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. ,01. .
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IIIII . . . Moesia Inferior
- . -
- . - - 1.
, . -
, - . -. - -
, . , - ,
. Legio I Italica
( . 1). I
I . . . , . III . -
(canabae)2. , -
1 Garnsey P., Saller R. The Roman Empire : economy, society, and
culture. Berkeley,
1987. P. 89. 2 Gerov B. Landownership in Roman Thracia and
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dam, 1988. P. 112.
-
. . IIIII . . .
28
, - - , 3.
. 1
, (vexillationis Chersonissitanae), ( . ), 16 . (vicus) .
, , -
4. 3 Klenina E. Some remarks about the Roman and early Byzantine
pottery from Novae
(Moesia Inferior) // Limes XVIII : proceedings of the 18th
International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies, held in Amman,
Jordan (September 2000) / ed. by P. Free-man et al. Oxford, 2002.
P. 696.
4 .: ., . . - // : - / . . , . . . , 2000.
C. 199200.
-
. . IIIII . . .
29
, , - , (posca), -
, . , , , , -
. . ,
, , , -
. , vexillationis Chersonissitanae
, .
, , I . . . -
5. - , , . III .
. 6. (territorium, prata).
(117138) - ,
. , -
. , - ,
prata , 7. -, territorium legionis ,
, 8. 5 .: Garnsey P., Saller R. T Romn Empr P. 97. 6 Ibid. P.
90; Klenina E. Supply of the legio I Italica at Novae (Moesia
Inferior) and
Tauric Chersoensos // Limes XIX : proceedings of the 19th
International Conr o Romn ronr n , Hungary (September 2003) / . . V
. , 2005. P. 403.
7 .: Gerov B. Lnonr p n Romn Tr n Mo P. 116; Poulter A. G.
Nicopolis ad Istrum : a Roman to early Byzantine city. London,
1999. P. 39; Klenina E. om rmr o Romn n r Bnn por P. 692.
8 .: Sarnowski T. o o rm M Don n pnonm r Mo-rza Czarnego.
Warszawa, 1988. S. 167.
-
. . IIIII . . .
30
II ., , - .
. -
, . -
9. IIIII . I 6 400 10. - ,
, . . 1 11. , 1 600 2 131,2 (244 275325 374 -
) .
(horreum) , 442 , - IV .12 - 725 (110 624 ). ,
0,2025 , - 2 900 , . .
13. , , , -
14. 9 Gerov B. Lnonr p n Romn Tr n Mo . 112; Poulter A. G. Nopo
I rm . 39.
10 . - . , 1999. . 6970.
11 Hopkins K. Taxes and trade in the Roman Empire (200 B. C. A.
D. 400) // Journal of Roman studies. 1980. Vol. 70. P. 118; Davies
R. W. The Roman Military Diet // Britannia. 1971. Vol. 2. P.
123.
12 Dyczek P. New Late Roman horreum from the sector IV at Novae
// Late Roman and early Byzantine cities on the lower Danube from
the 4th to 6th century A. D. : International conference (Poznan,
Poland, 1517 November 1995) : studies and ma-terials / . . B. Brn,
. . on , 1997. P. 90.
13 Davies R. W. The Roman Military Diet. P. 123. 14 , -
10 . .: Popova T. Palaeoethnobotanical and anthracological
analysis from Roman
town Nicopolis ad Istrum and Dichin hillford (Roman aqueduct),
North Bulgaria // The Roman and Late Roman City : the International
Conference (Veliko Turnovo, 2630 July 2000 / ed. by L.
Ruseva-Slokoska et al. Sofia, 2002. P. 61.
-
. . IIIII . . .
31
, -, , 500 2 . 15. -
, (cohortes equitatae quingenariae) 555 66 16.
, 1 380 . -
(137 ). ( . ) cohortes equitatae quingenariae (1 110 -
132 ). - 345600 17. ,
, . , -
- , -
18. . , III . . ., 19.
. . . , -
, , 20. , - ,
15 , -
. . . .: . . CIL, VIII, 619 // . 1968. 4. . 134. .: . .
( I . . . VI . . .). , 1998. C. 89; Sarnow-ski T. o o rm M Don
S. 149.
16 . . : - . , 1994. C. 78; . -
. 68. 17 Klenina E. Supp o o I I No . 404. 18 . ., . .
