency is observed. By age
group, number ofhousehold heads who had migrated from other areas
exceeded the 80% markin the age groups 40-44, 55-59, 65-69, and
75-79. On the contrary, themigration rates were lower in lower age
groups 15-19 (38%), 25-29 (61%),and 35-39 (64%). Since the survey
respondents were household heads, itwas expected that those "under
20" or "60 years and older" would besmaller. Therefore, careful
consideration of the survey results mustbe given.
By region, 74% of all household heads had migrated to the
presentdwellings in Gunattee, while 60% of them in Morawan. This
indicatesthat the migration rate is higher in a young slum area
such as Gunatteewhen compared with that of Morawan. (Table 17-2 and
17-3). In bothcommunities, the percentage of females who had
migrated in from otherregions of the country exceeds that of
males.
(2) Birthplace of Household Heads and Information on Current
Dwelling
Among all household heads, 30% had been born in Bangkok, of
which20% were born in non-slum areas, 8% in other slum areas and 2%
in thecurrent slums. In other words, those born in non-slum areas
and whomigrated into the present slums represent the majority
(Table 18 and22). Among the total population of household heads who
had migrated infrom regions outside of Bangkok, 43% originated from
the central part ofthe country, which is geopraphically closer to
Bangkok, 13% came fromthe northeastern region, the poorest area, 7%
from the eastern region,6% from the northern region and 2% from
ther southern region borderingMalaysia. These results are similar
to the trends indicated by earliersurveys. Among all male household
heads, 40% were born in the centralregion and 13% in the northern
region while among all female householdheads, 47% were born in the
central region and 12% in the northernregion, indicating that
females had originated from relatively closerarea to Bangkok when
campared with the cases seen in males.
By place ofaccounts for 46%;"southern region,"
birth of all household heads, the "central"northern region, II
14%; "eastern region, II
2% in Gunattee.
- 19 -
region"5%; and
-
The breakdown is 34%, 11%, 5%, 11% and 1%, respectively,
inMorawan. This indicates some variance between the two
communnities, andis partially due to the fact that the slum in
Morawan is older, as wellas the result of changes in internal
migration occurring in and afterthe decade of the 19605.
Here, the analysis considers whether or not prior information
onthe migration destination was available, since it is assumed that
suchinformation is a major factor in the decision to actually
migrate. Thepresence of close friends or relatives in the current
residing areas wasinvestigated. With the exception of the 9
household heads born in thepresent residences, 57% of all household
heads had responded that theyhad close friends or relatives, and,
by area, 61% in Gunattee and 47% inMorawan were seen to be in this
situation. The reason for the lowerrate in Morawan is that 40% of
the total number of household heads wereborn in Bangkok (6% of them
were born in the present slum area), so thatit was relatively easy
for them to obtain information about the slumarea they are living
now even if no friends or relatives were present.
(3) Migration Status of Household Heads
With respect to the migration pattern from birth place to
thepresent slums, Table 19 indicates the results. For example, of
the 37household heads born in other slum areas of Bangkok, 28
migrateddirectly to the present place of residence, 8 had first
resided in otherslum areas, and one had lived in a non-slum area,
so those who camedirectly to the present area represent a greater
number. Of the 88 bornin non-slum areas, 57 came directly to the
present dwelling places, 26had initially lived in other slum areas,
3 had resided in other non-slumareas, 2 had moved to the northern
and southern regions and then came tothe present slums. Of the 188
born in the central area, who representthe majority of all
household heads, only 2 had previously migratedthrough the southern
region to the slums they are living in now (knownas "step
migration"). Most of them came directly to Bangkok (186) andof
these, 92 moved directly to the present dwelling places and 81
hadlived in other slum areas, while only 13 had previously lived in
non-slum areas.
Of the total 442 household heads (number of valid responses),
55%inclusive of 9 household heads born in the present areas, had
moveddirectly to the present areas, 38% via other slum areas, 5%
through non-slum areas. Only 2% have previously resided in regions
other thanBangkok. These figures indicate that these respondents
had a certainamount of information on their destination prior to
moving. The lowrate of those who had moved through non-slum areas
indicates that slumdwellers experience difficulties living in
non-slum areas due to anumber of reasons, including economic
ones.
(4) Frequency of Moving of Household Heads and Length of
Residence
- 20 -
-
Table 20 shows the frequency of moving of household heads
beforemigrating to the present residence, and the length of
residence. Of thetotal number of household heads, 173 had moved
twice; 123, once; and 89,three times, which means that as the
frequency for moving increases, thenumber of householders
decreases. The largest number of times formoving is marked by a man
aged 57 years old living in Gunattee, that is9 times. His history
from birth to the present residence is as follows:northeastern
region (birthplace)- northern region - southern regionnorthern
region - other slum - non-slum - other slum (moved 3 times )present
slum area. He had moved 9 times within 11 years.
Household headsMorawan. Of the totalGunattee, while 41%Morawan.
Those whoGunattee, but Only 18%
in Gunattee moved more frequently than thosenumber of household
heads, 22% moved only once(twice as many as the percentage of
Gunattee)moved three or more times account for 37%in Morawan.
inininin
Regarding the length of residence, of the total 441
householdheads, "1-3 years" accounts for 50%; "4-10," 31%; and "11
years andlonger," 19%. This means that those who have been living
in the presentareas for a shorter period are larger in number. By
area, "one year"accounts for 35%, "less than 4 years," 68%;
"llyears and longer," 3% inGunattee, indicating that those who have
been living in the presentareas for a shorter period account for
the majority. In Morawan, on thecontrary, "less than 4 years"
accounts for only 8% and "11 years andlonger" represented 61% or
the largest number. There is a significantdifference between the
two areas in terms of length of residence andfrequency of
migration.
(5) Reasons for Migration of Household Heads
In general, people move to other places due to such reasons
as"economic", "education", "marriage", and "to accompany family".
Thissurvey was conducted using 7 reasons for moving to the current
areas;i.e., "marriage", "to accompany family", "occupation/economic
reaseons" ,"eviction", "circumstances", lito live alone" and
"others". Table 21shows the reasons for moving from place of birth
and for moving fromplace of birth and for moving from previous
residences to the presentslum areas.
Of the total 437 household heads, 222 (51%) had migrated due
to"occupation/economic reasons", 15% "to accompany family" and
13%"marriage". It is interesting to note that 51 or 12% of the
totalnumber of household heads were "evicted". Those who
responded"eviction" were mostly born in other slum areas or
non-slum areas; 40%of those who were born in other slums and 26% of
those who were born innon-slum areas were seen to have been
"evicted".
- 21 -
-
Regarding the place of birth, 62% of all household heads from
thecentral region, 67% from the northeastern region, 63% from the
easternregion, 54 % from the northern region and 71% from the
southern regionwere seen to have migrated to the present area of
residence due to"occupation/economic reasons", indicating the fact
that many respondentshad come to Bangkok for seeking employment
opportunities.
As for the reasons for migrating from previous residences to
thepresent one, (for those who have moved only once, their
birthplaces areregarded as the former residence), of all 311
household heads, 130 (42%)moved due to "economic reasons" and 81
(26%) were "eviction". Thisshows that most of the former residences
are also slum areas (refer toTable 19), and they dwelled under
insufficient living conditions.Consequently, slum dwellers remain
in one place for a relatively shorterperiod, tending to move
frequently from one place to another. Among thehousehold heads, new
slum areas, such as Gunattee in particular, theyare younger and
earn lower incomes, and thus must move from one slumarea to another
in order to seek better jobs, or because of being"evicted". The
fact is undoubtedly supported by the survey results.
- 22 -
-
CHAPTER 3
STATISTICAL TABLES
-
Table 1.Table 2.Table 3.Table 4.Table 5.Table 6.Table 7.Table
8.Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.Table 13.Table 14.
Table 15.Table 16.Table 17.Table 18.
Table 19.Table 20.
Table 21.Table 22.
