Surgical Instruments
Instruments
Instruments are classified by their function
– Cutting & Dissecting
– Grasping & Holding
– Clamping & Occluding
– Exposing & Retracting
– Suturing & Stapling
– Viewing
– Suctioning
Cutting & Dissecting
Cutting instruments have sharp edges.
They are used to dissect, incise,
separate, or excise tissue.
Most instrument sets will include #3
and #7 knife handles & suture, curved
mayo, metz and tenotomy scissors.
Knife Handles
Come in various
widths & lengths
Blades are attached
by slipping the slit
in the blade into the
groove on the
handle
#7 #4 #3
Knife Blades
Blades with numeric prefix of “1” (e.g., 10, 11, 12, 15) fit #3 or #7 handles
Blades with the numeric prefix “2” (e.g., 20, 21, 22, 23, 24) fit #4 handles
Knife Blades
#10 are used for large skin incisions
#15 are used for short shallow incisions
#11 are used for initial skin puncture of tiny deep incisions
#10 #15 #11
Other Knife handles
Long handles are
used inside deep
incisions (e.g., open
abdominal cases)
Beaver knifes are
used for small
delicate cases
Scissors
Blades of scissors may
be straight, angled, or
curved
Tips may be pointed
or blunt, handles may
be long or short
Should be used only
for their intended
purpose
Grasping & Holding
These instruments are used to
grasp tissue and hold it in place
without injuring surrounding
tissues
Forceps can be ringed or the
thumbed variety
Grasping & Holding
Most instrument sets will include
kocher, allis, babcock, adson,
tissue, debakey forceps, sponge
sticks & towel clips.
Clamping & Occluding
These instruments are used to
apply pressure
Some clamps are designed to crush
the structure when applied
Others are noncrushing and are
used to occlude or secure tissue
Clamping & Occluding
Most instrument sets will include
mosquito, crile, kelly, tonsil, peon,
and right angle clamps.
Exposing and Retracting
Used to pull Soft tissue and muscle
aside to expose surgical site
2 types:
–Hand held
–Self retaining
Exposing and Retracting
Most instrument sets will include
small hand held , army-navy,
malleable, weitlaner, and
richardson retractors.
Skin Hooks
Suturing and Stapling
Needle holder sizes vary according
to type of needle used
Most instrument sets will have
webster, crilewood, and mayo
hegar type needle holders.
Suturing and Stapling
Clip appliers place individual
staples, available in reusable and
disposable
Disposable staplers
Ligaclip Applier
Staplers
Viewing
Surgeons can examine body
cavities, hallow organs, or
structures with viewing
instruments
Procedures may be performed
through them
Rectal Speculums
Handling instruments
Instruments are placed firmly into the
surgeon’s palm in such a manner that it is
ready of immediate use.
Ringed instruments are handed with the box
locks closed.
Curved instruments are passed with the
curve in the direction of intended use.
To facilitate suturing the needle is secured about 1/8 inch down from the tip of the needle holder and about a third of the distance from the eye or swaged end
Care of Instruments
During the procedure,
used instruments
should wiped with a
damp sponge or
placed in a basin of
sterile distilled water.
Care of Instruments
Do not saline on
instruments.
Do not allow blood to
dry on instruments.
Saline & blood can
damage instrument
surfaces causing
corrosion and pitting.
Care of Instruments
Flush suction tips with sterile distilled water periodically to keep lumens patent.
Flush all lumened instruments thoroughly at the end of case to prevent blood from drying inside lumens.