Surveillance for disease in farmed animals - zoonoses.ie · ¥!Bovine Brucellosis ( Brucella abortus ) ¥!Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ¥!Scrapie ... ¥!LP AI 1 1 H5 1 H7

Surveillance for disease in farmed

animals

Dónal Sammin

Head of Veterinary Laboratories

•! DAFF Veterinary Laboratory Service (VLS)

•! Functions of the VLS

•! Active and Passive surveillance

Veterinary

Laboratories

DAFF Laboratories

Agricultural

Laboratories

Minister for Agriculture

Secretary General

MAC

Veterinary laboratories

•! Bacteriology

•! Pathology

•! Virology

•! Veterinary Public Health Regulatory Lab.

•! Regional Veterinary Laboratories

•! Blood Testing Laboratory (Cork)

Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Backweston; 2005-

DAFF Laboratories Backweston

Regional Veterinary

Laboratories

SLIGO

ATHLONE

DUBLIN

KILKENNY LIMERICK

CORK

Brucellosis Testing laboratory

Functions of the VLS

•! Regulatory – NRLs; DAFF schemes

= Active surveillance

•! Diagnostic ! aggregate data on production diseases

= Passive surveillance

•! Applied research and development

= targeted surveys and improved tools ± methods for surveillance

Reasons for surveillance of disease in

farmed animals

Production

•! inform disease control measures

•! enhance profitability

Trade

•! substantiate freedom from specific diseases

•! provide reassurance re animal health

Animal and Public health •! recognition of novel, exotic or zoonotic disease

Specific Divisions at CVRL

Bacteriology •! Salmonella, VTEC, AMR

Campylobacter

•! TB/ParaTB

•! Parasitology

Pathology •! Diagnostic histopathology

•! TSEs •! Clinical chemistry

Virology •! Class A diseases

•! Export/AI

•! Diagnostic (endemic viral diseases)

VPHRL •! Regulatory controls on export

meat plants

•! Chemistry

•! Microbiology

Salmonella

Campylobacter

Verotoxigenic E. coli

Staph. aureus

Antimicrobial Resistance

Parasites

Listeria (DSL)

Chemical Residues

TSE’s

•! Range of competencies at Backweston

•! Integrated with DAFF inspection services

•! DVOs; export meat plants

•! DAFF IT systems – AHCS

•! “NRL for food, feed and animal health”

DAFF disease control/eradication

•! Bovine Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis)

•! Bovine Brucellosis (Brucella abortus)

•! Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)

•! Scrapie

•! Avian influenza

Current BSE situation in Ireland

•! Very significant decline in the incidence of BSE

in Ireland in recent years

Year of test

Incidence

of test positives

Current BSE situation in Ireland

Total

number of cases

Year of birth

•! 99% of BSE cases in Ireland have been diagnosed in

animals born before the introduction of an enhanced

feed ban in Europe on January 1, 2001

Avian influenza isolates from farmed

birds in Ireland

•! 1983 H5N8 HPAI

•! 1987 H9N2

•! 1989 H7N7

•! 1991 H6N2

•! 1993 H3N8, H9N3

•! 1995 H7N7

•! 1997 H9N2

•! 1998 H7N7

•! 2003 H10N5

•! 2007 H6N2, H10N7

•!HPAI 1

•!LPAI 11

H5 1

H7 3

Periodic surveys

•! EU legislative requirement

•! Substantiate disease freedom

•! Public health concerns

National Survey Foxes: 2009 - 2010

•! Trichinella

•! Echinococcus

Food-borne pathogens:

Human cases per 100,000

NRL Survey: VTEC O157

confirmation and typing

•! Genotypic characterisation by PCR

–! O serogroup: O157, O111, O26, O145, O103

–! vtx1; vtx2; eae

•! VTEC: vtx and eae positive

•! EPEC: vtx negative and eae positive

•! Non-pathogenic E. coli O157: vtx and eae negative

•! Antimicrobial Resistance

•! Molecular typing

NRL Survey: Results

•! Establish national reference facility for

Cryptosporidium in Water

•! Standardise Cryptosporidium testing in Ireland –

including genotyping

•! Survey of public water supplies

•! Emerging contaminants

Cryptosporidium Reference Laboratory

A collaborative project involving EPA, DAFF, UCD

Regional Veterinary

Laboratories (RVLs)

SLIGO

ATHLONE

DUBLIN

KILKENNY LIMERICK

CORK

Post mortem examination

Follow-up field investigation

Clinical pathology

Post mortem examination

Follow-up on-farm investigation

Rumen fluke infestation

Clinical paramphistome infestation in ruminants in Ireland.

Ger Murray1, Cepta Joyce1, John Fagan1, Jim O’Donovan1, Kevin Gaffney2, Mícheál Casey3, Bob Hanna4, Dónal Sammin2 1Athlone RVL; 2Kilkenny RVL; 3Sligo RVL; 4AFBI, Stormont.

RVL Annual surveillance report http://www.agriculture.gov.ie/rvlreport/

32

Tuberculosis (M. bovis) in Goats

•! In early April 2008 7 goats from a herd in North Cork were

submitted to Limerick RVL. TB was confirmed by end April

33

Tuberculosis (M. bovis) in Goats

•! TB rarely seen in goats in Ireland and the UK before 2008

•! Herd history: Purchased entire herd (290 goats) from a Midlands

herd in April 2007.

•! First affected goat on 24/12/07

•! 10 goats to knackery before RVL involvement on 9/4/08

•! Dairy sector expansion (50% ! milk prodn)

•! Increased export of value-added goods

Animal Health Ireland

!!Greater awareness of

economic impact of

endemic disease

!!Industry-led disease

control programmes

!!Requirement for

technical support

Future direction of VLS

Enhanced diagnostic and surveillance role

•! diseases of pigs

•! all-island surveillance report with AFBI

Enhanced regulatory role

•! export tests/NRL functions

•! “Reference laboratory” role for AHI programmes

Collaboration - applied R & D