List of Tables
Population by Age & SexAge Structure IndexesMarital Status
of Household Head by Sex & AgeEducational LevelFamily
structurePopulation of 10 Years Old & Over by Labor Force
StatusMonthly Income of Household Head by Occupational
StatusMonthly Income per Household by Size of Household MembersThe
Number of Injury & Disease by Smoking & Non-Smoking, Ageand
SexThe Number of Injury & Disease in the Past 2 Weeks by Type
ofDiagnosisThe Number of Injury & Disease in the Past 2 Weeks
by Methodof Self-TreatmentMedical Treatment Recipients by Injury
& DiseaseMarried Persons by Sex and Age, Type of Contraceptive
MethodMarried Persons by Educational Level, Type of
ContraceptiveMethodSocial Indexes by CommunityOwnership Status by
Type of Durable GoodsMigration Status of Household Head by Sex and
AgeThe Number of Household Head by Place of Birth, by Type
ofInformation before MigrationThe Number of Household Head by Type
of MigrationHousehold Heads by Number of Times for Migration and
Numberof Years Lived in the Present ResidenceThe Number of
Household Head by Reason for MOVingThe Number of Household Head by
Place of Birth and Sex
- 24 -
-
ALL POPULATION
POPULATION BY AGE & SEXTABLE1-1
COMMUN 11'1 : TOTAL
235 ( lI.C)
.)- ( -)
FEMAI£.)- ( -)
MAlE
- ( -)
II 0 USE II 0 LOll E A 0
TOTAL (1:)
134 ( 12. J)
FEMALE (:l:).)101 ( 9.9>
MAlE.)roTA!.AGEo - 4
103 ( 9.3>5 - ,
10 - 14
209
243
S.8)
11.4)
106
119
10.4 )
11.6) 124 1I.2)
1 ( o.a:
- ( -)0.4 )
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
IV
129 ( 12.6)
141 ( 13.8)
107 ( io.s:
82: ( 8.0)
58 ( 5.7>
41 ( 4.6>
41 ( 4.0)
36 ( 3.5>
152 ( 13.8)
145 ( 13.l>
106 ( 9.6)
64 ( 5.8)
70 ( 6.:3>
41 ( 4.3>
49 ( 4.4>
43 ( 3.9)
a ( 1.8)
47 ( 10.6)
65 ( 14.6)
61 ( 13.7)
58 ( 13.1)
46 ( 10.4)
44 ( 9.9)
49 ( 11.0)
4 ( 1.4)
32 ( 11.6)
40 ( 14.4)
42 ( 15.2)
S4 ( 12.3)
31 ( 11.2)
30 ( IO.8)
29 ( 10.5)
4 ( 2.4)
15 ( 9.0)
25 ( 15.0)
19 ( 11.4)
24 ( 14.4)
15 ( 9.0)
14 , 8.4)
20 ( 12.0)
CJlrtOJc+....'"r-r....cOJf-'
"3OJ0-f-'
"'"55 - 59 so 2. S> 2S 2.4) 2S 2.3> 29 6.5) 16 5.8) 13
7.8)
4 ( 0.4)
4 ( 1.4)
60 - 64
65 - 69
70 - 74
31
17
,
1.5)
0.8)
0.4)
16
4
5
1.6)
0.4)
0.5)
15
13
1.4)
1.2)
14
,6
3.2)
2.0)
1.4)
7
4
2.5)
1.4)
7
5
2
4.2)
3.0)
1.2)
75 - 79 6 o.s» 2 0.2) 4 ( 0.4) 5 1.1) 2 0.7) 3 1.8)
4 ( 0.4)
- ( -)80 - 84
85+
7
4
0.3)
0.2)
3 0.:3>
0.1> 3 0.3)
2 0.5) 0.4)
- ( -)0.6)
- ( -)
......tAL 2,128 (100.0) 1.023
-
TABLEl-2 POPULATION BY AGE & SEX
COMMUN I TY : GUNNATIEE
ALL POPULAT I ON 1l0USElIOLD HEAD
AGE roTAl ,.) MALE ,.) """LE ,.) roTAl ,.) MALE ,., FE>lALE
,.)o - , 170 ( 12.7) 6' ( 10.3) 106 ( 14.8) - , - ) - , - ) - , -
)5 - 9 148 ( 11.1) 71 ( 11.4) 77 ( 10.8) - , - ) - , - , - , -
)
10 - 14 '39 ( 10.4) 67 ( 10.8) 72 ( 10.1> - , - ) - , - ) - ,
- )15 - IS 165 ( 12.3) SS ( u. l) 96 ( 13.4) 7 ( 2.3) 4 , 2.2) 9 ,
2.4)
20 - 24 190 ( 14.2> 89 e 14.3) 101 ( 14.l) 47 ( 15.2) 92 (
17.3) 15 ( 12.0)
25 - 29 14' ( 10.5) 75 ( 12.1) 68 , 9.2) 58 ( 18.7) 35 ( 18.9)
23 C 18.4)
'" 90-34 96 , 7.2) 50 , 8.0) 46 , 6.4) 49 ( 15.8) " ( 16.8) 18 (
14.4)'" 85 - 99 79 , 5.9) 37' 5.S) 42' 5.9) sa ( 12.:3> 21 (
11.4) 17 ( 13.6)40 - 44 55' 4.1) 29' 4.7) 26 , 3.6) 30 , 9.7) 19 (
10.3) 11 , 8.8)45 - 49 49 , 3.7> 22 , 3.5) 27 , 3.8) 24' 7.7>
14 , 1.6) 10 , 8.0)50 - 54 41 , 3.1) 21 , S.4) 20' 2.8) 28 , 9.0)
17' 9.2) 11 , 8.8)5S - 59 si , 2.9) 14 , 2.3) 17 , 2.4) 16 , 5.2) 8
, 4.3) 8 , 6.4)60 - 64 t7 , 1.3) 10 , 1.6) 7 , 1.0) 5 , 1.6) 2 ,
1.1> 3 , 2.4)65 - 69 7 , 0.5) 1 , 0.2) 6 , 0.8) 5 , 1.6) I ,
0.5) 4 , 3.2)70 - 74 2 , 0.1> - , - ) 2 , o.s: 1 , 0.3) - , - )
1 , 0.8)75 - 7S 2 , 0.1) 1 , 0.2) 1 , c.r: 2 , 0.6) 1 , 0.5) 1 ,
0.8)80 - 84 2 , 0.1> 1 , 0.2) I , o.i» - , - ) - , - ) - , -
)85+ 3 , 0.2) I , 0.2) 2 , O.:3) - , - ) - , - ) - , - )
roTAl 1.337
-
TABLEl-3 POPULATION BY AGE & SEX
COMMUNITY: WORAWAN
ALL POPULAr I ON 1I0USEIlOLD II E A 0
AGE roTAL ( , ) MALE ( , ) FE>lALE ( , ) roTAL ( , ) MALE ( ,
) FE>IALE ( , )o - 4 65 ( 8.2> 37 ( 9.2) 28( 7.2) - ( - ) - (
- ) - ( - )5 - 9 51 ( 7.7) 35 ( 8.7> 26 ( 6.7) 1 ( 0.7) 1 ( 1.1)
- ( - )
10 - 14 ~04 ( 13.1) 52 < 13.0) 52 ( 13.3) - ( - ) - ( - ) - (
- )15 - 19 116 ( 14.7) 60 ( 15.0) 56 ( 14.4) 1 ( ·0.7) - ( - ) 1 (
2.4)20 - 24 96 ( 12.1) 52 ( 13.0> 44 ( 11.3) - ( - ) - ( - ) - (
- )25 - 29 72( 9.1> 32 ( 8.0) 40 ( 10.:1> 7 ( 5.2) 5 ( 5.4) 2
( 4.8)
90 - 34- 50 ( 6.3) 32( 8.0) 18 ( 4.6) 12 ( 9.0) 11 ( 12.0) 1 (
2.4)
35 - 99 49( 6.2) 21 ( 5.2) 28( 7.2) 20 ( 14.9) 19 ( 14.1> 7 (
16.7>
N 40 - 44 39 ( 4.9) 18 ( 4.5) 21 ( 5.4) 16 ( 11.9) 12 ( 13.0>
4 ( 9.5)--J
45 - 49 41 ( 5.2) 19 ( 4.7) 22( 5.6) 20 ( 14.9) 16 ( 17.4) 4 (
9.5)
50 - 54 38( 4.8> 15 ( 9.7) 28( 5.9) 21 ( 15.7) 12 ( 13.0) 9 (
21.4)
55 - 59 19 ( 2.4) 11 ( 2.7) 8 ( 2.1) 13 ( 9.7) 8 ( 8.1> 5 (
U.S)
60 - 64- 14 ( 1.8) 6 ( 1.5) 8 ( 2.1) 9 ( 6.7) 5 ( 5.4) 4 (
9.5)
65 - 69 10 ( 1.9) 3 ( 0.1> 7 ( 1.8) 4 ( 3.0) 3 ( 9.3) 1 (
2.4)
10 - 74 7 ( 0.9) 5 ( 1.2) 2 ( 0.5) 5 ( 3.7) 4 ( 4.3) 1 (
2.4>
15 - 79 4 ( 0.5) 1 ( 0.2) 3 ( 0.8) 3 ( 2.2) 1 ( 1.1 ) 2 (
4.8>
80-84 5 ( 0.6) 2 ( 0.5) 3 ( 0.8) 2 ( 1.5) 1 ( 1.U 1 (
2.4>
85· 1 ( 0.1) - ( - ) 1 ( 0.:1> - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )roTAL
791 (100.0) 401 (100.0 ) 390 (100.0) 134 (100.0) 92 (100.0) 42
000.0)
-
TABLE2 SEX-AGE STRUCTURE INDEXES
COMMUNITY
TOTAL GUNNATTEE MORAWAN
1 SEX RATIO 92.5 86.9 102.8
2 PERCENT OF CHILD POPULATION 32.3 34.2 29. 1
3 PERCENT OF WORKING POPULATION 65.7 64.6 67.5
4 PERCENT OF AGED POPULATION 2.0 1.2 3.4tvcc
5 DEPENDENCY RATIO 19.9 21.5 17.2
6 CHILD DEPEl\TDENCY RATIO 49.1 52.8 43.1
7 OLD DEPENDENCY RATIO 3. 1 1.8 5. 1
8 CHILD-AGED RATIO 18.3 9.4 41.5
9 CHILD-WOMAN RATIO 37. 1 42.1 28.4
10 MEAN AGE 24.1 22.9 26.1
11 MEAN AGE OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD 39.8 36.6 47.2
-
TABLE3-1 MARITAL STATUS OF HOUSEHOLO HEAD BY SEX & AGE
(X)MMINITY ; TOTAL
TOT II I. S I NCLE M II II n I E II DIVORCED SErAltATEll
WIDOWI.;!)
