Surge Protection- General Recommendations Written by: Chris Quillen, MSEE, P.E. (TN)- Principal Engineer- TVA Customer Service Installing Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) can help prevent the electrical equipment damage associated with lightning activity. SPDs operate by diverting surge energy to ground before the energy can pass to sensitive equipment. SPDs must have a reliable, low impedance path to ground in order to function effectively. Proper electrical system grounding and bonding is essential for operation of sensitive equipment and is also necessary to allow surge protective devices to function properly. The National Electrical Code (NEC) article 250 contains the requirements for proper grounding and bonding. Grounding and Bonding All SPDs require a good connection to ground (the earth). A minimum of one Ground rod should be installed at all buildings with electric power. Depending on soil conditions, it may be necessary to install a second ground rod to supplement the first ground rod. Concrete footer grounds (using rebar or buried copper wires) can serve as one ground rod. All utilities that enter a facility should be electrically connected (bonded) together. This includes: – Metal gas piping – Metal water piping – Telephone service – Cable TV service – Satellite TV service – TV antenna service Telecommunication Equipment NEC articles 800, 810, and 820 list the requirements for grounding and lightning protection on telecommunications services. Any telecommunications service must have a primary lightning protector or grounding block installed where the service enters the house. The protectors and grounding blocks should be connected to the electrical ground. If communication equipment such as TV Antennas, Satellite Dishes, or Telephone services enter the house more than 25 feet away from the electric service, the communication equipment must have its own nearby ground rod and a #6 AWG copper conductor to connect the telecommunication ground rod to the electrical ground. Surge Protection for Electrical Equipment TVA recommends a multi-level approach to applying electrical system SPDs: 1) Main Service Entrance- at meter base, main panel, or closest main panel to service entrance. 2) Distribution sub-Panel (if present)- at all sub-panels that supply sensitive equipment such as electronics, computers, televisions, or air conditioning equipment. 3) Point-of-use- Surge protected multi-outlet strips where sensitive equipment (such as a computer) connects to wall outlet.
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Surge Protection- General Recommendations Written by: Chris Quillen, MSEE, P.E. (TN)- Principal Engineer- TVA Customer Service
Installing Surge Protection Devices (SPDs) can help prevent the electrical equipment damage associated with lightning activity. SPDs operate by diverting surge energy to ground before the energy can pass to sensitive equipment. SPDs must have a reliable, low impedance path to ground in order to function effectively. Proper electrical system grounding and bonding is essential for operation of sensitive equipment and is also necessary to allow surge protective devices to function properly. The National Electrical Code (NEC) article 250 contains the requirements for proper grounding and bonding.
Grounding and Bonding All SPDs require a good connection to ground (the earth). A minimum of one Ground rod should be installed at all buildings with electric power. Depending on soil conditions, it may be necessary to install a second ground rod to supplement the first ground rod. Concrete footer grounds (using rebar or buried copper wires) can serve as one ground rod. All utilities that enter a facility should be electrically connected (bonded) together. This includes:
– Metal gas piping – Metal water piping – Telephone service – Cable TV service – Satellite TV service – TV antenna service
Telecommunication Equipment NEC articles 800, 810, and 820 list the requirements for grounding and lightning protection on telecommunications services. Any telecommunications service must have a primary lightning protector or grounding block installed where the service enters the house. The protectors and grounding blocks should be connected to the electrical ground. If communication equipment such as TV Antennas, Satellite Dishes, or Telephone services enter the house more than 25 feet away from the electric service, the communication equipment must have its own nearby ground rod and a #6 AWG copper conductor to connect the telecommunication ground rod to the electrical ground.
Surge Protection for Electrical Equipment TVA recommends a multi-level approach to applying electrical system SPDs:
1) Main Service Entrance- at meter base, main panel, or closest main panel to service entrance.
2) Distribution sub-Panel (if present)- at all sub-panels that supply sensitive equipment such as electronics, computers, televisions, or air conditioning equipment.
3) Point-of-use- Surge protected multi-outlet strips where sensitive equipment (such as a computer) connects to wall outlet.
Applying surge protection in this fashion provides three barriers between the electrical system and the end-use equipment. These barriers offer three distinct points to stop a surge before it can damage sensitive equipment. Be sure to follow all manufacturers’ instructions regarding the installation of permanently mounted SPDs. Improper installation techniques can degrade or negate the performance of SPDs. The units should be installed so that the wires between the SPD and the circuit breaker connections are kept as short and straight as possible. Do not install the SPD wires with sharp bends or kinks. Specifications to look for when purchasing SPDs for electrical systems:
• UL 1449 (3rd Edition) listing- this is the latest UL safety standard for SPDs • For Line Voltage Models, the SPD should provide multi-mode protection against Line
to Line, Line to Neutral, and Line to Ground transients • Line Voltage Models should also have indicator lights that display the operational status
of the SPD. These lights should be checked on a regular basis and especially after a thunderstorm.
