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1. C , ,,, ,,,LLBIOLOGYREE(E
2. I I'I'f I'1V'II(((I1( g Life processes are the hasic
processes in living organisms which are necessary for maintaining
their life.The hasic life processes are
nutrition,respiration,transportation,and excretion.
3. organism and its utilisation by the body to build the
body,for growth,to repair the damaged parts of the body and for
energy.Life on earth depends on carbon based molecules and most of
the food are also carbon based molecules.The outside raw materials
used by living organisms are food,water and air.
4. heteretrephic nutritien. Autetrephic nutritien 2- is
nutrition in which organisms prepare their ewn feed from simple
inorganic substances like carhen diexide and water in the presence
pf sunlightand chlerephvll. Heterptrephic nutritien 2- is nutritipn
in which erganisrns get their feed directly er indirectly frenn
plants.
5. ICIIITINITIIIWI II" II'r" -resi 2- s --r process -r Wic-r
pans prepare food hy using carbon dioxide and water in the presence
of sunlight and chlorophyll.The food prepared is carhohydrate which
is stored in theform of starch.Oxygen is released in this process.
Equation of photosynthesis 2- Sunlight602
6. IJVINPQCC INT I"fl'I'lCIVT'I"3CIC '. . Photosynthesis talces
place in three rnein steps.They are 2-il Ahsorption of light energy
hy chlorophyll.ii) Conversion of light energy into chemicaland
splitting up molecules into Photosynthesis
7. .Chlorophyll 2- are the green pigments presentin the
leaves.If we observe a cross section of a leaf under a
microscope,we can see cells containing green dot like structures
called chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll. Cell WallCell
Memgnne Chloroplast(contains chlorophyll) vacuoleMembrane
NucleusCyloplasm
8. Q Q mata 2- are tiny pores present in theIthrough which
exchange of gases takes place.Each stoma has a pair of guard cells
which controls the opening and closing of the stomatal pore.When
water enters the guard cells,it swells and the pore opens and when
the guard cells lose water,it shrinks and the pore closes. ammo
r-.lkalu-NLII c. ,.. L.. .u. , L-e Fur-lnbvr L. ... L.u. .
vbyolulblu L, Stoma. ;. innerwallof ~ guardcellSurface View Cross
Section
9. Nutritionin animals : -Nutrition in amoeba : -Amoeba is a
unicellular animal living in water.It takes in food by forming nger
like projections called pseudopodia and forms a food vacuole.Inside
the food vacuole the food is digested and absorbed.Theundigested
food is then sent out through the surface of the cell.
NucicxxsF"oodiaFood vacuole(C: Pmrttctc QIutrt'tion tn
Arnoexbrz
10. llIIIlIIIlII III IIIIIII III IIIIIIIIIL USalivary Glands ,9
/ consists of the alimentary canal and glands which produce enzymes
which breaks down food into smaller molecules.The main organs of
thedigestive system are mouth,oesophagus,stomach,small
intestine,large intestine,and anus.The main glands are salivary
glands,gastric glands,liver,pancreas and intestinal
11. .. L 2i: rpa? ii1:ic1eTia't1r Ila! !! I rut Ltldacidic and
helps in the action of pepsin.Mucous protects the walls of the
stomach from the action of the acid.Then the food passes into the
small intestine.
12. down fats into smaller globules.Pancreatic juice contains
the enzymes trypsin and lipase.Trypsin breaks down proteins and
lipase breaks down fats. In the small intestine 2- the glands the
walls of thesmall intestine produces intestinal juice.The enzymes
of the intestinal juice coverts carbohydrates into glucose,fats
into fatty acids and glycerol and proteins into amino acids.The
walls of the small intestine has several finger like projections
called
13. IIIII I ll IlIl'IIIV'IIIlIII 7 --- --1'--~ ---o oxygen to
reease energy.It . - -A es place in the mitochondria of the cells.
The energy released during respiration is used to make ATP
molecules (Adenosine tri phosphate) from ADP molecules (Adenosine
di phosphate) and inorganic phosphate. Energy ADP + Phosphate mi
ATP from respirationEnergy is stored in the cells in the form of
ATP molecules.When the cells need energy,ATP is broken down in the
presence of water to form ADP and energy is released.
14. IIIIlI('lII IVlII. 'III'IIIlIII .1"1a: Lt. I'J; ( 1
1ix1}1'11l11.1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1produces more energy.The end products
are carbon dioxide,water and energy.It takes place in most
organisms. In aerobic respiration glucose is converted into
pyruvate in the cytoplasm in the presence of oxygen and then in the
presence of oxygen,pyruvate is converted into carbon dioxide,water
and energy in the mitochondria. Anaerobic respiration 2- takes
place in the absence of oxygen.It produces less energy.The end
products are lactic acid or ethanol,carbon dioxide,and energy.It
takes place in muscle cells and yeast.In anaerobic respiration in
muscle cells,glucose is convertedinto pyruvate and in the absence
of oxygen pyruvate is
15. Respiration in Humans : -The main organs of the respiratory
system are nostrils,nasal
cavity,pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,lungs and
diaphragm. RESPIRATORY APPARATUSnasal cavity oral cavity
epiglottistrachea cartilageI, -.-'