Act-; l1l.I£ (,,) ~lJ,W£ ( '1) WAIF- ('I:) Fl-)W£ ( :E) WJ£ ('1)
l-loWJ.E ( 1:) 1oWF. (,,) l'1'WJ1": ( ,,) WJ£ (,,) l"E)W£ ( 1:)
llAlF. (1:) Fi'},W.E ( :I )
'"'"
o - 1~
IS - 19
20 - 24
ZS - 2!l
00-"3S - :1:1
40 - 44
45 - 411
so-"55 - 59
60-6<
6S - 69
ro - 74
7S - 7$
80-6<
os·
l (100.0>
4 (100.0)
~ 000.0)
40
'"
IS 000.0>
ZS 000.0>
19 (100.0>
U. (100.0>
15 000.0>
101 000.0)
:0 000.0>
13 000.0)
( 100.0)
( 100.0>
( 100.0>
(100.0)
(100.0)
- ( -)
- ( -):I < 75.0)
4 ( 12.5)
2: ( S.O)
- ,I ( 2.9)
6.S)
- ( -). _ 1 .
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
- ,- ( -)
- ,l (25.0>
2: ( 13.:1>
- ( -)- ( -)2: ( 8.31
L ( 6.7)
- ( - 1
- ,- ( -)
- ,- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
I (100.0)
l ( 25.01
211 ( 51.5>
37 (n.5)
41 (97.6)
:12 ( ~4.l>
26 (6:l.~)
21 ( 30.0)
27 ( 33.1)
16 (100.0)
( 11.·0
( 75.0)
c 75.0)
( 100.0)
- ,- ( -)
- ( -)
:I ( 75.0)
( 40.0)
14 (56.0)
10 (52.G)
16 (G6. 7)
7 (46.7)
4 ( 26.6)
5 ( 25.0)
6 (46.2)
( 14.:1)
( 20.0)
- ( -)- ( ~)- ( -)
- ,
- ( -)
- { - l
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)I ( %.9)
- ( -)a ( 6.1)
1 ( ;"·0
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
- ( -)- ( -)
( 1:1.:1)
z ( 8.0)
( %6.3)
I ( 4.%)
- ( -):I (21.4)
.( (20.0)
- ,- )
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
- )- )
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)1 ( %.5>
1 ( z..()
~ ( -)
% ( 6.5)
I ( :1.:1)
I" ( :I•.()
-,- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
-,- ,
- ( -)- ( -)
( 1:1.:1)
'fT ( %0.0)
I ( 5.:1)
1 ( .(.V
2 ( 1:1.9)
a ( 1.(.:1)
( 10.0)
- ( -)- ( -)I (20.0)
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
- { - l
- ,- ( -)
- ( -)
- ( -)- ( -)I ( :I.V
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)% ( Z8.(l)
I < 25.0)
I (25.0)
- ( -)I (HX).O)
- ,
- ( -)
- ( -)
:I ( %0.0)
.( { ](l.O)
( 15.8)
4 ( IG.7)
( :1:1.:1)
( :IS.7)
( 45.0)
( 53.")
c as.7)
( 60.0)
(lOO.O)
3 000.0)
I 000.0)
- ( -.)
6 ( z.%). 55 (3203)16 ( 9.1D6 ( Z.%)11 ( 10.:1:>, <
c'·c'c'_-"'-'-'-=.:-_-:..-:..--=-=-_--=-"--'--=-'-_"-.:-=.:--=-_=--:.=-=_6
(:1.6) U3 (89.:1)12 ( 4.3)m (100.0) un 000.0>"'l.
-
TABLE3 -2CCNMINITY : C{NWlllU:
MARITAL STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX & AGE
TOT II 1. SIN C I. F. Mil 1\ II I F. n O:'>'ORCEP
SEJ'AllATEll WlllOW!':I)
ACE IoW.E (:I I 1'ElW.l': ( 1:) WJJ-: (:I:) I'''WJ£ ( '1:)
1lAlF. (,,) 1'1
-
TABLE3 - 3COMMIlN 111' MQl\AWi\N
MARITAL STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX & AGE
TOT A l. SIN G I. E l.l" n u I E n I) I VOIlCElO SEI'AIIATEO
WII)()WI':ll
AC!': WJJo: ('I:) l'l)W.t: ( l:) w.u: (:l:) !'&WE ( lC)
IlAlJ.; (l:) I'F)WF. ( :c) 1lAlF. (:z) FI·lW£ ( 1: I IW£ (S)
flo)wF. ( lI:) 1lAl£ (:E) ('l-)W£ ( :I: )
w....
o - 14
I:> - I'
20 - Z4
25 - z,"'-Mss -:13
40 - 44
45 - "
so-"55 - $9
60 - 64
55 --6'
10 - 74
75 - 7:1
60-",,-rorc,
1 (IOO.OJ
- ( -)
- ( -)000.0)
II (l00.0)
1:1 (100.0J
\2 (100.0)
16 (100.0)
12 000.0>
(100.0)
(\00.0)
( 100.0>
.( (lOa.O)
:I 000.0)
(100.0)
'4 (100.0)
000.0)
( 100.0)
2;
a (28.6)
1 (25.0)
- >
- ( -)- ( -)
- >
- ( -)... ( -)
- ( -)- >
- ( -)
s ( 7.1)
I 000.01
- ( -)- ( -).( (80.01
11 000.0)
13 ClOO.O)
10 (83.3)
16 ClOO.O)
11 ( 91.7)
000.0)
4 (80.0)
(IOO.O)
( 75.0)
(100.0)
- ( -)- ( -)
8S (92.4)
- ( -)1 OOO.Il)
- ( -)
1 (SO.Il)
1 (100.1l)
3 (42.:1)
( SO.Il)
( SIl.O)
1 ( u. I)
1 (20.0)
- ( -)- ( -)
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
12 (28.6)
- ( - l
- ( -)
- ( - l
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
- >
8.3)
- ( -)- >
- ( -)- ( -)
- >
- ( -)- ( -)
I ( 1.1)
- ( -)- ( -)
- >
- >
- ( :-)- >
- >
- >
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
- >
- ( -)
- ( -)
- ( -)- ( -)
- >
I (20.0)
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- (
-)- ( -)I ( 1.1)
- ( -)- ( -)- ( ~ - )I (SO.O)
- ( -)- >
- >
- ( -)( %2.2)
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)3 ( 7.1)
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)I ( 8.3)
- ( -)- ( -)- ( -)
( 20.0)
- >
( 25.0)
- ( -)
-
TABLE4 EDUCATIONAL LEVELro.NlNllY : TOTAL
II 0 USE II 0 I. I) IIEAD NJ. 01' lk)IJSHk)lD lJfJ.GIBl'1(",em 6
A.'ll own)
rm-TOTAl. , I t.lIClIA/iTS ( , I t.lIGlVoNTS , I WoI1: , I
1'f}.WF. ( , I
--------~
see " 9.5> 31 10, I) II 6.2) 52 8.4) 117 15.1 )I'IWWIY I 20
6.(;) 15 4.9l I' 10.4 ) 105 lG.S) 115 14. :nI'lHt.lMY 2 217 62.7)
205 66.6) 72 53.1) 202 se.si 2" 38.5)SEONlAIlV 82 18.6) " 15.9) "
24.6) 200 37.9) 219 28.3)lIIell scoa. 2.0) 5 1.6) 3.0) ea 3.5 ) 21
2.7)lNl vmsITY 0.7) a 1.0) - I 0.6) 0.5)
T1lTAL H2 119 33.2) 180 se.ar
SE
-
TABLE4 EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