• Point-of-use surge protectors (plug strips) should be chosen which provide connections for all utilities that connect to a particular device. Example: A point-of-use protector for a television should also have provisions to connect the cable TV service. A point-of-use protector for a computer should also have provisions to connect the telephone/DSL/internet line.
The installation of all SPDs should comply with NEC article 285. All permanently mounted SPDs should be connected to a circuit breaker. Reference the manufacturer’s specific instructions for circuit breaker ratings.
BackUp Power It is often convenient to provide uninterruptible power for computers so that work in progress is not lost when the power unexpectedly goes out. Some newer flat screen televisions also require a cool-down time after they are turned off. When the power goes out, the TVs are not able to cool down as needed and damage can result. TVA recommends that you consider installing uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) for equipment such as computers and televisions (especially if cool down time is necessary). UPSs typically incorporate built-in SPDs and are available with telephone and cable surge protection connections.
AppendixInformation Included in the appendix is information on the following:
– Brochure for Eaton Electrical Corporation’s brand of permanently mounted electrical system surge suppressors for 120/240 volt applications at main panels.
– A brochure for a Citel coax (cable TV) surge protector. – Brochures for some plug-strip type SPDs for use at sensitive electronic equipment. – Brochure for Tripp-Lite Uninterruptible Power Supply
TVA does not endorse one manufacturer over another, the information is only provided as an example of equipment that meets the recommended specifications. Many vendors make equipment meeting these recommendations, TVA recommends obtaining multiple quotes for surge protection equipment.
Introduction
Since 1980, Eaton's Innovative Technology has provided Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) to power quality equipment users around the world. Whatever your electrical surge protection need may be, Eaton’s Innovative Technology has a Surge Protective Device to fill it!
General Features
Parallel configured, hard wire connected, Surge •Protective Device
Peak Surge Current — • XT50: 50 kA XT100: 100 kA
Application — Medium and low exposure level AC power •service entrances, branch panels and/or individual equipment disconnects feeding all types of loads
Warranty — 5 Year free replacement•
Unit Listings — UL• ®1449 Third Edition; permanently connected; Type 1 and 2
Nominal discharge current — 20 kA•
SCCR — 100 kA•
CE Compliant to IEC 61643-1 Test Classification I & II•
Vibration Tested to IEC 60255-21-1 & -2•
Manufacturer Qualifications — ISO• ® 9001:1994 Quality System Certification BSI FM 30833
Mechanical and Electrical Features
Enclosure — NEMA• ® 4X (IP56) polycarbonate weatherproof enclosure (meets or exceeds NEMA 1, 2, 4, 4X, 12, 13)
Mounting — Threaded conduit fitting and multi-point case •mounting holes (external mounting feet available separately)
Connection — #10 (6 mm• 2) stranded wire
Weight — • ≈2.0 lbs (1.0 kg)
Operating Temperature — –13 to 140°F (–25 to 60°C)•
Protection — All Modes•
Input Power Frequency — 47–420 Hz (50/60 Hz typical)•
Diagnostics — LED indicators, 1 per phase, normally ON •
* UL 1449 3rd Edition VPR (Voltage Protection Rating) Test environment: All tests performed with 6” lead length, positive polarity.
Innovative Technology is a registered service mark of Eaton Corporation.UL is a federally registered trademark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc.ISO is the registered trademark and sole property of the International Organization for Standardization.NEMA is the registered trademark and service mark of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
The P8AX series coaxial surge protectors have been designed to protect antennas, microwaves, broadband applications, two-way radios, cellular, GPS and CATV equipment against lightning surges and electrical transients. They are a first line of defense for your sensitive equipment.
The P8AX series employs a patented gas tube, are waterproof (IP65) and available with three grounding options: M6 ground screw, bulkhead or optional mounting bracket.
