Support System and Movement

7/29/2019 Support System and Movement

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SUPPORT SYSTEM

AND MOVEMENT

By: Neinamay Fajardo


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SUPPORT SYSTEM AND

MOVEMENT IN ANIMALS

PSEUDOEXOSKELETON

-is like a battle armour served as coverings of microscopic forms

(foraminiferous protozoans)

MULTICELLULAR GROUP

-are shelled mollusks such as snails, clams, oysters and many others

MESODERMAL ORIGIN

-is a skeletal system beneath the epidermis of the body wall, examples are

starfish and other kinds of echinoderms.


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THE INVERTEBRATE

SUPPORT AND MOVEMENT

EXOSKELETON

-the most common skeleton that is found onthe outside of the body.


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THE INVERTEBRATE


ARTHROPODS

-the largest group of animal withexoskeleton


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EXAMPLES OF

ARTHROPODS


7/38A

discar

dedexoskelet

onof

adragonfly

nymph


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THE INVERTEBRATE


DISADVANTAGES OF HAVING

ARTHROPODAN EXOSKELETON

-growth cannot be consequently regular and continuous

-they solved their problem by undergoing molting or ecdysis


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THE INVERTEBRATE


MOLTING OR ECDYSIS

- is the manner in which an animal routinely casts off apart of its body.


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THE VERTEBRATE


MOLTING FLUID

-a fluid poured out by certain cells.-it loosens the skin after a split occurs on the dorsal

surface through which the animal emerges.


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THE VERTEBRATE


ECDYSIS

-the outer, hard portion of the exoskeleton is discarded.


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THE VERTEBRATE


ARTICULATING AREAS OR

JOINTS-made movement possible.


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THE VERTEBRATE


ENDOSKELETON

-also known as inner skeleton.

-it develops within the skin or in the deeper body tissues.

- made up of two types of tissues (bone and cartilage).


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THE VERTEBRATE


TYPES OF BONES


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THE VERTEBRATE



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THE VERTEBRATE


AXIAL SKELETON

-consists of the bones ad cartilage of trunk, skull, ribs,breastbone, and vertebrae.


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THE VERTEBRATE


APPENDICULAR SKELETON

-includes the bones and cartilage of the limbs and fins.


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THE VERTEBRATE


TWO ESSENTIAL STRUCTURE FOR EFFECTIVE

LOCOMOTION OF LARGER ORGANISMS:

SKELETAL STRUCTURE is used to support the muscles

MUSCLES are needed to change position of the body or to

move.

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

LIGAMENTS AND TENDONS

-attach bones to bones and muscles to bones, respectively,

thereby playing an indispensable role in locomotion

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

MARROW TISSUE

-performs the special task of manufacturing all red cells

and some kind of white ones.

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

AXIAL SKELETON

oSKULL

oBACKBONE

o

HYOID APPARATUSoRIBS


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Three ear bones

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man


oARMS

oLEGS

o

GIRDLES

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man


o

64 BONES(UPPER APPENDAGES)

o62 BONES

(LOWER APPENDAGES)


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SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

MUSCULAR ACTIVITY

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

MOTOR UNIT

oConsists of a single motor neuron and the groupof muscle cells innervated by its axon.

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

o It is estimated that there are some 250,000,000

muscle cells, but only some 420,000 motor neurons

in spinal nerves.

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

Types of Muscles Cell

oSmooth or visceral muscles

oSkeletal or voluntary muscles

oCardiac or heart muscles

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

Smooth or Visceral Muscles

-are found attached to the internal organs. They have spindle-

shaped cells and exhibit no striations.

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

Cardiac Muscles

-are solely found in the heart. They are branching,

polynucleated, and with intercalary discs.

SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

Skeletal Muscles

-are attached to the bones. They are long fibers that show faint

striations.


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SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

Muscular Contractions

oSkeletal Muscle contracts and relaxed in 0.1 second cycle

oCardiac Muscle 1 to 5 seconds.

oSmooth Muscle 3 to 180 seconds to complete the cycle.


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SUPPORT AND


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SUPPORT AND

MOVEMENT in man

Muscular Contractions

oBoth cardiac and smooth muscles contain actin and myosin

and the contraction process involves the hydrolysis of ATP

and an interaction between actin and myosin initiated by

calcium ions.

qu z


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qu z

1. IN THIS PROCESS, THE OUTER, HARD PORTION OF THE

EXOSKELETON.

2-3. GIVE TWO TYPES OF BONES.

4. CONSIST OF BONE AND CARTILAGE OF TRUNK, SKULL,

RIBS, BREASTBONE, AND VERTEBRAE.

5. WHAT SYSTEM CANNOT FUNCTION WITHOUT THE OTHER?

qu z


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qu z

6-7. TWO SPECIALIZED KINDS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBERS

ATTACH BONES TO BONES AND MUSCLES TO BONES.

8-10. THREE TYPES OF MOVABLE JOINTS.

11-13. THREE TYPES OF MUSCLES

14.15. BOTH CARDIAC AND SMOOTH MUSCLES CONTAIN ----AND ---- AND THE CONTRACTION PROCESS INVOLVES

THE HYDROLYSIS OF ATP.

Support System and Movement

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