ro.l\lINllY : "~)I\hW!lN Continued
IlOUSEIlOI. I> II E hI> m. 01' IkXlSHklID
1./fJolI»lIS("'Gm 6 N~ O\'F]U
t&-TOT...1. ( , I t.lIGl\mTS ( , I WIGHAN1S , I IJAU'; , I
Il:J,I}.lE ( , I
m-F. 11 12.8) 13 16..:1> 1.5) 23 6.7) " 15.4 )PRIWJIY 5,,3)
3.8) 1.5) " 11.0) " 15,4 )IIflIWJW 2 60 60.2) 49 61.3) 31 58.5) es
31.4> "' 31.9)SEo:NWW " ( 16.0) ta 15.0) ta 22.6) In< 3~.4 )
86 27.7)nun scccc 3,0) 2.5) 3.8) 3.4> • 2.6)WIVmSllY 0.6) 1.3) -
I - I 1.0)
TOTAL '"
-
TABLE6-1 POPULATION OF 10 YEARS OLD & OVER BY LABOR FORCE
STATUS
COM.\lIJNITY : TOTAL
A , LAllon FOUCI( B) NOT IN LABOR FORCE TOTAl. LABOR
FORCEOOV.IT'lIlV. (Mill P,o.RTlCIPATlON,AT<
A-TOTAl. ...""""" """",,D ~}4I'DYE"; IOlIKBlS W!-liOIANT
n-rorer. HOUS£KEEI'ING Sll.OIN1' onee0+L+2:+3 00 0 '" 1+2+'
-
TABLE6 - 2
OJMMLN ITV G{ffiAl1H~
POPULATION OF 10 YEARS OLD & OVER BY LABOR FORCE STATUS
, ) l. A non FOIICE B) NOT IN LABOR FORCE TOTAl. LAOOl1:
PORCECOV./'mIV. (,\_u) ~.J!CIPATlON
A-TOTAl. """'''"" fJ4'l.o'l1':D ~)(l'lDm: WOllKfollS Ill'lICIANT
B-TOTAL HOtlSt':KEf:P1N(; SlUJI':NT ornaisO+I':.~_ '" ( 85.:n I.::
( 41.6> ., 0,9) lot6 (42.8) '" us rs sea ".,w
vi m,,,,- 151 (100.0) lD4 ~ 13.6) GU (86.:0 .. It ( Sol.n '"
3.1> 213 (28.4) ". '" '« t 1.0\3 73.7"""""""'I>'"" \84
'(lOO.O) s < '7' 173 ( 97.3) 127 (63.0) u < 6.0l 41 (2z,,3) I
, '" 99.50ffiW£ 103 (100.0) , , 3.9) 99 (96. \) 45 ( 43.7> I ,
1.0> 53 (51.S> ea aa '" ".,,orAl. 287
-
ij2f~·
~i
•0
~~~,; ,
:i:i
~<
_..~;il
~§
;;•a
I'!~
'""'
~.
••
:::JU
s"
l-o
0:"'
I-"
i-s
"'"
o-
w!:1
~!
Io
~
a:
"5.1
,0
"Iu
,l-i
I"
e"
oa:
z
~~I0
;;;co0:
t:s
N0
•.J
..>-co
~;;~
00
~a:
•..
•Ii
w>
;~:I0
••
;"
o
-
TABLE7 MONTHLY INCOME OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD INCOME
BY OCCUPATIONAL STATUSCOIIMUNITY : TOTAL
MONTHLY GOV.jPRIV.
INCOME (BAIITS) TOTAL l!\'E),lPLOYED EMPLOYEE WOIlKEllS
MEllClIANT.._--~--~-------
0 20 20
I - 999 22 II 10
1,000 - 1.500 130 80 3 47
1,501 - 2,000 91 65 3 23
2.001 - 3.000 104 15 6 23
3,001 - 5,000 23 14 4 5
5,000 OVER 8 5 2
NO ANSWEll
TOTAL 398 20 250 18 110
MEAN 1.963 2,109 2,605 1.882------.~-----_._-_._--_._-- --
COMMUNITY : GUNNATTEE
MONTHLY GOV./PRIV.INCOME (BAHTS) TOTAL l!\'E),lPLOYED EMPLOYEE
WOIlKEllS MEllClwrr
----------
0 9 9
I - 999 11 1 9
1,000 - 1.500 104 62 2 40
1.501 - 2.000 60 39 3 18
2.001 - 3.000 11 52 2 23
3,001-5,000 14 6 3 5
5,000 OVER 6 5
NO ANSWEll
TOTAL 281 9 111 12 95
MEAN 1,946 2.010 2,515 1.828
- 37 -
-
TABLE7 MONTHLY INCOME OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD INCOMEBY OCCUPATIONAL
STATUS
CO\IMLNITY : MmAWAN Continued
MONTHLY GOV./PRIV.INCOME (BAHTS) TOTAL L!'IEJ,IPLOYEll EMPLOYEE
WOllKEI1S MEI101!1NT
0 II II
I - 999 5 4
1.000 - 1,500 26 18 7
1,501 - 2.000 31 26 5
2.001 - 3,000 27 23 4
3,001 - 5.000 9 8
5.000 O\Ul 2 2
I\\l ANSWEI1
TOTAL III II 79 6 15
MEAN 2.005 2,192 2.666 2.226
- 38 -
-
~=
~~,;
s!i~
~
~
~,
~s
a<
na:
~
wCDsW=
~::;
~
Q..J0
illJ:
~
Ww
,<
n:>
~
0J:
U.
~~
~I0
~
WNu;>-~
••
~g
CD.;
Q..J0J:•
~w
~
<n
:>"
0J:a:~
wN
0-
"W::;0o
N~
Z,;
>-..JJ:~
l-•
=~
~~
~is
z.
0~
~
::;~s .2
"g
gg
00
0~-
g"
ur~i[
""
,;~
~<
a
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,,
,,
,~
<
CD
~g
iig
gg
0•
«0
~
,I-
2ri
~
-4
0-
-
TABLE9-1 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING &
NON-SMOKING, AGE AND SEX, BOTH SEXES
ro-IMIMW : TOTAl.
S " 0 K, N G N 0 N - S " 0 K , N G
"""
5 - , '" as, ,
""10 - 14 '" " , , , '"IS - 15 ae a eo '" 25 5 a a '"20 - 24 tc
, a , OS '" ra a , a , s '0125-" es a z , rs ", " , , r '"
A 30-3< " n, - a es sa • a , a es
~
$ - 59 3< r a a " 60 a a , , a , sa40 - 44 ac e a , 1 as as e
, a a a 55
-
TABLE9-2 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING &
NON-5MOKING, AGE AND SEX, MALE
COMMINITY : TOTAL
S " 0 K 1 N G N 0 N::.---.S--M- 0 K --l---N G
ccsmo- CAS'llO-ACE eo IIFSI'lllAT- 1tm-:ST1NA1. NrnVOUS. SKIN
FATIGUe 011U"l1S TOTAl. eo nF:SPlRAT- INTESTINAl. N!']\VOlli. Sl(IN
I"ATlCUE OTIIEl\S rotc.
lUM'..";S OIlY 11\ACT n
-
TABLE9-3 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING &
NON-SMOKING. AGE AND SEX. FEMALE
roMMlJN 111' : TOTAL
S " 0 K I N G N 0 N - S " 0 K-T- N G
cssrno- ccsmo-ACE eo lIESI'IHAT- INTESTlN.\1. NBI'IllUS. SKIN
FATIGUE 01lll-US roTM. ro ueseuwr- 1Nll-:STlNAl. NEJtvOtlS. SKIN
Jl'ATIGW onnns lOr/ll.
ll..l.NI':S.'i alYlllACT nvcr ANXIF.TY DISEASE BliCK "AIN
IU.NI-:SS OIty nlACT nucr IMIF.rt' IllS£A$f. llACK l'AIN
o - , ss 35 I I - 2 '"5-3 87 lZ I , '"
JO - 14 - '" 15 , a I '"IS - 19 , , '26 15 5 - 2 a '"20 - 24 a ,
, 120 " 2 • 2 , 2 '
-
~" ,"
~"n
~~
~,
~~
~N
~n
N
<n
"Q
~N
~Q
•n
nQ
,W
m•
XIi
w...,
~
Z~§
Q
0
U.
~~~
00:~
,,~~W
N~
co~~.