// . 1981. 168 : . C. 3032. 19 . . : -
. , 1990. C. 911. 20 . . // . 1998. . 9. . 84; . . IIIII . .
.
. , 2004. C. 15.
-
. . IIIII . . .
32
. , , . -
- , - , -. , -
21. , , . 22.
II - III . . , , -
- , , . -
, 23. -
. - 24.
2 25. ,
( IIIII .), , -, , . -
(18%), (14%), (16%), (12%); 35% (35%)26. III ., (laridum)
(lard). -
21 . . - . , 1994. C. 33. 22 . . - . , 1972. C. 59,
161, 168. 23 Klenina E. Supp o o I I No . 404. 24 . . - . C. 33.
25 ,
, , , , , -. .: Klenina E. Supp o o I I No . 404.
26 Makowiecki D., Makowiecka M. Animal remains from the 1989,
1990, 1993 exca-vations of Novae (Bulgaria) // T Romn n L Romn C P.
211214.
-
. . IIIII . . .
33
, 27.
. - 4% 28.
, , - . (75%)
Legio I Italica . - . - , -, .
, , -
29. territorium legionis , (canabae vici)30.
. - -
- .
-. 31.
. , -
. .
, .
(63%), 28% -
27 Davies R. W. The Roman Military Diet. P. 123. 28 Makowiecki
D., Makowiecka M. Animal remains from the 1989, 1990, 1993 exca-on
o No . 215.
29 . . C. 7879. 30 ., . .
. C. 198200. 31 . . . C. 8485.
-
. . IIIII . . .
34
, (4%), (1%)32. (posca), 1 -
. -, . , -
. , - , 2 336 000 . -
. , -
. , (67%).
, , , . ,
. , - 84 . -
negotiators, 33. , , ,
mercatores. , - , 31%.
, , . 504 000 .
55 , - , 40 .
- 34. 63% -
. - (10%) (10%).
, - 0,07
32 .: A., - . // -
: . C. 158160. 33 Dyczek P. Amfory rzymskie z obszaru dolnego
Dunaju : dystrybucja amfor i trans-
portowanych w nich produktw w IIII w. po Chr. Warszawa, 1999. S.
166167. 34 . . . . 84; . . IIIII . . . -
. C. 8485.
-
. . IIIII . . .
35
. 25 . 164 000 .
, , - . ,
. , , 20%
. -
. , 94% .
. . 60% , 20% , , . - 35 000 ,
4 . -
. , -, . ,
2327% . , ,
(60%), (40%). ,
, - . , , -
35,
. , , .
-.
, , , -
, , - .
, (vinum). - . 2
35 - . . (
) // . 1947. 2. . 242243; . . . C. 8586.
-
. . IIIII . . .
36
10% . , .
, -
: -, , . - - 36. , - -
-. -
, - . , .
, , ,
-, . -, , , - : 49%
55% ; 27% 23%, 24% 20%. -
. , - , ,
. , . , -
I , -. ,
, .
36 . . : , -
, . ., 1983. C. 2327.
-
. . IIIII . . .
37
E. J. KLENINA
SEBASTOPOL
SUPPLY OF THE ROMAN LEGIONARIES IN THE IIIII CENTURY AD AT NOVAE
(Moesia Inferior) AND CHERSONESOS IN TAURICA
Supply of the army along the frontiers of the Roman Empire is a
subject of interest of many historians. Emperor and government
officials formed strategy of supply of the Roman army. To maintain
efficiency of the army and loyalty to authorities, the Roman
emperors took a special interest in needs of the military.
Therefore Roman soldiers were better supplied than civilians.
However the military did not receive products of the exceptional
quality. The policy of supply with necessary goods was enough
flexible and took into account the size of garrison, and a place of
its location. More often, legionaries received foodstuffs from the
sources typical of certain area. The main foodstuff of the Roman
soldiers were always grain, posca, olive oil or its substitute,
and, of course, meat. Products arrived by the way of taxes, and
requisitions during military actions or were brought from
inhabitants at fixed prices during peacetime. Important source of
supply of legionaries was pro-duction on military areas
(territorium or prata). Products transported in am-phorae make up:
wine 49% in Chersonesos and 55% in Novae, olive oil 27% 23%, fish
24% 20%. Supply sources of the main categories of products
were of local or regional origin.