Tower Mounted Amplifiers (TMA)Global Positioning Systems (GPS)Antenna SystemsTower Top Electronics (TTE)Transmitters and RecieversWiFiBroadband WirelessWiMax Broadband wireless
1 Impedance for F-Type Connector is 75 Ohms.
CITEL Part Number P8AX09 P8AX25 P8AX50
DC-5GHz DC-5GHz DC-5GHz
90-130V 200-300V 400-600V
Gas Discharge Tube Gas Discharge Tube Gas Discharge Tube
Frequency Range
DC Turn-On (Breakdown)
Technology
≤0.1db ≤0.1db ≤0.1db
≥20db ≥20db ≥20db
lnsertion Loss
Return Loss
<1.2:1 <1.2:1 <1.2:1
20kA 20kA 20kA
VSWR
lpeak (8/20 μs)
25W 190W 780W
10A 10A 10A
Max Power
Max current
50 omhs 50 omhs 50 omhs
Series (bi-directional) Series (bi-directional) Series (bi-directional)
lmpedance
Connection Method
N, TNC, SMA,F, BNC, 7/16
N, TNC, SMA,F, BNC, 7/16
N, TNC, SMA,F, BNC, 7/16
M6 Screw, Bulkhead, Bracket
M6 Screw, Bulkhead, Bracket
M6 Screw, Bulkhead, Bracket
Connectors
Grounding
IP65 IP65 IP65
-50 C to +85 C -50 C to +85 C -50 C to +85 C
Enviromental Rating
Operating Temp
13,000 ft (4,000m) 13,000 ft (4,000m) 13,000 ft (4,000m)up to 5 to 95%non-condensing, up to 100%
USB port, TEL/DSL/Coax protection, Wall mountable, 98% efficient
NEMA 5-15P input plug and 12 NEMA 5-15R outlets
DescriptionTripp Lite's HT850UPS line-interactive UPS offers complete protection for PCs, workstations and other sensitive electronics in an ultra-compact,
mountable housing. Internal UPS circuits support individual VCR/DVR components as long as 3 hours during power failures. Prevents data loss and
system downtime by providing battery-supported AC output during blackouts and automatic voltage regulation (AVR) during brownouts and
overvoltages. Includes 12 output receptacles, 4 of which are widely spaced to accommodate large transformer blocks without obscuring adjacent
outlets. 6 outlets offer full battery support and surge suppression, protecting computers, monitors and other vital system components from power
loss. 6 additional outlets with surge suppression only are ideal for printers and other peripherals not requiring battery support. Single-line telephone
suppression jacks protect modems, fax machines, cordless phones or other equipment with a DSL or standard dialup RJ-11 phone line connection.
Set of gold coaxial line surge suppression jacks protect CATV, satellite or broadcast antenna connections. USB port with included cable and
PowerAlert monitoring software enables safe unattended system shutdown in case of extended power failure. HID-compliant USB interface enables
integration with built-in power management and auto-shutdown features of Windows and Mac OS X. Audible alarm and front panel LEDs offer
status information regarding line and battery power operation. 450W power-handling ability supports entry-level PCs for up to 35 min. during power
failures. $100,000 Ultimate Lifetime Insurance (USA and Canada only).
Package Includes
HT850UPS UPS SystemPowerAlert Software CD-ROM, USB cable, RJ-11 phone cable, 6-foot gold coax cableInstruction manual with warranty information
Features
HT850UPS line-interactive UPS offers protection from blackouts, brownouts and surges on AC, tel/DSL and coaxial line connectionsBuilt-in automatic voltage regulation (AVR) boosts brownouts as low as 83V and reduces overvoltages up to 147V back to usable 120Vnominal levels12 AC outlets, 4 of which are widely spaced to accommodate large transformer blocks without obscuring adjacent outlets6 UPS battery-supported outlets protect computers, monitors and vital system peripherals; 6 additional surge suppression-only outletsprotect system accessories not requiring battery supportProvides battery-derived AC output during blackouts, voltage boost during brownouts and voltage reduction during overvoltages750VA/450W power-handling ability supports a variety of home theater equipment, workstations and other sensitive electronicsSupports individual VCR/DVR components as long as 3 hours during power failures
Built-in single-line tel/DSL surge suppression protects modems, fax machines or cordless phones. Built-in coaxial line surge suppressionprotects CATV, satellite or broadcast antenna connectionsUSB port, included USB cable and PowerAlert Software offer safe, unattended shutdown without data loss during extended outagesHID-compliant USB interface enables integration with built-in power management and auto-shutdown features of Windows and Mac OS X. Supports Tripp Lite's Watchdog system service to restore operation to locked equipment through soft reboot of application/OS or hardpower off/on reboot of connected equipment; ideal for unattended kiosk applicationsHot-swappable user battery replacement supported via battery access doorSpace-saving, ultra-compact housing fits almost anywhereKeyhole mounting flanges enable secure wallmount installation