:2~
~
::>z1-0••
Qs
Ng
W;=~
J:e,~"
...._
0
....~
~~
"~
~~
~~
""
2~
.;;
=w?:
...J~
co§,
~~
~~
~~
n~
8l~
~~
~~
.·
~..:
",
,,
,,
,,
,,
Q
....<
0~
~~
~~
gII
0~
~~
s:z
Rl"
~:z
.•
44
-
TABLE9 -5 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING &
NON-SMOKING, AGE AND SEX, MALE
lIlAT- INTESTINAl.. M'l'IVOUS, ""N FATIeUE 011U:IlS
TOTALlU.NES." em l1lACT 11l11CT ANXI~:TY DlSEA$£ MQ( l'A1N
llJ.N!':SS ow l1Vr.CT n~CT ANXIETY DISF..ASJo: neoc l'''IN--~
o - • " 16 , ".5 -. 51 15 5 71
\0 - 14 55 • a a 67\S - 19 aa a " se e - "20 - 24 37 6 , , 2 a
so .. a a as2S - 29 ae , , - a , " " 7 - , sa00-" 26 8 a , - 2 ss 8
s - - - IIos- .. " • -
, as 8 • , - , "...'" 40 - 44 15 a a - -
, , ar e s , , - 845 - 4$ a a - - - a a 17 a aSO-SA 8 a , e " e
1 I , a 855 - 59 5 , , - - - z s • I - - - 560-" 7 - - - , - 8 a -
- - - - a65 - 69
70 - 74
15 - 79
SO-8A
as.
rota, 188 " 6 • 2 6 17 ZSO 275 T1 e • a 17 '"
-
TABLES-6 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING &
NON-SMOKING. AGE AND SEX. FEMALE
COMMUNITY GUNNArll·]~
S " 0 K I N C N 0 N S "-6 K I N G
Gl>S11lO- Gi\S111O-ACE eo nESI'lllAT- 1Nll-:STlNAl.
N''''',,"S. SKIN l'''TlCUll: 01111-)($ TOTAl. '" l\ESPIIIAT-
INTESTlW.I. NI:l\VOUS. SK'N FATIGUE crnae rotc.ILJ.NESS OIlY l1lACT
nucr N«IF.:TY DISEASE Il/lQ( l'AIN 11l.Nf.SS OOY lllACT uecr
ANXIETY O!SEAst: nsoc PAIN---------~---_.~ .~ ..._------ ------ -
--- ~--_.__.._----_ .. -_._.-o • , ta 3Q , , a 106.,- , sa 10 , ,
77
10 - 14 sa " s 2 "15 - 19 , I 76 iz , e a es20 - 24 e I 3 77 10
a • a I a sa... 2S - 29 s 5 .. 3 I a . 5 61
'" 3Q'34 , 2 . I 6 31 3 a 3 - . I 4035 - 39 a a I a - I , 20 • I
3 I I • 3440 - 44 • - I I . - - 6 , 5 I a 3 2045 - 49 3 I I 5 ta a
I I . , 3 aaSO - 54 1 - - - - 1 I e 10 I - a • 1755 - 59 a I 1 - -
• , I I I I I 1360-64 1 - - - - - . I I I a . a - s65 - 69 I - - -
- - . I 3 I - - I 570 - 74 - - - - . . - a15 - 79
60'64
85+ - - - - - - - a - - - - zrorc, as 6 e a a I 5 43 '85 10' 16
13 5 15 3Q era
-
TABLE9 -7 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING &
NON-SMOKING, AGE AND SEX, BOTH SEXES
COMMINITY MOII/lWi\N
S " 0 K I N G N 0 N - S " 0 K I N G'CASTl\O- cssmo-
ACE eo IIES1'lltAT- lNll'.ST1NAl. NSIVOUS. SKIN I'A11GUE OTIlHIS
TOTAl. ro IW'sPIIIIIT- 1NTl-:STlNr'.l. renvous. SKIN FATIGUE
01111-]1$ roTAI.llJ.N!':SS OIY uvcr nacr """lEn D1Sf.AS!': UAO<
l'A1N 11l.Nf.SS alY nucr l1tACT ANX1F.TY OISF.ASE llllO< r....
lN
o - , 52 " 2 655 - , 57 , 61
10 - 14 10' I I III<
15 - 19 IS IS 84 4 a I 101
20 - 24 " I sa 63 I 642S - 29 ee I " 40 I 2 I - I 4S...
I-.J 00-84 16
I 18 ea 2 - I sa35 - 33 14 I - - IS sa I I - - 8440 - 44 " 1 - -
12 " - - - at45 - 43 14 - a - a " 14 e - a - I a 2250 - 54 14 - - -
a 16 14 a - - a 4 2255 - 53 6 - - I - 1 10 - I - I "60 - 64 3 1 - -
- 4 4 a 1 - - e 1065 - 63 1 1 - - - - - , 5 1 - - - - z ,70 - 74 a
1 - - - a 475 - 73
80-84 - - - - - - 585+
roTAL 153 e 3 1 - - 5 110 S58 " 6 6 - a 11 621
-
TABLES-S THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE BY SMOKING &
NON-SMOKING, AGE AND SEX, FEMALE
OOMMINITY MOHAWAN
S " 0 K I N C N 0 N - S " 0 K I N GCASllU)- ccsno-
ACE eo uesr-uwr- INTESTlNr\I. NEII>01JS, SK'N l'/lTiOUE
OnU,JlS TOTAl. ro /tESrIlV,T- 1NTl':STI!'W. NIo11VOllS. SKIN
f"ATlGUE mums mT1I1.IlJoNESS OIlY lIlAC!' nucr """,,m DlS~;ASF.
llACK 1'"IN IU.NESS OOY uucr nvcr ANXU:TY OlSEhSE HAO< PAIN
o - • as 5 26
5-' " 2 26\0 - 14 SO , I 52IS - 19 SO , 2 I 5620 - 24 - " I ..2S
- 2(1 a 2 3< a I - I ae"'-3< - - 16 I - - I 18...
'" 3S - 39 1 - - I as - - I - 2740 - 44 I - - I 20 - - - - - -
2045 - 49 I - - - - I e rs a - a I a 20SO - 54 a - - - - a " a - -
I • 21SS - 59 - - - - - - - 1 - - I - - 860 - 64 - - - - - - - e a
- I - - a 865 - 69 - - - - - - - 510 - 74 - - - - - - a - - - - 275
- 79
80-8< - - - a - - - - a85+
roTAL 1 - - - - I • '" " •, - a " ,.,
-
TABLE10-1 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEAE IN THE PAST 2 WEEKS
BY TYPE OF DIAGNOSIS
COMMUNITY: TOTAL
IU..NESS TOTAL SELF - PARENTS/ mAO1TIQ"IW. 00CT0ll ""ToIAGr'.QS
1$ naxrIVF.S llEALER APPLICABLE----_.._------~ - '---
RESPIRhTonY lRACf 2'5 101 33 - 111'"0
GASmO - INTESTINAL mAcr 33$ " - 19NERVOUS. ANXIETY 36 21 1 -
"SKIN DISEASE 9 2 1 - 6FATIGUE. BAa< PAIN 27 19 - - 8
,l$ 91 22 6 - 69N::l lUNESS 1.684 - - - - 1.684TOTAL 2.128 179
44 - 221 1.664----- ---
-
TABLE10- 2 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEAE IN'THE PAST 2 WEEKS
BY TYPE OF DIAGNOSIS
COMMUN ITY : GUNNATIEE
1u.NESS TOTAL SEtF - PARENTS/ lRADlTIONAL 00CT0Il rorDIACN)SIS
RElATIVES IIEAI..ER APPlICADlE
RESPIMTOOY TRACT 204 90 28 - 86GASmo - INIESTINAL TRAer 27 12 I
- 14
enNERVOUS. ANXlEIY 29 20 1 - 8
....I $KIN DISEASE 9 2 1 - 6
FATIGUE. BAa< PAIN 24 19 - - 5OlliERS 69 19 6 - 44
915 - - - - 915
TOTAL 1.337 162 31 - 163 915
-
TABLE10- 3 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEAE IN'THE PAST 2
WEEKS' BY TYPE OF DIAGNOSIS
COMMLNITY : MORAWAN
1!l.NESS TOTAL SELF - PARENTS/ 1TW)lTlaiAL OOCTOI\ "'TDIASI$
RElATIVES llEiILER APPLIC\DLE
RESPIRATORY lRACT 41 II 5 - 25enN
GASlnO - INTESTINAL lRAcr • 2 2 - 5NERVOUS. ANXIETY 7 I - -
6SKIN DISEASE
FATIGUE. BAO< PAIN 3 - - - 3OTHERS 22 3 - - I'"'1!l.NESS 709
- - - - 709
TOTAL 791 17 7 - 58 70.'---------- --------
-
TABLE11 THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE IN THE PAST 2 WEEKS
BYMETHOD' OF SELF-TREATMENT
(').)W.lINrlY lOTAI.
