Surface Anatomy • Palpation – feeling internal structures through the skin • “Living anatomy” – provides information about – Palpation of arterial pulses – Skeleton, muscles, and blood vessels – Sounds of the heart and lungs – Where to give injections
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Surface Anatomy Palpation – feeling internal structures through the skin “Living anatomy” – provides information about –Palpation of arterial pulses –Skeleton,
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Surface Anatomy
• Palpation – feeling internal structures through the skin
• “Living anatomy” – provides information about– Palpation of arterial pulses– Skeleton, muscles, and blood vessels– Sounds of the heart and lungs– Where to give injections
The Head
• Cranium – selected structures felt through the skin– Superciliary arches – External occipital protuberance – Mastoid process – Temporalis muscle – at temple region– Frontalis muscle
• Feel wrinkling of the forehead when eyebrows are raised
Surface Anatomy of Lateral Aspect of the Head
Figure 11.26
The Head
• Face – selected structures felt through the skin– Lacrimal fossa – Root and bridge of the nose– Auricle of the ear– Zygomatic arch– Masseter muscle– Mandible – Temporomandibular joint
The Neck
• Skeletal landmarks– Spinous processes of cervical vertebrae
• C7 is particularly prominent (vertebra prominens)
– Hyoid bone – in the anterior, superior neck– Laryngeal prominence – the “Adam’s Apple”– Cricoid cartilage – inferior to the laryngeal
prominence– Jugular notch – depression in the superior
part of the sternum
The Neck
Figure 11.27
Muscles of the Neck
• Sternocleidomastoid – most prominent neck muscle– Sternal head– Clavicular head
• Deep to the sternocleidomastoid – Common carotid artery – Internal jugular vein
• Trapezius – posterior aspect of the neck
Triangles of the Neck
• The sternocleidomastoid muscles divide the neck– Anterior triangle– Posterior triangle
Figure 11.28a
Triangles of the Neck
Figure 11.28b
The Trunk
• The trunk consists of the – Thorax– Abdomen– Pelvis and perineum
The Thorax
• Sternum – portions felt through the skin– Manubrium, xiphoid process, and sternal
angle
• Midaxillary line – line from the center of the axilla onto the lateral thoracic wall
• Midclavicular line – vertical line from midpoint of the clavicle to the groin
Muscles of the Thorax
• Pectoralis major
• Serratus anterior
The Anterior Thorax and Abdomen
Figure 11.29
The Abdomen
• Structures felt through the skin– Iliac crest– Anterior superior iliac spine– Inguinal ligament
• Runs medially from anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
– Pubic crest
Inguinal Hernia
Figure 11.30
Muscles and other Abdominal Surface Features
• Linea alba– The “white line” extending from xiphoid
process to the pubic symphysis
• Rectus abdominis– Linea semilunaris – lateral margin of rectus
abdominis
The Pelvis and Perineum
• Four bony structures define the perineum – Pubic symphysis– Two ischial tuberosities– Coccyx
The Back
• Posterior median furrow – vertical groove along the midline
• Spinous processes of vertebrae
• Spine of the scapula– Medial end is opposite T3
• Medial border of the scapula
The Back
• Inferior angle of the scapula
• Iliac crests– Supracristal line – intersects L4
• Sacrum – superior to cleft in the buttocks
• Coccyx – posterior to the anus
Surface Anatomy of the Back
Figure 11.31a
Muscles of the Back
• Trapezius
• Latissimus dorsi
• Erector spinae
Surface Anatomy of the Back
Figure 11.31b
Upper Limb and Shoulder
• The Axilla– Base of the axilla – where armpit hair grows– Deep to the axilla – axillary lymph nodes and