IlJM-:'C;S l'OTAl.
n£S\'lllhTmy uwcr '"CASmo - IN1F.STtNAl. lltACT as
t-rnvous, OOtEn' se
SKIN DISEASE e
FATICI£. !lAO( rAIN 27
omrns '0m IllMSS \,684
TOTAL 2.126
m SFlF-11lF.AlloltNf
8
e
a
33
'04
CIVf. SFlF -lIWA1J.!l.}(f
145
17
22
17
33
236
USEllWJITIOOI.
IIEAlmeor
Al'I'I,ICJJll£
"5
23
1,683
1.167
CalMtNITY GIN'lArJEE
US>IUN':SS rorc. m I'm: - GIVF: SEll' - l1WHTI
-
5
,
mTM'I'I,ICAlIU:
2
18
GIVE SOl' -ll\EATlll'NT
11
r.n st]J· -lIWAllU-:NT
----
3
'0
TOT...I.IIJNl;:SS
CAS1110 - ImEST\NM. llV.CT
ru:SI'Il\A1OOY U\hCT
TABLEll THE NUMBER OF INJURY & DISEASE IN THE PAST 2 WEEKS
BYMETHOD!' OF SELF-TREATMENTI
aJ,l.\lINllY : MatAWAN Continued
IlSEl11AD1TlCWJ.
usnm
Nfl\yOUS. N«IETY 2
Sl
-
TABLE12 MEDICAL TREATMENT RECIPIENTS BY INJURY & DISEASE
CQMMlr..ul'Y : TOTAL
AllSF-NT
SEE OOCTOlt F II 0 III .0 n K flCTUAL o A Y S UNDEn uo sr t r e
i. i z x r r o e
IU1'4iSS roTA!. '" YES TOTAl. '" YES roTAI. 0, , • 3 , • 7 8 -
14 IS - 26 29 - GO 60 OVI1I
.. -RESPlllA'WIY l1\ACT '" ,,. '" ,n '" " '" TO' , a a 3CASnlO -
INTESTiNAl. nacr se " ao se aa " ss es
, , aen NERVOUS. fo.NXlETY ee ao " se ao e se aeen
SKIN DISEASE , a 7 a 8 , aFATlCUE. MOC PAIN ee 18 8 T7 ie , T7
aeOTIlEnS " as es " 57 34 " 81
, , e a a""UNESS 1.682 1.682 1.682 1.682 ,.sea i.eea
roTAI. 2.127 1.902,,. 2.128 2.021 107 2.126 2.OS3 5 5 7 5 z s
a
-
TABLE12 MEDICAL TREATMENT RECIPIENTS BY INJURY &
DISEASE(",QfI.\MINITY : Gtffill1TI:E
AllSI::NTSEE OOCTOR F II 0 N .011 K " C T U II l. DAY S UNO f.
II HOSPITALIZATION
IlJ.Nl':XS TOTAl. ", TI» TOTAl. ro YES TOTAl. 0 I ,- , • - 7 6 -
14 15 - Z8 2~ - GO GO own.-.----------- -------- -_._-. ----- _..-
._------
IIESI>IHATaIY nucr 200 118 88 "0 170 ae 200 108 2 2 2en
GASnlO - INTESTINr\l. lRACT 27 13 " 27 is 8 27 ea'" NEIt~. ANXIETY
aa 18 11 as as • es es
SKINOlSfASE , 2 7 s 8 I , eFATICUE. BAa< PAIN za 18 5 " 10 8
" ascnens ss aa " es " 20 es sa",IU>ESS 975 975 975 975 - 975
'75
11>T"- 1.338 1. 161 171 I.'" 1.250 88 I.'" r. SZO I 5 5 3
2
-
TABLE12 MEDICAL TREATMENT RECIPIENTS BY INJURY &
DISEASECOMMlNITY : MOIl1\WAN
Continuodan s e N T
SEE DaCTon F II 0 lot .011 K " C T U A I. o A Y S UNDER
HOSPITAl.IZATION
IIl.NESS TOTAL >0 YES TOTAl. >0 YES TOTAl. a , 2 -, , - 7
8 - 14 15 - 26 2:1 - GO GO 0Vl::l1- -- --------~---,._-------
ItfSl'lllAIOltY necr " te as " " 7 et aeCASmo- INTESTINAL TlthCf
, a 6 , , 6 , 6NStVOUS. N«IETY 7 2 5 7 5 2 7
'" SKIN DISEASE"FATICUE. 6/10< PAIN , s , 20""" 22 5 17 22 "
8 22 18>O'IJ.NESS 707 707 - 707 707 707 707
TOTAL 78' 7" " 78' 765 24 78' tta 4 - 2 2 - 2-----_.
-
TABLE13-1 MARRIED PERSONS BY SEX AND AGE, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE
METHOD
COMMINITY : TOTAL
C E " A I. ETYPE OJl' CONTRACEPTlUE METHOD TOT" r. II A L F.'"
'" TOTAr, '" 0- 14 15 - 24 2S-24 35 - 4" 45 t. 0Vl-)1
~T CUllUoNTl.Y IJ. 117 ( 14.J> 112 ( 13.5) , 48 es 27ctCO
CUWNTLY USElXMRAa:PTlVE PIU.s " ( 11.7) - ,, ) 97 ( 11.7) 54 (
11.4) - 5 8 II 70TOTAL 827 (100.0) 414 (50.1> 413 (49.9) I 118
120 91 83
-
TABLE13- 2 MARRIED PERSONS BY SEX AND AGE, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE
METHOD
COMMUNITY C;IJNNArl1·:
F , " A r. ,TYPE or CONTRACEf'TIl,IE N m«)D TOT A l. M" 1. E'"
'" TOTAl. '" o - 14 IS - 2 , ( 0.4 ) 46( 8.7> 6 21 18ClRRENTLY
USE OTHER t.IE'J1-KX> - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )
StB-l'OTA1. 147 C 27.8) " ( 2.3> 135 ( 25.5) - so 52 "sor
APPLICABLE 228 ( 43.1) 174 ( 32.9) 54 ( 10.2) - , , 7 asTOTAL 529
(100.0) 265 (SO. I) 264 (49.9> I er 77 sa ea
-
TABLE13- 3 MARRIED PERSDNS BY SEX AND AGE, TYPE OF CONTRACEPTIVE
METHOD
COMMlJN ITY : MOHAWAN
I' E ", t. E
TYP£ OF CONTRACEP'MUE MEnion TOT /I r. N 1\ t. E
'" '" TOTAl. '" o - 14 15 - 24 25 - 34 3S - 44 45 t. OVI-]II'.QT
CUUIEN11.Y usc N\U !IIJT PIAN TO USE as ( 21.lil 36 ( 12.1) ,,(
:1.1 ) 7 ia to
I'«lT ClIUUM1.Y USE IlUT ['IAN TO USE " ( 3.4 ) 2 ( 0.7) .(
2.7>SW-TOTAL 75 ( 25.:n 38 ( 12.8) 37 ( 12••1) 11 14 12
'"0cumENTLY USE
-
TABLE14- 1 MARRIED PERSONS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, TYPE OF
CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD
COMMtNITY : TOTAl.
• , I. E F E • , I. e'rY"PE 01" CONTRACEPTlUE METHOD TOTAl. -
l'lUMAlIY st·:o:Nl,·.IIY 'TEItTIARY lOrAI. .... l'lUMAlIY S[o;aNWlY
TERTIARY~~._..
001 OJUU-NIl.Y USE Mt) !'(IT l'1.A'" TO ust; \00 6 ta ee 5 8Z ra
sa is
NOT ClItltr:NTLY USl-; llUT I'IAN TO US( 8 e 2 so a zo 7
SID-TOTAL 1\7 6 78 28 5 112 15 ta aa
a.nRENn..Y USE CCMl\ACEPTlVE ?IU.s - ee 10 '" 21CLRIIDffi.'f USE
o:t{11\ACEPTlVE lNJECTI(X\I - " a 17 5et.RJIDm.y USE ccoos a
'" ctRRENTLY USE uo - - - 7 I 5.....ctRRENTLY USE t.lAL£
SlE\ILlZATIQII 17 - 8ctRRENTLy USE FDW.E STERll.lZATll)Il a a - -
78 a '" 4ctRRENTLY USE 01liER ME'Il(X)
SW-TOTAl. 21 10 1\ - '08 ea 15\ so 5
I'm APPLICABLE '76 " '92 '",
" " '" 6TOTAL 414 " '60 103 13 414 61 287 ss
,
-
TABLE14- 2 MARRIED PERSONS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, TYPE OF
CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD
COMMllNl TY (aJNNA"I-j"I']':
" A I,, , ,
" A I,,
TYPE OF CONTRACEP1'1U£ MeTHOO TOT"I. """ l'lIIWtJIY SElXNlAJIY
TERTIARY TOTAl. ....: 1'1UIoIAlIY SEQN}A1IY TERTIARYMIT OIUIEN'll.Y
USE ANI) sot ['IAN TO USE 73 \ st \1 • sa 6 " 6 a!\OT CU\l\FNll.Y
USE mIT PIAN TO USE 6 5 I 2Z a IS.
SW-TOTAL ta \ 56 IS • 7S 8 54 Il 2'"N CUU\ENTt.Y USE T IVE PIus
ea • " 16
CUU\ENTt.y USE a:MTIACEPTlVE INJECTICI'l 20 \ "CUU\ENTt.y USE~
2
CUU\ENTt.y USE [LV - - 6 I 5a..wtENTt.Y USE WJ..E STEJlIL1ZATlON
8 3
ClMENTl..Y use fE).lALE STf.RILlZATlCl'l 2 2 - as •
asClffiEI','TLY USEOTIlER ME;TH(l[)
SL5-TOTAl.. 12 - 5 1 - \36 10 100 23 a
OOT APPL10lBLE 114 1 123 as 5 54 Il 38 5
TOTAL 265 8 \84 84 s 26S as \92 ss 5
-
TABLE14- 3 MARRIED PERSONS BY EDUCATIONAL LEVEL, TYPE OF
CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD
c;a.wtNllY : MOIV\Wt\N
• • L E F E • • L ETYPE OF CONTRAC£P11t/t METHOD rorn, """
1'lI'lW\'{ SE
-
TABLE15 SOCIAL INDEXES BY COMMUNITY
roTAL ( , ) GI1'l'MnEE ( , ) t.OOAWAN ( , )A) TYPEor lAmlNE
TOTAL .44 ( IOO.O) 309 ( 100.0) 135 3 1.0) - )
6. DEEP "''Ell 'AIm 18 4.1 ) - ( - ) I" 13.3)
C) 1YPE OF 'fArm Fro ro.!ESTlC USE
TOTAL 445 ( 100.0) 310 ( 100.0) 135 ( 100.0)
I. PIPED WATER 38' 86. I) 310 ( 100.0) 1S 54. I )
a, RAIN WArm 0.2) - ( - ) 0.7>3. DUG WEll. WATER " 1.8) - ( -
) e 5. S}•• CANAL WAffil 51 11.5) - ( 51 37.8>5. ((UI.!fJ\CIAL
sornz 'fATER - ( - ) - ( - ) - ( - )6. DEEP m..L \YATIR , ( 0.4 ) -
( - ) 1.5)
D) (:(N)IT100 IN)ffiNF.ATIl TIlE IklUSE
'T 0 TAL 442 ( lOO.O) SO, ( 100.0) 133 ( 100.0)
I. M' 12 16.3) 63 17.2) 19 101. :u,. \\'f.TlPOIl.UTID wAnn 310
83.7) 256 82.6> "' 85.1 )- .._,-,.'-~'--'
- 64 -
-
TABLE16 OWNERSHIP STATUS BY TYPE OF DURABLE GOODS
OlMMLNITY : TOTAL
TOTAL ( S ) NO ( S ) YFll ( S )-'-""'.-.._--~---
"-~-~."
BI\I T.V. 444
-
TABLE16 OWNERSHIP STATUS BY TYPE OF DURABLE GOODS1
CCl.\\\Ill'l1 TY : MOMWAN Continued
TOTAL ( ~ ) m ( ~ ) YES ( ~ )
Bli T.V. 135 (100.0) 69 ( 5101) 66 ( 46.9)
0Jl.0l\ T.V. 135
-
TABLE17-1 MIGRTION STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX AND AGE
~ITY TOTAl.
- ( -) - ( -)
TOT A l..
- ( - >
f'f.)l..\1£ (X)
-
TABLE17- 2 MIGRATION STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX AND AGE
OOMMINl1Y : GINNllnl~E
22 ( 68.tn
18 ( 85.7)
),lIC1IANTS
- ( -),
-
TABLE17- 3 MIGRATION STATUS OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY SEX AND AGE
COMMlN1TY MOHAWi\N
NON-IlICRANTS TOT 1\ I.
- ( - ( -)
- ), )
( 100.0)
1'l:lW£, )( 100.0)
NAI.t:
( 100.0)
( 100.0)
- ( -)
TOTAl. (t)
- (- ( -)- ( -)
FDIAlJ-; (,,)
- ( -)
- ( -)w.tE
- ( -)
F9WF. (%)
C100.0)
- ( -)- (
MAl£ (-X)
MICRANTS
S
,
II
45 - 49
3S - 39
40 - 44
30-34
25 - 29
'"'"5 ( 62.5) - ( -)
50 - 54
S5 - S9
I'
10
66.7)
76.5)
10 83.3) ( 44.4)
S 000.0) 3
33.3)
23.1 )
2 16. 7)
37.5)
5 5$.6) 21
-
TABLE18 THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY PLACE OF BIRTH, BY TYPE
OF INFORMATION BEFORE MIGRATION
TOT It, I. c UNATTt;t; II 0 It A .. " NPlACE
OF nturn TOT"L ( , > '" ( , > ~" ( , > TOTAl. ( , >
'" ( " ) YES ( , > TOm. ( , > ro ( , > YES ( , >IN
11llS SI.l.N ~ (100.0) - ( - > ( - > , ( 100.0) - ( - > (
- > 8 (100.0) - ( - > ( - >onll:J\ SU,I.I 37 ( 100.0) 13 (
35. I) 24 ( 6-I.:D 16 ClOO.O) 2 ( 12.5> 14 {81.S> er ( 100.0)
" ( 52••1) 10 (41.6)t
rcrc, 442 (lOO.O) 182 ( 41.2) 2" ( 56.8> :lO3 crco.or 113 (
38.5) 183 ( 61.2) 133 (100.0) 63 (
-
TABLE19 THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY TYPE OF MIGRATION
DIRECT MIGRATiON STE,. MIGRATION
PLACE OF BIRTH NORTH EASTTOTAL TOTAL IN TillS SLUM OTHER SLUM
NON-SLUM NOHTIl SOUTH C~;NTRAL
~;AST
26
e
1'\ THIS 5LI,:,,1 CO"'llo.W"'lTY 9 9 e
I)T"R SL.C:-"! rx B,.,,:>:CI\OK 37 37 as
,"U"·SLi.,:"t CO",l:-n.::-;ITY ee 86 571.'\ BA"CKOK
,\ORTH 37 37 ie
SOCTH
"QRTH EAST ss 53 re
CE"TRAL '" 186 92F.o.5T 30 30 20
TOTAL ,
-
TABLE21 THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY REASON FOR MOVING
llRASON POR MOVINO PROM PLACE 01' BIRTII
PLACE> 01' BIIITII FOLLOWED JODI ENVIRONMENTAL LIVETOTAl.
MARRIAGE PARENTSI ECONOMIC EVICTION OTHERS N.A.
FAMII.Y REASON REASON INDEPENDENTLY
IN TillS SLUM COMMUNITY • 8OTHER SLUM 31 8 "NON.SLUM ee 21 II es
23 3 2NORTH es 3 ..SOUTH s
NORVI EAST 55 10 31 2
CENTRAL 185 ea ea "' eEA81' ao 2 • 19TOTAL '" 55 85 m 5\ 12 ..
10 8".n 100.0 12.6 14.9 50.8 11.7 2.7 3.2 2.3 \.8
REASON POR MOVINO FROM PREVIOUS RE..'lIDF.NCE
FOI,I-OWED)JOIH ENVIRONMENTAL I,IVE1'OTAL MARRIAOE PARENTS!
ECONOMIC EVICTION OTIIBRS
FAMILY REASON REASON INDerENDENTI.Y
20 \ 12 2
53 .. 23 II19
e
45 21 10 2
\45 ea " " 8 s s" 10 2
311 sa 8 130 81 13 8 19100.0 16.7 2.' 41.8 2s.o ..2 2.' e.r
- 72 -
-
TABLE22 THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLD HEAD BY PLACE OF BIRTH AND
SEX
PLACE OF BIRTH TOTAL (%) MALE (%) FEMALE (%")
IN THIS SLUM 9( 2.0) 5( I. 8) 4( 2.4)
OTHER SLUM 37( 8. 4) 27( 9. 7) 10( 6. I)
NON-SLUlvt 88( 19.9) 55( 19.9) 33( 20.0)
NORTH 27( 6. I) 16( 5.8) 1I( 6. 7)
SOUTH 7( I. 6) 6( 2. 2) I( 0.6)
NORTH EAST 56( 12.7) 37( 13.4) 19( II. 5)
CENTHAL 188( 42.5) 1I0( 39.7) 78( 47.3)
EAST 30( 6 8) 21( 7.6) 9( 5.5)
TOTAL 442(100.0) 277(100. 0) 165(100.0)
- 73 -
-
CHAPTER 4
QUESTIONNAIRE
-
-.J
'"
9. Provioull pl"cOG of res kdence (hoad of household)
o sever movo (oorn hero)'bITo Total nU/l\b
-
Begin Card'
boad
5o 2. Do you have latrine ? o Yea (private latrine)
o 'lEIS (shared latrine)D No
o Wet/p;>lluted watero Dry
,q 3. "'hat kind of water do you use for drinldng ?1o 4. "'hat
kind of water do you use for dOll!utic. use ?•o 5. Condition
underneath the house,o 6. Place. of birth for.head of household
(l) In thb slum
-
Questionnaire for ]l,PDA ID .• No••••••••••••9AL ....
1. C(moral situation th""
Bangkok COmnunity l)evclopmont Projoct Minin:tl'"Y of Univcroity
lI.ff",irn
: , &NoMIO of Rospondcnt (Hcc,d of hoUlilChold)
••••••••••••••• ~.lI.da.rcss•••••••••••••
elrl 'r:JICl\'lb(lru in a hOusehold
...•.•..••..••....•...•.•.......•..••..••...personn
No ~mbm ~ital 0=- incomo/ levol 1llnos3 Who "'d Dayo Day,
""'0
-
Codebook
for
Community survey questionnaire (APDA)
Bangkok Community Development Project Ministry of University
Affair
Card if 1
Column
- 3
4
5 - 6
7
8
9 - 10
Code and Description
,Identification number
Name of Conmundty
1. Gunnattee conmunf tiy2. Morawan cOlTttnunity
Actual number of people living in the family.Column 7-72, the
coding will be assigned to oneperson at a time. When information
for the firstmember is finished then'information for the
second,third, •••••• person will follow. For example column7-28
will be information for the 1st member, col.29-50 for the 2nd, col.
51-72 for the 3rd for thefirst card. col. 7-28, 29-50, 51-72 in the
second cardwill be information for the 4th J 5th, 6th member
offerrd Iy , etc.
Member of the household (in relation to head ofhousehold)
1. Head of household2. Spouse of household head3. Daughter/Son4.
Parents5. In - law {son-Ln-Law , daughter-in-law)6. Other
relatives7 •. Other people not relat~,' to family, ie.friend
Sex
1. Male2. Female
Actual age (If less then 1 year put down i~l)
79 -
-
Column
11
12
13 - 15
16
17
18
2
Code and Description
Hari tal status·,.100 Single2. Married3. Divorce4. Separa ted5.
Widow/widower because spouse is dead
Occupation
O. Unemployed.t. Employee (do anything as, hired)2. Government
workers/private enterprise3. Merchant4. Housewife5. Students6.
Others
Income per month (Baht) Actual figure x 100 ie.If income 2,700,
the code = 027, No income = DOD,Income cannot be ~6timated like
given by relativeoccasionally = 999.
Level of education
O. No education (never attend school)1. Less than Grade 42.
Grade 43. More than grade 4 but lower than high school
graduate4. High school graduate or equivalent5. Associate degree
or equivalent6. Bachelor degree or higher
Illness in the past 2 weeks
O. No illness1. Respiratory tract2. Gastro - intestinal tract3.
Nervous, anxiety4. Skin disease5. Fatigue, back pain6. others Ltoo
thacbe ocencer , t.e tenue , ~ver
with unknown cause, Liver :',infection,::heartdisease, accident,
blood pressure, e~c.t
Who diagnose the illness ?
1. Self - diagnosis2. Parents/re~atives3. Traditional healer.4.
Doctor9. Not applicable (no illness)
- 80 -
-
Column
19
20 - 21
22 - 23
24
25 - 26
27 - 28
- 3 -
Code and Description
Did you go to see doctor 7
O. No1. Yes
Actual days absent from work
If more than 98 days put down 98If not applicable (no illness)
put down 99
Actual days under hospitalization,If more than 98 days put down
98.If not applicable (no illness) put down 99.
Method of self - treatment
O. No Self - treatment1. Give self - treatment (purchase the
drug,
to take on their own)2. Use traditional healer9. Not applicable
(no illness)
Note. Some people lJlaY:-: go to see doctor and alsogive self -
treatment. Therefore, column19 may be coded 1 (yes) and column 24
may be1 (give self - treatment)
Row many cigarretts do you sw.oke a day ?
Put down actual number•. Put down 00 if not smoke.
Method of birth control used
00 Not currently use and not plan to use01 Not currently use but
plan to use contraceptive
pills02 Not currently use but plan to use contraceptive
injection03 Not currerntly use but plan to use condom04 Not
currently use but plan to,use IUD05 ,Not currently use but plan to
use male
sterilization06 Not currently use but plan to use female
sterilization07. Not currently use but plan to use other
method11 CUrrently use contraceptive pills12 CUrrently use
contraceptive injection13 CUrrently use condom14 CUrrently use
IUD15 'Currently use male sterilization16 CUrrently use female
sterilization17 Currently use other method
- 81 -
-
4
Column Code and Description
99 Not applicable such as not between reproductiveage, not
married, divorce, separated, the spouseis already using birth
control method.
29 - 50
51 - 72
80
Repeat 7 - 28 fOr 2nd member of family
Repeat 7 - 28 for 3rd member of family
Card number
for first card.
End of first card
- 82 -
-
S
Card # 2
Column Code and Description
, - 3 Identification number4 Name of coummunity
(same as col. 1- 4 in card 1)
S _ 6 Blank
7 - 28 Same as card for 4th member
29 - SO Same as card for Sth member
S, -72 Same as card for 6th member
80 Card number2 for 2nd card
End of second card
Card # 3
- 3 Indentification number
4 Name of communityLsame as col. 1 - 4 in card 1)
S - 6 Blank
7 - 28 Same as card for 7th member
29 - SO Same as card for 8th member
S1 -72 Same as card for 9th member
80 Card number3 for 3rd card
End of third card
Note Maximum number of people in family is 18. So the coding
processwill be repeated till the end of the 6th card. For family
withless than 18 members the coding will take less than 6 cards.
Itcould take only 1 or 2 or 3 •.•••••• cards depending on the
numberof people in that family.
- 83 -
-
Card I: 7
Column
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 - 19
Question'number
2
.3
4
5
6
7
6
Code and description
Identification number
Name of community(same as c~4e1 - 4 in card 1)
Do you have latrine ?
.0 No1 Yes (private latri~e)2 Yes (shared latrine)
What'kind of water do you use for drinking?
1 Pipe water2 Rain water3 Dug well water (surface water)4 Canal
water5 Commercial bottle water6, Deep well (underground) water
~fuat ~ind of water do you UGe for domestic use ?
1 Pipe water2 Rain water3 Dug well water4' Canal water5
Commercial bottle water6 Deep well (underground) water
Condition underneath the house
1 Dry2 Wet/polluted water
Place of birth for head of household
1 In this slum community2. Other slum in Bangkok3 Non - slum
community in Bangkok4 North5 South-6 North: east7. Central8
East
Durable goodsFor each item;
Q No1 Yes
- 84 -
-
Column
20 - 22
23
24 - 2S
26
27 - 28
29
Questionnumber
8
9
- 7 -
code and Description
Total price (Baht) of durable goods the familyhave (add up all
the prices for 10 items fromthe questionnaire) Put down actual
number x 100ie. total price 9,700 the code will be 097. Ifthe items
were not purchased or were given tothem I. then' put dosu .999
Does head of household have good friend or goodrelative in this
community before move in ?
o No1 Yes9 Not applicable (born here)
Number of times head of household move. If nevermove (born here)
put down 00.
Present residence
1 Slum in Bangkok2 Non slum in Bangkok3 central4 North5 North
east6 South7 East9 Not applicable (never ~ve)
Number of years lived/living at this place put downactual
number. Use 99 for not applicable (never move~
Reason for movi~g to live in this place •.
1 Marriage2 Followed parents/family3 Job4 Eviction5
Environmental reason6 Live independently7 Economic reason8 Others
(Pervious residence was on fire,
Found housing hereJ Convenient, Want to livein Bangkok and found
this place, Told/persuadedby other people, Come to live with
relatives
9 Not applicable (born here).
Note: Colum 26 - 77 is only for people who move or migrate at
leastonce. Code 9 will be used for people who never move (born
here)Col.26 - 29 will be information for present place.Col. 30 - 33
for before present placeCol. 34 - 37 for before before present
placeCol. 38 - 41 for before before before present placeand so on
depending on number of times moved.
80 Card number 7 for 7th card.
- 85 -
End of seventh card